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  1. Article ; Online: Factors associated with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Dakar, Senegal, 2010-2016

    Mbouna Ndiaye / Pauline Kiswendsida Yanogo / Bernard Sawadogo / Fadima Diallo / Simon Antara / Nicolas Meda

    Journal of Public Health in Africa, Vol 10, Iss

    2020  Volume 2

    Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a major obstacle towards successful TB treatment and control. In Dakar, MDR-TB management began in 2010 with the strengthening of diagnostic resources. The ... ...

    Abstract According to the World Health Organization, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a major obstacle towards successful TB treatment and control. In Dakar, MDR-TB management began in 2010 with the strengthening of diagnostic resources. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Dakar between 2010 and 2016. We conducted a case-control study from January 10 to February 28, 2017 in tuberculosis centers in Dakar. of 169 cases and 507 controls. We used logistic regression with Epi-info version 7.2.1. to estimate the odds ratios of association. Factors significantly associated with MDR-TB were: residing in a periurban area (ORa=1.8; 95% CI (1.5-4.9); p=0.024), presence of MDR-TB in the entourage of patient (ORa=7.0; 95% CI (6.1-9.5); p=0.002), previous treatment failure (ORa=29.5; 95% CI (27.3-30.1); p=0.000), treatment not directly observed by a health care provider (ORa=4.3; 95% CI (4.1-7,2); p=0.000) and irregularity of treatment (ORa=1.7; 95% CI (0.5-5.4); p=0.037). Focusing interventions on population at-risk will prevent MDR-TB.
    Keywords multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ; factors ; Dakar ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PAGEPress Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Time and risk factors for death among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Health District of commune VI of Bamako, Mali, 2016

    Yaya Ballayira / Pauline Kiswendsida Yanogo / Bakary Konaté / Fadima Diallo / Bernard Sawadogo / Simon Antara / Nicolas Méda

    BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 7

    Abstract: Abstract Background The End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy aims to achieve 90% reduction of deaths due to TB by 2030, compared with 2015. Mortality due to tuberculosis in Mali was 13 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2014 and 11 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017. ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy aims to achieve 90% reduction of deaths due to TB by 2030, compared with 2015. Mortality due to tuberculosis in Mali was 13 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2014 and 11 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017. Risk factors for death are not known. The objective of this study was to determine the time and risk factors for death in pulmonary TB patients with positive microscopy. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study from October to December 2016 in Commune VI of Bamako. Smear positive cases pulmonary tuberculosis from 2011 to 2015 were included. We reviewed the treatment registers and collected sociodemographic, clinical, biological and therapeutic data. Median time to death and hazard ratio (HR) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox regression model, respectively. Results In total, we analysed 1362 smear positive cases of pulmonary TB including 104 (8%) HIV positive and 90 (7%) deaths. The mean age was 36 ± 13 years, the sex ratio of males to females was 2:1. Among the deaths, 48 (53%) occurred during the first 2 months of treatment. Age ≥ 45 years (HR 2.09 95% CI [1.35–3.23]), weight < 40 kg (HR 2.20 95% CI [1.89–5.42]), HIV unknown status (HR 1.96, 95% CI [1.04–3.67]) and HIV-positive (HR 7.10 95% CI [3.53–14.26]) were significantly associated with death. Conclusions The median time to death was 2 months from the start of treatment. Independent risk factors for death were age ≥ 45 years, weight < 40 kg, unknown and positive HIV status. We recommend close monitoring of patients over 45 years, HIV testing in those with unknown status, an adequate care for positive HIV status, as well as a nutritional support for those with weight below 40 kg during the intensive phase of TB treatment.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The role of Namibia Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme in strengthening the public health workforce in Namibia, 2012–2019

    Dimitri Prybylski / Kofi Mensah Nyarko / Leigh Ann Miller / Andrew L Baughman / Puumue Katjiuanjo / Michele Evering-Watley / Simon Antara / Penehafo Angula / Honore K Mitonga / Eric J Dziuban / Emmy-Else Ndevaetela

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 6, Iss

    2021  Volume 4

    Abstract: Namibia faces a critical shortage of skilled public health workers to perform emergency response operations, preparedness activities and real-time surveillance. The Namibia Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NamFELTP) increases the ... ...

    Abstract Namibia faces a critical shortage of skilled public health workers to perform emergency response operations, preparedness activities and real-time surveillance. The Namibia Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NamFELTP) increases the number of skilled public health professionals and strengthens the public health system in Namibia. We describe the NamFELTP during its first 7 years, assess its impact on the public health workforce and provide recommendations to further strengthen the workforce. We reviewed disease outbreak investigations and response reports, field projects and epidemiological investigations conducted during 2012–2019. The data were analysed using descriptive methods such as frequencies and rates. Maps representing the geographical distribution of NamFELTP workforce were produced using QGIS software V.3.2. There were no formally trained field epidemiologists working in Namibia before the NamFELTP. In its 7 years of operation, the programme graduated 189 field epidemiologists, of which 28 have completed the Advanced FELTP. The graduates increased epidemiological capacity for surveillance and response in Namibia at the national and provincial levels, and enhanced epidemiologist-led outbreak responses on 35 occasions, including responses to outbreaks of human and zoonotic diseases. Trainees analysed data from 51 surveillance systems and completed 31 epidemiological studies. The NamFELTP improved outcomes in the Namibia’s public health systems; including functional and robust public health surveillance systems that timely and effectively respond to public health emergencies. However, the current epidemiological capacity is insufficient and there is a need to continue training and mentorship to fill key leadership and strategic roles in the public health system.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus outbreak and response--Rwanda, October, 2009-May, 2010.

    Justin Wane / Thierry Nyatanyi / Richard Nkunda / Joseph Rukelibuga / Zara Ahmed / Caitlin Biedron / Adeline Kabeja / Marie Aimée Muhimpundu / Alice Kabanda / Simon Antara / Olivier Briet / Jean Baptiste Koama / André Rusanganwa / Odette Mukabayire / Corine Karema / Pratima Raghunathan / David Lowrance

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 6, p e

    2012  Volume 31572

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: In October 2009, the first case of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) was confirmed in Kigali, Rwanda and countrywide dissemination occurred within several weeks. We describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this epidemic. ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: In October 2009, the first case of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) was confirmed in Kigali, Rwanda and countrywide dissemination occurred within several weeks. We describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this epidemic. METHODS: From October 2009 through May 2010, we undertook epidemiologic investigations and response to pH1N1. Respiratory specimens were collected from all patients meeting the WHO case definition for pH1N1, which were tested using CDC's real time RT-PCR protocol at the Rwandan National Reference Laboratory (NRL). Following documented viral transmission in the community, testing focused on clinically severe and high-risk group suspect cases. RESULTS: From October 9, 2009 through May 31, 2010, NRL tested 2,045 specimens. In total, 26% (n = 532) of specimens tested influenza positive; of these 96% (n = 510) were influenza A and 4% (n = 22) were influenza B. Of cases testing influenza A positive, 96.8% (n = 494), 3% (n = 15), and 0.2% (n = 1) were A(H1N1)pdm09, Seasonal A(H3) and Seasonal A(non-subtyped), respectively. Among laboratory-confirmed cases, 263 (53.2%) were children <15 years and 275 (52%) were female. In total, 58 (12%) cases were hospitalized with mean duration of hospitalization of 5 days (Range: 2-15 days). All cases recovered and there were no deaths. Overall, 339 (68%) confirmed cases received oseltamivir in any setting. Among all positive cases, 26.9% (143/532) were among groups known to be at high risk of influenza-associated complications, including age <5 years 23% (122/532), asthma 0.8% (4/532), cardiac disease 1.5% (8/532), pregnancy 0.6% (3/532), diabetes mellitus 0.4% (2/532), and chronic malnutrition 0.8% (4/532). CONCLUSIONS: Rwanda experienced a PH1N1 outbreak which was epidemiologically similar to PH1N1 outbreaks in the region. Unlike seasonal influenza, children <15 years were the most affected by pH1N1. Lessons learned from the outbreak response included the need to strengthen integrated disease surveillance, develop ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010

    Peter Nsubuga / Kenneth Johnson / Christopher Tetteh / Joseph Oundo / Andrew Weathers / James Vaughan / Suzanne Elbon / Mufuta Tshimanga / Faustine Ndugulile / Chima Ohuabunwo / Michele Evering-Watley / Fausta Mosha / Obinna Oleribe / Patrick Nguku / Lora Davis / Nykiconia Preacely / Richard Luce / Simon Antara / Hiari Imara /
    Yassa Ndjakani / Timothy Doyle / Yescenia Espinosa / Ditu Kazambu / Dieula Delissaint / John Ngulefac / Kariuki Njenga

    The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol 10, Iss

    need, the process and prospects

    2011  Volume 24

    Abstract: health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems. ...

    Abstract health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems.
    Keywords Field epidemiology ; laboratory management ; multi-disease surveillance and response systems ; public health workforce capacity building ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Pan African Medical Journal
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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