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Article ; Online: Mild self-declared side effects of boosted darunavir associated with other antiretrovirals in Romanian HIV-1 infected patients

Ruxandra C. MARIN / Adrian STREINU-CERCEL / Simona BUNGAU

Archives of the Balkan Medical Union, Vol 56, Iss 3, Pp 317-

2021 Volume 328

Abstract: Introduction. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, to suppress viral replication and slow disease progression. The side effects of ART, milder or more serious, frequently occur, thus the main ... ...

Abstract	Introduction. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, to suppress viral replication and slow disease progression. The side effects of ART, milder or more serious, frequently occur, thus the main challenge for specialists is to find a balance between the benefits of long-term viremia suppression and the risks of toxicity. The objective of the study was to compare the frequency of mild side effects after administration of a regimen containing darunavir (DRV) boosted with ritonavir (RTV) (DRV/r 600 mg/100 mg, twice daily), vs DRV boosted with cobicistat (COBI) (DRV/c – 800 mg/150 mg, once a day) and perform a profile of the patient at risk of developing these types of adverse reactions during ARV treatment. Materials and methods. 462 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: 384 received DRV/r, and 78 DRV/c. This was a retrospective, non-interventional study using the database of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania. The self-declared mild side effects were collected from patients’ medical files and a comparison between the frequency of these in the two groups have been made. The main self-declared mild side effect was statistically correlated with the characteristic parameters of the cohort. Results. The statistical description of the most frequent self-declared mild side effects in the two groups showed that all parameters were found in a greater proportion in DRV/r group than in DRV/c group, with a statistically significant difference of p<0.05. Myalgia and sleep disorders correlate strongly positive (p<0.01) with age, and fatigue correlates strongly positive with age and with number of ARV regimens (p<0.01), and positively with pills’ burden (p<0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrated that ART regimens containing DRV/c have a higher tolerability than those containing DRV/r. They also emphasize the importance of the management of mild self-declared side ...
Keywords	antiretroviral therapy ; darunavir ; ritonavir ; cobicistat ; mild side reactions ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Balkan Medical Union
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Management of Antiretroviral Therapy with Boosted Protease Inhibitors—Darunavir/Ritonavir or Darunavir/Cobicistat

Ruxandra-Cristina Marin / Tapan Behl / Nicoleta Negrut / Simona Bungau

Biomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 313, p

2021 Volume 313

Abstract: A major challenge in the management of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to improve the patient’s adherence, reducing the burden caused by the high number of drugs that compose the treatment regimens for human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) ... ...

Abstract	A major challenge in the management of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to improve the patient’s adherence, reducing the burden caused by the high number of drugs that compose the treatment regimens for human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) patients. Selection of the most appropriate treatment regimen is responsible for therapeutic success and aims to reduce viremia, increase the immune system response capacity, and reduce the incidence rate and intensity of adverse reactions. In general, protease inhibitor (PI) is one of the pillars of regimens, and darunavir (DRV), in particular, is frequently recommended, along with low doses of enzyme inhibitors as cobicistat (COBI) or ritonavir (RTV), by the international guidelines. The potential of clinically significant drug interactions in patients taking COBI or RTV is high due to the potent inhibitory effect on cytochrome CYP 450, which attracts significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of PIs. Regardless of the patient or type of virus, the combined regimens of DRV/COBI or DRV/RTV are available to clinicians, proving their effectiveness, with a major impact on HIV mortality/morbidity. This study presents current information on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, drug interactions, and adverse reactions of DRV; it not only compares the bioavailability, pharmacokinetic parameters, immunological and virological responses, but also the efficacy, advantages, and therapeutic disadvantages of DRV/COBI or DRV/RTV combinations.
Keywords	antiretroviral therapy (ART) ; antiretrovirals (ARVs) ; boosted protease inhibitor (PI) ; darunavir (DRV) ; ritonavir (RTV) ; cobicistat (COBI) ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Natural Products for Chronic Diseases

Syed Shams ul Hassan / Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim / Tapan Behl / Simona Bungau

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 5573, p

A Ray of Hope

2022 Volume 5573

Abstract: This Special Issue includes many high advanced quality papers that focus on natural products with their potent pharmacological potential targeting various areas of diseases [.] ...

Abstract	This Special Issue includes many high advanced quality papers that focus on natural products with their potent pharmacological potential targeting various areas of diseases [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploring the Potential of Therapeutic Agents Targeted towards Mitigating the Events Associated with Amyloid-β Cascade in Alzheimer’s Disease

Tapan Behl / Ishnoor Kaur / Ovidiu Fratila / Roxana Brata / Simona Bungau

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 7443, p

2020 Volume 7443

Abstract: One of the most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), encompasses the loss of cognitive and memory potential, impaired learning, dementia and behavioral defects, and has been prevalent since the 1900s. The accelerating ...

Abstract	One of the most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), encompasses the loss of cognitive and memory potential, impaired learning, dementia and behavioral defects, and has been prevalent since the 1900s. The accelerating occurrence of AD is expected to reach 65.7 million by 2030. The disease results in neural atrophy and disrupted inter-neuronal connections. Amongst multiple AD pathogenesis hypotheses, the amyloid beta (Aβ) cascade is the most relevant and accepted form of the hypothesis, which suggests that Aβ monomers are formed as a result of the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), followed by the conversion of these monomers to toxic oligomers, which in turn develop β-sheets, fibrils and plaques. The review targets the events in the amyloid hypothesis and elaborates suitable therapeutic agents that function by hindering the steps of plaque formation and lowering Aβ levels in the brain. The authors discuss treatment possibilities, including the inhibition of β- and γ-secretase-mediated enzymatic cleavage of APP, the immune response generating active immunotherapy and passive immunotherapeutic approaches targeting monoclonal antibodies towards Aβ aggregates, the removal of amyloid aggregates by the activation of enzymatic pathways or the regulation of Aβ circulation, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-mediated curbed accumulation and the neurotoxic potential of Aβ aggregates, bapineuzumab-mediated vascular permeability alterations, statin-mediated Aβ peptide degradation, the potential role of ibuprofen and the significance of natural drugs and dyes in hindering the amyloid cascade events. Thus, the authors aim to highlight the treatment perspective, targeting the amyloid hypothesis, while simultaneously emphasizing the need to conduct further investigations, in order to provide an opportunity to neurologists to develop novel and reliable treatment therapies for the retardation of AD progression.
Keywords	Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ; amyloid beta (Aβ) cascade ; amyloid precursor protein ; toxic oligomers ; immune response ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Induced Volatile Emissions, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Pigment Content in Juglans regia Leaves Infected with the Erineum-Forming Mite Aceria erinea

Corina Popitanu / Andreea Lupitu / Lucian Copolovici / Simona Bungău / Ülo Niinemets / Dana Maria Copolovici

Forests, Vol 12, Iss 920, p

2021 Volume 920

Abstract: Persian walnut ( Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae), one of the essential nut crops, is affected by different diseases, including mite attacks which result in gall and erineum formation. As the proportion of leaf area covered by mite galls or erineum is ... ...

Abstract	Persian walnut ( Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae), one of the essential nut crops, is affected by different diseases, including mite attacks which result in gall and erineum formation. As the proportion of leaf area covered by mite galls or erineum is typically relatively low, the impact on tree photosynthetic productivity is often considered minor, and no pest control management is usually suggested. However, the effect of erineum-forming mites on walnut photosynthesis might be disproportionately larger than can be predicted from the leaf area impacted. In the present study, we studied how the foliage photosynthetic characteristics, pigment contents, and stress-induced volatile organic compounds scaled with the severity of infection varied from 0% (control trees) to 9.9%, by erineum-forming mite Aceria erinea in J. regia . Both leaf net assimilation rate (up to 75% reduction) and stomatal conductance (up to 82%) decreased disproportionately, increasing infection severity. Leaf total chlorophyll and β-carotene contents also decreased with infection severity, although the reduction was less than for photosynthetic characteristics (28% for chlorophyll and 25% for β-carotene). The infection induced significant emissions of green leaves volatiles (( Z )-3-hexenol, ( E )-2-hexenal, ( Z )-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-hexanol), monoterpenes and the homoterpene 3-( E )-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and these emissions scaled positively with the percentage of leaf area infected. These results collectively indicate that erineum-forming mite infection of walnut leaves results in profound modifications in foliage physiological characteristics that can significantly impact tree photosynthetic productivity.
Keywords	green leaf volatiles ; induced emissions ; monoterpene emission ; photosynthesis ; quantitative responses ; volatile organic compounds ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mechanistic insights into the role of plant polyphenols and their nano-formulations in the management of depression

Atul Kabra / Ruchika Garg / James Brimson / Jelena Živković / Saud Almawash / Muhammad Ayaz / Asif Nawaz / Syed Shams Ul Hassan / Simona Bungau

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol

2022 Volume 13

Abstract: Depression is a condition characterized by low mood and an aversion to activity, that causes behavioral problems, poor quality of life and limits daily life activities. It is considered as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Selective ... ...

Abstract	Depression is a condition characterized by low mood and an aversion to activity, that causes behavioral problems, poor quality of life and limits daily life activities. It is considered as the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), and atypical antidepressants are some of the conventional medications used to treat depression. However, only about half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond effectively to first-line antidepressant therapy. Additionally, there are a number of drawbacks to standard antidepressants, such as anti-cholinergic side effects, drug-drug interactions, and food-drug interactions, which prompts researchers to look at alternative approaches to the treatment of depression. Medicinal plants and their metabolites are extensively tested for their efficacy against depression. Electronic databases such as Google scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder and PubMed were used to search relevant literature on the role of polyphenols in depression. Plants-derived Polyphenols represent a major class of compounds extensively distributed in plants. Number of polyphenols have demonstrated antidepressant activity, among which berberine, piperine, curcumin, naringenin, ascorbic acid and ginsenosides are extensively evaluated. The medicinal plants and their derived compounds mediated synthesized green nanoparticles have also exhibited considerable efficacy in the management of depression. The therapeutic effects of these phytochemicals is mediated via differentiation and inhibition of neuronal cell apoptosis, promotion of neuronal cell survival and modulation of key neurotransmitters. The aim of this study is to review compressively the chemical, pharmacological and neurological evidence showing the potential of polyphenols in depression.
Keywords	antidepressants ; polyphenols ; natural products ; depression ; herbal medicine ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mechanistic Insights Expatiating the Redox-Active-Metal-Mediated Neuronal Degeneration in Parkinson’s Disease

Tapan Behl / Piyush Madaan / Aayush Sehgal / Sukhbir Singh / Md Khalid Anwer / Hafiz A. Makeen / Mohammed Albratty / Syam Mohan / Simona Bungau

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 678, p

2022 Volume 678

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complicated and incapacitating neurodegenerative malady that emanates following the dopaminergic (DArgic) nerve cell deprivation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN-PC). The etiopathogenesis of PD is still abstruse. ... ...

Abstract	Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complicated and incapacitating neurodegenerative malady that emanates following the dopaminergic (DArgic) nerve cell deprivation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN-PC). The etiopathogenesis of PD is still abstruse. Howbeit, PD is hypothesized to be precipitated by an amalgamation of genetic mutations and exposure to environmental toxins. The aggregation of α-synucelin within the Lewy bodies (LBs), escalated oxidative stress (OS), autophagy-lysosome system impairment, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) impairment, mitochondrial abnormality, programmed cell death, and neuroinflammation are regarded as imperative events that actively participate in PD pathogenesis. The central nervous system (CNS) relies heavily on redox-active metals, particularly iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), in order to modulate pivotal operations, for instance, myelin generation, synthesis of neurotransmitters, synaptic signaling, and conveyance of oxygen (O 2 ). The duo, namely, Fe and Cu, following their inordinate exposure, are viable of permeating across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and moving inside the brain, thereby culminating in the escalated OS (through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-reliant pathway), α-synuclein aggregation within the LBs, and lipid peroxidation, which consequently results in the destruction of DArgic nerve cells and facilitates PD emanation. This review delineates the metabolism of Fe and Cu in the CNS, their role and disrupted balance in PD. An in-depth investigation was carried out by utilizing the existing publications obtained from prestigious medical databases employing particular keywords mentioned in the current paper. Moreover, we also focus on decoding the role of metal complexes and chelators in PD treatment. Conclusively, metal chelators hold the aptitude to elicit the scavenging of mobile/fluctuating metal ions, which in turn culminates in the suppression of ROS generation, and thereby prelude the evolution of PD.
Keywords	neurodegenerative malady ; iron ; copper ; oxidative stress ; α-synuclein aggregation ; Parkinson’s disease ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Comprehensive Review of Biological Roles and Interactions of Cullin‑5 Protein

Iqra Bano / Anum Sumera Soomro / Syed Qamar Abbas / Amirhossein Ahmadi / Syed Shams ul Hassan / Tapan Behl / Simona Bungau

ACS Omega, Vol 7, Iss 7, Pp 5615-

2022 Volume 5624

Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The road to precision medicine

Tapan Behl / Ishnoor Kaur / Aayush Sehgal / Sukhbir Singh / Ali Albarrati / Mohammed Albratty / Asim Najmi / Abdulkarim M. Meraya / Simona Bungau

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Vol 153, Iss , Pp 113337- (2022)

Eliminating the “One Size Fits All” approach in Alzheimer’s disease

2022

Abstract: The expeditious advancement of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a threat to the global healthcare system, that is further supplemented by therapeutic failure. The prevalence of this disorder has been expected to quadrupole by 2050, thereby exerting a ... ...

Abstract	The expeditious advancement of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a threat to the global healthcare system, that is further supplemented by therapeutic failure. The prevalence of this disorder has been expected to quadrupole by 2050, thereby exerting a tremendous economic pressure on medical sector, worldwide. Thus, there is a dire need of a change in conventional approaches and adopt a novel methodology of disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis. Precision medicine offers a personalized approach to disease management, It is dependent upon genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with the individual, aiding to develop tailored therapeutics. Precision Medicine Initiatives are launched, worldwide, to facilitate the integration of personalized models and clinical medicine. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neuroinflammatory processes causing AD, giving a brief overview of the disease interventions. This is further followed by the role of precision medicine in AD, constituting the genetic perspectives, operation of personalized form of medicine and optimization of clinical trials with the 3 R’s, showcasing an in-depth understanding of this novel approach in varying aspects of the healthcare industry, to provide an opportunity to the global AD researchers to elucidate suitable therapeutic regimens in clinically and pathologically complex diseases, like AD.
Keywords	Alzheimer’s disease ; Precision medicine ; Personalized ; Neuroinflammatory ; Genetic ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genome-wide Meta-analysis Reveals New Gene Signatures and Potential Drug Targets of Hypertension

Fawad Ali / Arifullah Khan / Syed Aun Muhammad / Syed Qamar Abbas / Syed Shams ul Hassan / Simona Bungau

ACS Omega, Vol 7, Iss 26, Pp 22754-

2022 Volume 22772

Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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