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  1. Article ; Online: An evaluation of subcritical hydrothermal treatment of end-of-pipe palm oil mill effluent

    Zhan Sheng Lee / Sim Yee Chin / Chin Kui Cheng

    Heliyon, Vol 5, Iss 6, Pp e01792- (2019)

    2019  

    Abstract: This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 ...

    Abstract This study evaluates the effects of subcritical hydrothermal treatment on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and its concomitant formations of solid hydrochar, liquid product and gaseous product. The reactions were carried out at temperatures ranged 493 K–533 K for 2 h. The highest reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were 58.8% and 62.5%, respectively, at 533 K. In addition, the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) achieved up to 99%, with the pH of POME reaching 6 from the initial pH 4. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that the fresh POME contained n-Hexadecanoic acid as the dominant component, which gradually reduced in the liquid product in the reaction with increased temperature, in addition to the attenuation of carboxyl compounds and elevation of phenolic components. The gaseous products contained CO2, CO, H2, and C3 – C6 hydrocarbons. Traces of CH4 were only found at 533 K. CO2 is the dominant species, where the highest of 3.99 vol% per 500 mL working volume of POME recorded at 533 K. The solid hydrochars showed negligible morphological changes across the reaction temperature. The O/C atomic ratio of the hydrochar range from 0.157 to 0.379, while the H/C atomic ratio was in the range from 0.930 to 1.506. With the increase of treatment temperature, the higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar improved from 24.624 to 27.513 MJ kg-1. The characteristics of hydrochar make it a fuel source with immense potential. POME decomposed into water-soluble compounds, followed by deoxygenation (dehydration and decarboxylation) in producing hydrochar with lower oxygen content and higher aromatic compounds in the liquid product. Little gaseous hydrocarbons were produced due to subcritical hydrothermal gasification at low temperature.
    Keywords Environmental science ; Chemical engineering ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 660
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: Treatment technologies of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and olive mill wastewater (OMW): A brief review

    Lee, Zhan Sheng / Sim Yee Chin / Jun Wei Lim / Thongthai Witoon / Chin Kui Cheng

    Environmental technology & innovation. 2019 Aug., v. 15

    2019  

    Abstract: Attributable to the enormous population growth, tonnes of effluents are unavoidably generated throughout the agricultural activities. The inadequate effluents disposal induces perpetual contamination to the sea and river water sources, which has ... ...

    Abstract Attributable to the enormous population growth, tonnes of effluents are unavoidably generated throughout the agricultural activities. The inadequate effluents disposal induces perpetual contamination to the sea and river water sources, which has subsequently raised the public environmental concern. For that reason, the handling protocol of agricultural effluents was flagged up as an interest area for research. Despite the environmental hazards, agricultural effluents have the potential to be transformed from wastes into wealth via biological, physicochemical, thermochemical or a combination of processes thereof. The identical characteristics of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and olive mill wastewater (OMW) render the possibility of treating these wastes using the similar treatment method. Generally, biological treatment requires a longer process time compared to physicochemical and thermochemical technologies despite its easy and low-cost operation. Comparatively, physicochemical and thermochemical methods extend their potentiality in converting the agricultural effluents into higher value products more efficiently. This paper reviews the source and characteristics of both POME and OMW. Subsequently, a comparison of the current and alternative treatments for both effluents was done before the future perspectives of both effluents’ treatment are paved based on the well-being of the human, environment, and economic.
    Keywords biological treatment ; environmental hazards ; humans ; oil mill effluents ; olive mill wastewater ; population growth ; processing time ; river water
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-08
    Size p. 100377.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2352-1864
    DOI 10.1016/j.eti.2019.100377
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Characterization of Industrial Pt-Sn/Al2O3 Catalyst and Transient Product Formations during Propane Dehydrogenation

    Kah Sing Ho / Joanna Jo Ean Chye / Sim Yee Chin / Chin Kui Cheng

    Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 77-

    2013  Volume 82

    Abstract: The major problem plaguing propane dehydrogenation process is the coke formation on the Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst which leads to catalyst deactivation. Due to information paucity, the physicochemical characteristics of the commercially obtained regenerated Pt- ...

    Abstract The major problem plaguing propane dehydrogenation process is the coke formation on the Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst which leads to catalyst deactivation. Due to information paucity, the physicochemical characteristics of the commercially obtained regenerated Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst (operated in moving bed reactor) and coke formation at different temperatures of reaction were discussed. The physicochemical characterization of regenerated catalyst gave a BET surface area of 104.0 m2/g with graphitic carbon content of 8.0% indicative of incomplete carbon gasification during the industrial propylene production. Effect of temperatures on coke formation was identified by studying the product yield via temperature-programmed reaction carried out at 500oC, 600oC and 700oC. It was found that ethylene was precursor to carbon laydown while propylene tends to crack into methane. Post reaction, the spent catalyst possessed relatively lower surface area and pore radius whilst exhibited higher carbon content (31.80% at 700oC) compared to the regenerated catalyst. Significantly, current studies also found that higher reaction temperatures favoured the coke formation. Consequently, the propylene yield has decreased with reaction temperature. © 2013 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved Received: 10th March 2013; Revised: 28th April 2013; Accepted: 6th May 2013 [ How to Cite : Kah, S.H., Joanna Jo, E.C., Sim, Y.C., Chin, K.C. (2013). Characterization of Industrial Pt-Sn/Al2O3 Catalyst and Transient Product Formations during Propane Dehydrogenation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 8 (1): 77-82. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4569.77-82)] [ Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4569.77-82 ] | View in |
    Keywords Carbon formation ; Industrial Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst ; Propane dehydrogenation ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q ; Chemical engineering ; TP155-156
    Subject code 660
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Diponegoro University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Syngas production from glycerol-dry(CO2) reforming over La-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalyst

    Siew, Kah Weng / Chin Kui Cheng / Hua Chyn Lee / Jolius Gimbun / Maksudur R. Khan / Sim Yee Chin / Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap

    Renewable energy. 2015 Feb., v. 74

    2015  

    Abstract: A 3 wt% La-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared via wet co-impregnation technique and physicochemically-characterized. Lanthanum was responsible for better metal dispersion; hence higher BET specific surface area (96.0 m2 g−1) as compared to the ... ...

    Abstract A 3 wt% La-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared via wet co-impregnation technique and physicochemically-characterized. Lanthanum was responsible for better metal dispersion; hence higher BET specific surface area (96.0 m2 g−1) as compared to the unpromoted Ni/Al2O3 catalyst (85.0 m2 g−1). In addition, the La-promoted catalyst possessed finer crystallite size (9.1 nm) whilst the unpromoted catalyst measured 12.8 nm. Subsequently, glycerol dry reforming was performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 923 to 1123 K employing CO2-to-glycerol ratio from zero to five. Significantly, the reaction results have yielded syngas as main gaseous products with H2:CO ratios always below than 2.0 with concomitant maximum 96% glycerol conversion obtained at the CO2-to-glycerol ratio of 1.67. In addition, the glycerol consumption rate can be adequately captured using power law modelling with the order of reactions equal 0.72 and 0.14 with respect to glycerol and CO2 whilst the activation energy was 35.0 kJ mol−1. A 72 h longevity run moreover revealed that the catalyst gave a stable catalytic performance.
    Keywords activation energy ; atmospheric pressure ; carbon dioxide ; catalysts ; catalytic activity ; crystallites ; glycerol ; lanthanum ; mathematical models ; surface area ; synthesis gas ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-02
    Size p. 441-447.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2001449-1
    ISSN 0960-1481
    ISSN 0960-1481
    DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.048
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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