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Article ; Online: Glycitein prevents reserpine-induced depression and associated comorbidities in mice: modulation of lipid peroxidation and TNF-α levels.

Diksha / Singh, Lovedeep

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

2024

Abstract: Depression is a debilitating mood disorder affecting millions worldwide and continues to pose a significant global health burden. Due to the multifaceted nature of depression, the current treatment regimens are not up to mark in terms of their ... ...

Abstract	Depression is a debilitating mood disorder affecting millions worldwide and continues to pose a significant global health burden. Due to the multifaceted nature of depression, the current treatment regimens are not up to mark in terms of their multitargeting potential and least side effect profile. Molecules within the isoflavone class demonstrate promising potential in alleviating depression and associated conditions, offering a multifaceted approach to manage mental health concerns. Therefore, the current study was designed to explore the potential of glycitein, an isoflavone in managing reserpine-induced depression and associated comorbidities in mice. Reserpine (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.) administration for the first 3 days induced depression and associated comorbidities as evidenced by increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), along with reduced locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT) and increased latency to reach the platform in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Reserpine treatment also upregulated and downregulated the brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, respectively. Furthermore, reserpine administration also uplifted the level of TNF-α in the serum samples. Glycitein (3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg; p.o.) treatment for 5 days prevented the depressive effect of reserpine. It also improved the spatial memory at both dose levels. Moreover, in biochemical analysis, glycitein also reduced the brain TBARS and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Whereas, no significant effect was seen on the brain GSH level. Glycitein (6 mg/kg) was found to be more effective than the 3 mg/kg dose of glycitein. Overall results delineate that glycitein has the potential to manage depression and impaired memory by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammatory stress.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121471-8
ISSN	1432-1912 ; 0028-1298
ISSN (online)	1432-1912
ISSN	0028-1298
DOI	10.1007/s00210-024-03007-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nano-emulsion encapsulation for the efficient delivery of bacteriophage therapeutics.

Samananda Singh, Loushambam

Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization

2023 Volume 85, Page(s) 101725

Abstract: Antibiotic resistance has become the major concern for global public health. Phage therapy is being considered as an alternative for antibiotics to treat the multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriophage therapeutic developments has faced many ... ...

Abstract	Antibiotic resistance has become the major concern for global public health. Phage therapy is being considered as an alternative for antibiotics to treat the multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Bacteriophage therapeutic developments has faced many challenges, including the drug formulations for sustainable phage delivery. The nano-emulsion platform has been described as the best approach to retain phage efficacy, shelf life and stability. Encapsulated phage drugs ensure stable delivery of phages to the target site and integrate in the system. In this review, our main focus is on the nano-emulsion encapsulation of bacteriophages and its effects towards the phage therapeutic development.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteriophages ; Phage Therapy ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1017370-5
ISSN	1095-8320 ; 1045-1056
ISSN (online)	1095-8320
ISSN	1045-1056
DOI	10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101725
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Article ; Online: Formulation and Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-based Gel for Dermal Delivery of Linezolid Using Taguchi Design.

Chauhan, Iti / Singh, Lubhan

Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery

2024

Abstract: Background: Linezolid (LNZ) is a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic approved for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Typically, LNZ is administered orally or intravenously in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Linezolid (LNZ) is a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic approved for the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Typically, LNZ is administered orally or intravenously in most cases. However, prolonged therapy is associated with various side effects and life threatening complications. Cutaneous application of LNZ will assist in reducing the dose, hence minimizing the unwanted side/adverse effects associated with oral administration. Dermal delivery provides an alternative route of administration, facilitating a local and sustained concentration of the antimicrobial at the site of infection. Objective: The current research work aimed to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) based gel for dermal delivery of LNZ in the management of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections to maximise its benefits and minimise the side effects. Methods: SLNs were prepared by high-shear homogenisation and ultrasound method using Dynasan 114 as solid lipid and Pluronic F-68 as surfactant. The effect of surfactant concentration, drug-to-lipid ratio, and sonication time was investigated on particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency using the Taguchi design. The main effect plot of means and signal-to-noise ratio were generated to determine the optimized formulation. The optimized batch was formulated into a gel, and ex-vivo permeation study, in-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity were conducted. Results: The optimised process parameters to achieve results were 2% surfactant concentration, a drug-to-lipid ratio of 1:2, and 360 s of sonication time. The optimized batch was 206.3± 0.17nm in size with a surface charge of -24.4± 4.67mV and entrapment efficiency of 80.90 ± 0.45%. SLN-based gel demonstrated anomalous transport with an 85.43% in vitro drug release. The gel showed a 5 cm zone of inhibition while evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Ex-vivo skin permeation studies demonstrated 20.308% drug permeation and 54.96% cutaneous deposition. In-vivo results showed a significant reduction in colony-forming units in the group treated with LNZ SLN-based gel. Conclusion: Ex-vivo studies ascertain the presence of the drug at the desired site and improve therapy. In-vivo results demonstrated the ability of SLN-based gel to significantly reduce the number of bacteria in the stripped infection model. The utilization of SLN as an LNZ carrier holds significant promise in dermal delivery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-4352
ISSN (online)	2772-4352
DOI	10.2174/0127724344280309240103062810
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Role of Prophylactic Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients at High Risk of Extubation Failure.

Singh, Lalit

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2021 Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) 1158–1160

Abstract: How to cite this article: ...

Abstract	How to cite this article:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-14
Publishing country	India
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23692
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of free and immobilized cellulase on chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles for saccharification of sorghum residue.

Punia, Pallavi / Singh, Lakhvinder

Bioprocess and biosystems engineering

2024

Abstract: Enzymatic hydrolysis plays a pivotal role in transforming lignocellulosic biomass. Addressing alternate techniques to optimize the utilization of cellulolytic enzymes is one strategy to improve its efficiency and lower process costs. Cellulases are ... ...

Abstract	Enzymatic hydrolysis plays a pivotal role in transforming lignocellulosic biomass. Addressing alternate techniques to optimize the utilization of cellulolytic enzymes is one strategy to improve its efficiency and lower process costs. Cellulases are highly specific and environmentally benign biocatalysts that break down intricate polysaccharides into simple forms of sugars. In contrast to the most difficult and time-consuming enzyme immobilization processes, in this research, we studied simple, mild, and successful techniques for immobilization of pure cellulase on magnetic nanocomposites using glutaraldehyde as a linker and used in the application of sorghum residue biomass. Fe
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476357-6
ISSN	1615-7605 ; 1432-0797 ; 1615-7591
ISSN (online)	1615-7605 ; 1432-0797
ISSN	1615-7591
DOI	10.1007/s00449-024-03010-7
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Article ; Online: Greater attention to socioeconomic status in developmental research can improve the external validity, generalizability, and replicability of developmental science.

Singh, Leher / Rajendra, Sarah J

Developmental science

2024 , Page(s) e13521

Abstract: Psychological researchers have been criticized for making broad presumptions about human behavior based on limited sampling. In part, presumptive generalizability is reflected in the limited representation of sociodemographic variation in research ... ...

Abstract	Psychological researchers have been criticized for making broad presumptions about human behavior based on limited sampling. In part, presumptive generalizability is reflected in the limited representation of sociodemographic variation in research reports. In this analysis, we examine time-trends in reporting of a key sociodemographic construct relevant to many aspects of child development-socioeconomic status (SES)-across six mainstream developmental journals (Infancy, Child Development, Developmental Science, Developmental Psychology, Infant and Child Development, and Infant Behavior & Development) between 2016 and 2022. Findings point to limited reporting of SES across developmental journals and across time. Reporting rates varied significantly by region and by topic of development. In terms of specific indicators of SES, there was consistent use of income and caregiver education as SES indicators. The epistemic costs of the lack of integration of socio-economic factors in developmental research are addressed. Pathways to greater integration of SES are proposed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We analyzed reporting and representation of socioeconomic status in published studies on early child development. A large proportion of published studies did not report any socio-economic information. Suggestions for greater attention to socioeconomic status are proposed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2023952-X
ISSN	1467-7687 ; 1363-755X
ISSN (online)	1467-7687
ISSN	1363-755X
DOI	10.1111/desc.13521
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Article: Mathematical modeling and optimization for emission parameter so₂ of dual fuel CI engine using mustard stalk

Singh, Lakhwinder

Agricultural science digest. 2022 June, v. 42, no. 3

2022

Abstract: Punjab (India) an agricultural state with twelve major crops sown round the year, produces 14.53 MT as crop residue. This huge quantity of crop residue poses a serious problem of stubble burning in the fields, leading to an alarming level of air ... ...

Abstract	Punjab (India) an agricultural state with twelve major crops sown round the year, produces 14.53 MT as crop residue. This huge quantity of crop residue poses a serious problem of stubble burning in the fields, leading to an alarming level of air pollution across the state, along with a potential loss of fuel usable for power generation. About 1000 MW of electricity can be generated from this crop residue by the proper utilization (Singh et al. 2015). Characteristics of various crop residues were evaluated experimentally and further investigations have been carried out to study the performance of producer gas derived from mustard stalk using a downdraft gasifier in combination with diesel oil in dual fuel diesel engine, where effect of various input parameters such as type of fuel, equivalence ratio and load on engine were studied on emission component SO₂. Results were modeled and optimized through central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) using design of experiments technique to determine the most desirable mode of utilization. It has been found that fixed carbon (40.55%), sulphur (0.367%), moisture contents (6.88%) and nitrogen contents (1.314%) in mustard stalk is almost same as in coal, where as hydrogen (6.124%), oxygen (43.965%), volatile matter (68.93%), gross calorific values (3933 kcal/kg) of mustard stalk are more and ash content (6.65%) is less as compared to corresponding values for coal. In all the three modes of operations, SO₂ increases with increase in load on the engine. ER has no effect in diesel alone mode but in dual modes with increase in ER further increases SO₂ as high temperature producer gas and air along with sulphur enters the engine which further increases the value of SO₂.
Keywords	agricultural sciences ; air ; air pollution ; ash content ; carbon ; coal ; diesel engines ; diesel fuel ; electricity ; hydrogen ; nitrogen ; oxygen ; power generation ; producer gas ; response surface methodology ; stubble ; sulfur ; temperature ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Size	p. 284-289.
Publishing place	Agricultural Research Communication Centre
Document type	Article
ISSN	0976-0547
DOI	10.18805/ag.D-5373
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Hybrid Ensemble for Fake News Detection

Singh, Lovedeep

An attempt

2022

Abstract: Fake News Detection has been a challenging problem in the field of Machine Learning. Researchers have approached it via several techniques using old Statistical Classification models and modern Deep Learning. Today, with the growing amount of data, ... ...

Abstract	Fake News Detection has been a challenging problem in the field of Machine Learning. Researchers have approached it via several techniques using old Statistical Classification models and modern Deep Learning. Today, with the growing amount of data, developments in the field of NLP and ML, and an increase in the computation power at disposal, there are infinite permutations and combinations to approach this problem from a different perspective. In this paper, we try different methods to tackle Fake News, and try to build, and propose the possibilities of a Hybrid Ensemble combining the classical Machine Learning techniques with the modern Deep Learning Approaches
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Publishing date	2022-06-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Automated Kantian Ethics

Singh, Lavanya

A Faithful Implementation

2022

Abstract: As we grant artificial intelligence increasing power and independence in contexts like healthcare, policing, and driving, AI faces moral dilemmas but lacks the tools to solve them. Warnings from regulators, philosophers, and computer scientists about the ...

Abstract	As we grant artificial intelligence increasing power and independence in contexts like healthcare, policing, and driving, AI faces moral dilemmas but lacks the tools to solve them. Warnings from regulators, philosophers, and computer scientists about the dangers of unethical artificial intelligence have spurred interest in automated ethics-i.e., the development of machines that can perform ethical reasoning. However, prior work in automated ethics rarely engages with philosophical literature. Philosophers have spent centuries debating moral dilemmas so automated ethics will be most nuanced, consistent, and reliable when it draws on philosophical literature. In this paper, I present an implementation of automated Kantian ethics that is faithful to the Kantian philosophical tradition. I formalize Kant's categorical imperative in Dyadic Deontic Logic, implement this formalization in the Isabelle theorem prover, and develop a testing framework to evaluate how well my implementation coheres with expected properties of Kantian ethic. My system is an early step towards philosophically mature ethical AI agents and it can make nuanced judgements in complex ethical dilemmas because it is grounded in philosophical literature. Because I use an interactive theorem prover, my system's judgements are explainable. Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, to appear in KI: 45th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
Subject code	170
Publishing date	2022-07-20
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The effect of COVID-19 on the non-COVID health outcomes of crisis-affected peoples: a systematic review.

Thompson, N / Kyaw, K W Y / Singh, L / Cikomola, J C / Singh, N S / Roberts, Bayard

Conflict and health

2024 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 37

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed considerable risks to populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited understanding of how the pandemic may have affected non-COVID health ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed considerable risks to populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited understanding of how the pandemic may have affected non-COVID health outcomes among crisis-affected populations. Our aim was to examine the evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 health outcomes for crisis-affected populations in LMICs. Methods: A systematic review methodology was applied following PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were: crisis-affected populations in LMICS; COVID-19; and all health topics, except for sexual and reproductive health which was covered in a linked review. Five bibliographic databases and additional grey literature sources were searched. The search period was from 2019 to 31 July 2022. Eligible papers were extracted and analysed using a narrative synthesis approach based on the study objectives and relevant health access and systems frameworks. A quality appraisal was also conducted. Findings: 4320 articles were screened, and 15 eligible studies were identified and included in this review. Ten studies collected health outcomes data. Eight related to mental health, which generally showed worse mental health outcomes because of the pandemic, and pandemic-related stressors were identified. Two studies assessed physical health outcomes in children, while none addressed physical health outcomes among adults. Nine studies reported on access to healthcare, revealing worse access levels due to the pandemic and noting key barriers to care. Seven studies reported on the impact on health systems, with key challenges including reduced and distorted health care funding, reduced staff capacity, interrupted medicines and supplies, weak information and mixed-messaging, and weak leadership. All fifteen studies on the social determinants of health, particularly highlighting the effect of increasing poverty, the role of gender, and food insecurity on health outcomes. The quality of papers was limited overall. Conclusion: This review found some limited evidence indicating negative mental health effects, increased barriers to accessing care, damage to health systems and magnified impacts on the social determinants of health for crisis-affected people during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the small number and limited quality of the studies make the overall strength of evidence quite weak.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2273783-2
ISSN	1752-1505
ISSN	1752-1505
DOI	10.1186/s13031-024-00592-7
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