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  1. Article ; Online: Affective dependence, self-regulation, and alcohol problems: Between- and within-person associations.

    Walters, Kyle J / Simons, Jeffrey S

    Emotion (Washington, D.C.)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) 2142–2155

    Abstract: Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) are associated with goal pursuit in addition to dysregulated behavior. Affective dependence (i.e., the correlation between PA and NA) may be a marker for good self-regulation on the one hand (weaker ... ...

    Abstract Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) are associated with goal pursuit in addition to dysregulated behavior. Affective dependence (i.e., the correlation between PA and NA) may be a marker for good self-regulation on the one hand (weaker dependence) and poor self-regulation on the other (stronger dependence). This study sought to elucidate the role of affective dependence as a predictor of goal pursuit and alcohol problems at the within- and between-person levels. Participants were 100 college students aged 18-25 years, who drank alcohol at least moderately, and completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment study regarding affect, academic goal pursuit, idiographic goal pursuit, alcohol use, and alcohol problems. Multilevel time series models were estimated. Consistent with hypotheses, affective dependence predicted more alcohol problems and decreased academic goal pursuit at the within-person level. Importantly, effects on academic goal pursuit included perceived achievement and progress related to academics, as well as time spent studying, an objective marker for academic engagement. Effects were significant controlling for autoregressive effects, lagged residuals of PA and NA, concurrent alcohol use, day of the week, age, gender, and trait affective dependence. Thus, this study provides robust tests of lagged within-person effects of affective dependence. The effect of affective dependence on idiographic goal pursuit was not significant, contrary to hypothesis. Affective dependence was not significantly associated with alcohol problems or goal pursuit at the between-person level. Results suggest that affective dependence is a common factor explaining problems related to alcohol use and psychological functioning more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Alcohol-Related Disorders ; Motivation ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Self-Control ; Affect
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2102391-8
    ISSN 1931-1516 ; 1528-3542
    ISSN (online) 1931-1516
    ISSN 1528-3542
    DOI 10.1037/emo0001246
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Anhedonia and impulsivity in college alcohol use: A path analysis.

    Stamatovich, Sydney N / Simons, Raluca M / Simons, Jeffrey S

    Journal of American college health : J of ACH

    2023  , Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Objective: Alcohol use is a substantial problem among college students and has several negative consequences. The current study examined the associations between anhedonia and alcohol use and related problems : Participants: Six hundred and forty ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Alcohol use is a substantial problem among college students and has several negative consequences. The current study examined the associations between anhedonia and alcohol use and related problems
    Participants: Six hundred and forty college students aged 18-25 were included in the final analysis.
    Method: Data were collected
    Results: Recreational consummatory anhedonia was negatively associated with alcohol use and alcohol-related problems through negative urgency. Recreational consummatory anhedonia also had significant negative associations with alcohol consumption
    Conclusions: This study highlights important associations between anhedonia, impulsivity, and alcohol use and related problems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604907-2
    ISSN 1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
    ISSN (online) 1940-3208
    ISSN 0744-8481
    DOI 10.1080/07448481.2023.2249116
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Risk factors for traumatic bonding and associations with PTSD symptoms: A moderated mediation.

    Shaughnessy, Emma V / Simons, Raluca M / Simons, Jeffrey S / Freeman, Harry

    Child abuse & neglect

    2023  Volume 144, Page(s) 106390

    Abstract: Background: Traumatic bonding, defined as attachment to a perpetrator of intimate partner violence (IPV), offers one explanation as to why many people with abusive romantic partners do not break off these relationships. But what individual-level risk ... ...

    Abstract Background: Traumatic bonding, defined as attachment to a perpetrator of intimate partner violence (IPV), offers one explanation as to why many people with abusive romantic partners do not break off these relationships. But what individual-level risk factors make some victims of IPV more likely than others to develop traumatic bonding toward their partners? What is the nature of the potential association between traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms?
    Participants: A path model tested the potential roles of childhood maltreatment and attachment insecurity as risk factors for traumatic bonding, as well as the potential association between traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms, in a high-risk sample of 354 participants in current abusive relationships.
    Results: As hypothesized, childhood maltreatment and attachment insecurity significantly predicted traumatic bonding over and above the effects of age, gender, and romantic love. In addition, attachment insecurity moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and traumatic bonding, such that at higher levels of attachment insecurity, the association between childhood maltreatment and traumatic bonding was stronger than at mean or lower levels of attachment insecurity. Traumatic bonding was positively associated with PTSD symptoms.
    Conclusions: Overall, the results support the role of childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for both traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms and highlight the importance of attachment insecurity in these associations. This was the first study to examine a complex model of risk factors for traumatic bonding. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 799143-5
    ISSN 1873-7757 ; 0145-2134
    ISSN (online) 1873-7757
    ISSN 0145-2134
    DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106390
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Daily exposure to combat-related cues and posttraumatic stress symptoms among veterans: Moderating effects of peri- and postdeployment experiences.

    Mojallal, Mahsa / Simons, Raluca M / Simons, Jeffrey S / Swaminath, Surabhi

    Journal of traumatic stress

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–68

    Abstract: One of the central symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heightened reactivity to trauma cues. The current study used experience sampling to investigate the associations between exposure to combat-related cues and PTSD symptoms in 93 U.S. ...

    Abstract One of the central symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heightened reactivity to trauma cues. The current study used experience sampling to investigate the associations between exposure to combat-related cues and PTSD symptoms in 93 U.S. veterans who served in support of recent military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. We also examined the effects of peri- and postdeployment factors, including exposure to combat, unit support during deployment, and postdeployment social support on PTSD. Participants completed eight brief random surveys daily for 2 weeks using palmtop computers. The results indicated that more daytime exposure to trauma cues was associated with experiencing more PTSD symptoms at the within-person level, B = 3.18. At the between-person level, combat exposure, B = 4.20, was associated with more PTSD symptoms, whereas unit support, B = -0.89, was associated with experiencing fewer symptoms. At the cross-level interaction, unit support, B = -0.80, moderated the association between trauma cue exposure and PTSD symptom count. Contrary to our hypothesis, postdeployment social support, B = -0.59, was not associated with PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest a functional association between exposure to trauma cues and PTSD symptoms among recent-era U.S. veterans and underscore the importance of unit support during deployment.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Veterans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Cues ; Military Personnel ; Social Support ; Iraq War, 2003-2011 ; Afghan Campaign 2001-
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639478-4
    ISSN 1573-6598 ; 0894-9867
    ISSN (online) 1573-6598
    ISSN 0894-9867
    DOI 10.1002/jts.22991
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Dynamics of parental criticism and emerging adult emotional functioning: Associations with depression.

    Zhu, Joyce Y / Simons, Jeffrey S / Goldstein, Abby L

    Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 8, Page(s) 1451–1461

    Abstract: Perceived parental criticism is an important measure of the family emotional environment, linked to a variety of psychological difficulties in emerging adults (EAs) and traditionally assessed at a single timepoint. Our study is the first to examine ... ...

    Abstract Perceived parental criticism is an important measure of the family emotional environment, linked to a variety of psychological difficulties in emerging adults (EAs) and traditionally assessed at a single timepoint. Our study is the first to examine perceived parental criticism as a dynamic construct that fluctuates and interacts with emerging adult (EA) affect across daily life. EAs (
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Male ; Depression/etiology ; Depression/psychology ; Emotions/physiology ; Anxiety/etiology ; Anxiety/psychology ; Anger ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 619328-6
    ISSN 1939-1293 ; 0893-3200
    ISSN (online) 1939-1293
    ISSN 0893-3200
    DOI 10.1037/fam0001022
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  6. Article ; Online: The role of affect, emotion management, and attentional bias in young adult drinking: An experience sampling study.

    Emery, Noah N / Simons, Jeffrey S

    Psychopharmacology

    2020  Volume 237, Issue 5, Page(s) 1557–1575

    Abstract: Rationale: Coping with negative affect is central to several prominent etiological models of alcohol use. These models posit that alcohol use becomes negatively reinforced due to its ability to alleviate negative affect. However, there have been mixed ... ...

    Abstract Rationale: Coping with negative affect is central to several prominent etiological models of alcohol use. These models posit that alcohol use becomes negatively reinforced due to its ability to alleviate negative affect. However, there have been mixed findings when testing this association at the event-level.
    Objectives: The current experience sampling study sought to clarify this by testing if (1) within-person changes in the perceived difficulty of managing emotional distress is a significant predictor of alcohol consumption, over and above levels negative and positive affect and (2) whether acute changes in affective experiences give rise to increased attentional bias toward alcohol-related cues in the environment and if attentional bias mediates the association between difficulty managing emotions and alcohol consumption. Participants were 92 college students aged 18-25, who drink alcohol at least moderately.
    Methods: Participants completed 28 days of experiencing sampling measures on their mood, difficulty managing emotions, alcohol-related attentional biases, and drinking.
    Results: Findings showed that neither negative affect nor difficult managing emotions had significant effects on alcohol use. However, positive affect exhibited the expected associations with both attentional biases and drinking. State positive affect predicted acute increases in attentional biases and drinking, whereas trait positive affect was inversely associated with trait attentional biases and alcohol use. Alcohol-related attentional biases exhibited significant within-person variance; however, its relationship with drinking was only significant when the constructs were assessed concurrently at night and did not mediate the relationship between affect and alcohol use.
    Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of positive affect in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Psychological/drug effects ; Adaptation, Psychological/physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Affect/drug effects ; Affect/physiology ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Attentional Bias/drug effects ; Attentional Bias/physiology ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Emotions/drug effects ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Students/psychology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-31
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 130601-7
    ISSN 1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
    ISSN (online) 1432-2072
    ISSN 0033-3158
    DOI 10.1007/s00213-020-05480-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Force of Habit: the Role of Routinized, Automatic Behaviors along the Path of Self-Regulation and Alcohol-Related Problems.

    Walters, Kyle J / Simons, Jeffrey S

    International journal of behavioral medicine

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 52–64

    Abstract: Background: Dual-Process models of self-regulation suggest different facets of self-regulation predict adaptive (e.g., academics, exercise) and maladaptive (e.g., drinking) behaviors. Engagement in these behaviors may ultimately result in automatic ... ...

    Abstract Background: Dual-Process models of self-regulation suggest different facets of self-regulation predict adaptive (e.g., academics, exercise) and maladaptive (e.g., drinking) behaviors. Engagement in these behaviors may ultimately result in automatic habits that either promote or inhibit alcohol use and related problems.
    Method: This study tested a structural equation model of relationships between self-regulation constructs, health and drinking habits and automaticity, effortful inhibition, and alcohol problems in a college student sample (N = 405).
    Results: As expected, effortful control was positively associated with health habits, which were positively associated with health automaticity. Automaticity was inversely associated with effortful inhibition. Thus, effortful control was indirectly associated with less effortful inhibition, as hypothesized. Contrary to hypothesis, effortful inhibition was inversely associated with alcohol-related problems, which resulted in a positive indirect association between effortful control and alcohol problems. Reactivity was positively associated with drinking automaticity via drinking habits and positively associated with effortful inhibition and alcohol problems.
    Conclusions: Results indicate effortful control and reactivity exhibit unique associations with health and drinking habits, automaticity, and effortful inhibition. Results suggest a somewhat paradoxical process whereby effortful control achieves its ends via decreased effort to engage in adaptive behaviors. Validity of using self-report and word association measures of automaticity was supported by the observed associations with predictors and outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Exercise ; Female ; Habits ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Male ; Self Report ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1187972-5
    ISSN 1532-7558 ; 1070-5503
    ISSN (online) 1532-7558
    ISSN 1070-5503
    DOI 10.1007/s12529-019-09845-9
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  8. Article ; Online: External validity of analogue sexual risk laboratory data.

    Simons, Jeffrey S / Maisto, Stephen A / Palfai, Tibor P

    Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 174–185

    Abstract: This article presents data on the external validity of an alcohol administration study of sexual decision-making in men who have sex with men (MSM) ages 21-50. Men ( ...

    Abstract This article presents data on the external validity of an alcohol administration study of sexual decision-making in men who have sex with men (MSM) ages 21-50. Men (
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Homosexuality, Male ; Sexual Partners ; Blood Alcohol Content ; Unsafe Sex ; HIV Infections ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Sexual Behavior ; Condoms ; Ethanol ; Risk-Taking
    Chemical Substances Blood Alcohol Content ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1209960-0
    ISSN 1936-2293 ; 1064-1297
    ISSN (online) 1936-2293
    ISSN 1064-1297
    DOI 10.1037/pha0000537
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  9. Article ; Online: The Implicit Sexual Risk Assessment: A Pilot Study of a Novel Behavioral Task.

    Walters, Kyle J / Webb, Michael K / Simons, Jeffrey S

    Archives of sexual behavior

    2021  Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 2921–2929

    Abstract: Risky sexual behaviors are a significant public health concern. Laboratory experiments are necessary to identify causal determinants of risky sexual behavior. However, experiments often rely on analogue sexual risk behavior, assessed by self-reported ... ...

    Abstract Risky sexual behaviors are a significant public health concern. Laboratory experiments are necessary to identify causal determinants of risky sexual behavior. However, experiments often rely on analogue sexual risk behavior, assessed by self-reported intentions in response to a sexual scenario. Using behavioral tasks to assess risk taking may be a valuable addition to self-reported intention outcome measures. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a commonly used measure of general risk-taking. However, BART's associations with sexual risk-taking have been mixed. In this pilot study, we developed a task akin to the BART, the Implicit Sexual Risk Assessment (ISRA), which incorporates sexual stimuli. We hypothesized sexual arousal would increase risk taking on ISRA relative to BART. Using a within-persons experimental design, 79 participants (52% women, mean age = 19.5 (SD = 1.42)) were randomized to condition (i.e., arousal versus neutral) and completed the BART and ISRA tasks. As expected, sexual arousal was associated with increased risk-taking (i.e., adjusted pumps) on ISRA relative to BART. However, this was unexpectedly the result of decreased pumps on BART instead of increased pumps on ISRA. Neither BART nor ISRA were significantly associated with sexual risk behavior or intentions. Null findings are qualified by the fact that sexual arousal was not significantly associated with sexual risk intentions.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Arousal ; Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Risk-Taking ; Self Report ; Sexual Behavior ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 184221-3
    ISSN 1573-2800 ; 0004-0002
    ISSN (online) 1573-2800
    ISSN 0004-0002
    DOI 10.1007/s10508-021-02092-8
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  10. Article ; Online: Discrete emotions and global affect: Applying empirically driven approaches to experience sampling data to model state and trait affective structure and affect-alcohol use associations in a heavy drinking young-adult sample.

    Emery, Noah N / Stanton, Kasey / Baumgardner, Susi / Simons, Jeffrey S / Douglass, Morgan A / Prince, Mark A

    Behaviour research and therapy

    2023  Volume 167, Page(s) 104356

    Abstract: Affective functioning is central to most contemporary models of alcohol use. However, the affective structure at the within- and between-person levels is rarely investigated nor is the differential predictive value of specific affect dimensions assessed ... ...

    Abstract Affective functioning is central to most contemporary models of alcohol use. However, the affective structure at the within- and between-person levels is rarely investigated nor is the differential predictive value of specific affect dimensions assessed across state and trait formats. We examined a) the structure of state and trait affect using experience sampling methodology (ESM) and b) predictive associations between the empirically derived affect facets and alcohol use. Participants were 92 heavy drinking college students aged 18-25 who completed 8 momentary assessments of their affect and drinking a day for 28-days. We found evidence for a single positive affect factor at both the within- (i.e., state) and between-person (i.e., trait) levels. We found a hierarchical factor structure for negative affect, represented by a general, superordinate dimension as well as facet-level sadness, anxiety, and anger dimensions. Associations between affect and alcohol use differed across trait and state levels and across specific types of negative affect. Lagged state positive affect and sadness as well as trait positive affect and sadness were inversely associated with drinking. Lagged state anxiety and trait general negative affect were positively associated with drinking. Thus, our study demonstrates how associations between drinking and affect can be studied in relation to general (e.g., general negative affect) and more specific aspects of affective experiences (e.g., sadness versus anxiety) concurrently within the same study and across trait and state levels of assessment.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Affect ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Emotions ; Anxiety ; Sadness ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 211997-3
    ISSN 1873-622X ; 0005-7967
    ISSN (online) 1873-622X
    ISSN 0005-7967
    DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104356
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