LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 94

Search options

  1. Book ; Online: niksss at HinglishEval

    Singh, Nikhil

    Language-agnostic BERT-based Contextual Embeddings with Catboost for Quality Evaluation of the Low-Resource Synthetically Generated Code-Mixed Hinglish Text

    2022  

    Abstract: This paper describes the system description for the HinglishEval challenge at INLG 2022. The goal of this task was to investigate the factors influencing the quality of the code-mixed text generation system. The task was divided into two subtasks, ... ...

    Abstract This paper describes the system description for the HinglishEval challenge at INLG 2022. The goal of this task was to investigate the factors influencing the quality of the code-mixed text generation system. The task was divided into two subtasks, quality rating prediction and annotators disagreement prediction of the synthetic Hinglish dataset. We attempted to solve these tasks using sentence-level embeddings, which are obtained from mean pooling the contextualized word embeddings for all input tokens in our text. We experimented with various classifiers on top of the embeddings produced for respective tasks. Our best-performing system ranked 1st on subtask B and 3rd on subtask A.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia at high risk of serious infections: Exploring pros and cons.

    Singh, Nikhil / Thursky, Karin / Maron, Gabriela / Wolf, Joshua

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2023  Volume 25 Suppl 1, Page(s) e14152

    Abstract: Background: The use of fluoroquinolones to prevent infections in neutropenic patients with cancer or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a controversial issue, with international guidelines providing conflicting recommendations. ...

    Abstract Background: The use of fluoroquinolones to prevent infections in neutropenic patients with cancer or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a controversial issue, with international guidelines providing conflicting recommendations. Although potential benefits are clear, concerns revolve around efficacy, potential harms, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implications.
    Discussion: Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis reduces neutropenic fever (NF) bloodstream infections and other serious bacterial infections, based on evidence from systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies in adults and children. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis may also reduce infection-related morbidity and healthcare costs; however, evidence is conflicting. Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones are well recognized in the general population; however, studies in the cancer cohort where it is used for a defined period of neutropenia have not reflected this. The largest concern for routine use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis remains AMR, as many, but not all, observational studies have found that fluoroquinolone prophylaxis might increase the risk of AMR, and some studies have suggested negative impacts on patient outcomes as a result.
    Conclusions: The debate surrounding fluoroquinolone prophylaxis calls for individualized risk assessment based on patient characteristics and local AMR patterns, and prophylaxis should be restricted to patients at the highest risk of serious infection during the highest risk periods to ensure that the risk-benefit analysis is in favor of individual and community benefit. More research is needed to address important unanswered questions about fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with cancer or receiving HSCT.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Fluoroquinolones/adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects ; Neutropenia/complications ; Neutropenia/microbiology ; Neoplasms/complications
    Chemical Substances Fluoroquinolones ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.14152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Approach to diagnostic evaluation and prevention of invasive fungal disease in patients prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

    O'Keeffe, Jessica C / Singh, Nikhil / Slavin, Monica A

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2023  Volume 25 Suppl 1, Page(s) e14197

    Abstract: In recent years, advancements in the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, have significantly improved disease prognosis and overall survival. However, the treatment landscape ...

    Abstract In recent years, advancements in the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, have significantly improved disease prognosis and overall survival. However, the treatment landscape is changing and the emergence of targeted oral therapies and immune-based treatments has brought forth new challenges in evaluating and preventing invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). IFD disproportionately affects immunocompromised hosts, particularly those undergoing therapy for acute leukemia and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pretransplant workup, identification, and prevention of IFD in patients with hematological malignancy. The pretransplant period offers a critical window to assess each patient's risk factors and implement appropriate prophylactic measures. Risk assessment includes evaluation of disease, host, prior treatments, and environmental factors, allowing a dynamic evaluation that considers disease progression and treatment course. Diagnostic screening, involving various biomarkers and radiological modalities, plays a crucial role in early detection of IFD. Antifungal prophylaxis choice is based on available evidence as well as individual risk assessment, potential for drug-drug interactions, toxicity, and patient adherence. Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures effective antifungal stewardship and optimal treatment. Patient education and counselling are vital in minimizing environmental exposures to fungal pathogens and promoting medication adherence. A well-structured and individualized approach, encompassing risk assessment, prophylaxis, surveillance, and patient education, is essential for effectively preventing IFD in hematological malignancies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and overall survival.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Mycoses/drug therapy ; Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis ; Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy ; Invasive Fungal Infections/prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; Hematologic Neoplasms/complications
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-21
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.14197
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Skin Cancer: An Insight On Its Association With Aging, Pathogenesis And Treatment Strategies.

    Sharma, Divya / Singh, Nikhil / Srivastava, Shikha

    Current drug research reviews

    2023  

    Abstract: Skin cancer is one of the deadly diseases of the skin characterized by pain and uncontrolled growth of cells. The pathogenesis of skin cancer involves the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the part of the body affected by an accumulation of ... ...

    Abstract Skin cancer is one of the deadly diseases of the skin characterized by pain and uncontrolled growth of cells. The pathogenesis of skin cancer involves the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the part of the body affected by an accumulation of genome variation over the course of a lifetime. The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing all over the world and has been reported more in old-aged persons. Furthermore, aging plays a vital role in promoting malignancy. Cancer necessitates lifelong administration of drugs to maintain the quality of life. The major challenge of treatment is the side effects associated with these drugs. Novel and targeted approaches are now formulated to explore as an alternative measure to treat cancer. The current review summarizes the pathogenesis of cancer and its treatment strategies. These approaches are discussed with regard to the drugs, mechanism of action, causative factors, distribution of cancer, mortality rate, and treatment strategies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-9783
    ISSN (online) 2589-9783
    DOI 10.2174/2589977515666230627154048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Transient complete heart block: a case report of a rare complication of tricuspid valve infective endocarditis.

    Singh, Nikhil / Kalathiya, Rohan J

    European heart journal. Case reports

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 8, Page(s) ytab287

    Abstract: Background: Right-sided tricuspid valve (TV) endocarditis can be difficult to identify and may be under-recognized in the absence of traditional risk factors. While generally identified with aortic valve pathology, infective endocarditis that extends ... ...

    Abstract Background: Right-sided tricuspid valve (TV) endocarditis can be difficult to identify and may be under-recognized in the absence of traditional risk factors. While generally identified with aortic valve pathology, infective endocarditis that extends beyond the leaflets of the TV have been reported to cause conduction disease.
    Case summary: We present the case of a 63-year-old patient who presented with haemodynamically unstable complete heart block requiring temporary venous pacemaker support. Despite the absence of traditional risk factors or significant valvular disease on transthoracic echocardiogram, she was found to be persistently bacteraemic and subsequent transoesophageal echocardiogram identified large vegetation on the septal leaflet of the TV. Conduction disease was noted to reverse with antibiotic therapy and resolution of bacteraemia.
    Discussion: Although rare, right-sided endocarditis involving the triangle of Koch may present with conduction disease due to local inflammation and mechanical compression. Conduction disease associated with right-sided disease appears to be readily reversible with medical therapy and temporary device support may be appropriate in the acute setting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2514-2119
    ISSN (online) 2514-2119
    DOI 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab287
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article ; Online: Antimicrobial use and appropriateness in neutropenic fever: a study of the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey data.

    Singh, Nikhil / Douglas, Abby P / Slavin, Monica A / Haeusler, Gabrielle M / Thursky, Karin A

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    2024  Volume 79, Issue 3, Page(s) 632–640

    Abstract: Background: Neutropenic fever (NF) is a common complication in patients receiving chemotherapy. Judicious antimicrobial use is paramount to minimize morbidity and mortality and to avoid antimicrobial-related harms.: Objectives: To use an Australian ... ...

    Abstract Background: Neutropenic fever (NF) is a common complication in patients receiving chemotherapy. Judicious antimicrobial use is paramount to minimize morbidity and mortality and to avoid antimicrobial-related harms.
    Objectives: To use an Australian national dataset of antimicrobial prescriptions for the treatment of NF to describe antimicrobial use, prescription guideline compliance and appropriateness; and to compare these findings across different healthcare settings and patient demographics. We also aimed to identify trends and practice changes over time.
    Methods: Data were extracted from the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (Hospital NAPS) database from August 2013 to May 2022. Antimicrobial prescriptions with a NF indication were analysed for antimicrobial use, guideline compliance and appropriateness according to the Hospital NAPS methodology. Demographic factors, hospital classifications and disease characteristics were compared.
    Results: A total of 2887 (n = 2441 adults, n = 441 paediatric) NF prescriptions from 254 health facilities were included. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most prescribed antimicrobial. Overall, 87.4% of prescriptions were appropriate. Piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime had the highest appropriateness though incorrect piperacillin-tazobactam dosing was observed. Lower appropriateness was identified for meropenem, vancomycin, and gentamicin prescribing particularly in the private hospital and paediatric cohorts. The most common reasons for inappropriate prescribing were spectrum too broad, incorrect dosing or frequency, and incorrect duration.
    Conclusions: This study provides insights into antimicrobial prescribing practices for NF in Australia. We have identified three key areas for improvement: piperacillin-tazobactam dosing, paediatric NF prescribing and private hospital NF prescribing. Findings from this study will inform the updated Australian and New Zealand consensus guidelines for the management of neutropenic fever in patients with cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Child ; Australia ; Hospitals ; Health Facilities ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents ; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination (157044-21-8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/dkae015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Discharge prescription patterns for antiplatelet and statin therapy following carotid endarterectomy: an analysis of the vascular quality initiative.

    Eppler, Michael / Singh, Nikhil / Ding, Li / Magee, Gregory / Garg, Parveen

    BMJ open

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e071550

    Abstract: Objectives: Despite guidelines endorsing statin and single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) therapy post-carotid endarterectomy (CEA), these medications may be either under or inappropriately prescribed. We determined rates of new statin prescriptions as ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Despite guidelines endorsing statin and single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) therapy post-carotid endarterectomy (CEA), these medications may be either under or inappropriately prescribed. We determined rates of new statin prescriptions as well as change in antiplatelet therapy (APT) regimen at discharge. We identified characteristics associated with these occurrences.
    Design: We performed a retrospective Vascular Quality Initiative registry analysis of more than 125 000 patients who underwent CEA from 2013 to 2021.
    Setting: The Vascular Quality Initiative is a multicentre registry database including academic and community-based hospitals throughout the USA.
    Participants: Patients age≥18 years undergoing CEA with available statin and APT data (preprocedure and postprocedure) were included.
    Primary and secondary outcome measures: We determined overall rates of statin and APT prescription at discharge. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine clinical and demographic characteristics that were mostly associated with new statin prescription or changes in APT regimen at discharge.
    Results: Study participants were predominantly male (61%) and White (90%), with a mean age of 70.6±9.1. 13.1% of participants were not on statin therapy pre-CEA, and 48% of these individuals were newly prescribed one. Statin rates steadily increased throughout the study period: 36.2% in 2013 to 62% in 2021. A higher likelihood of new statin prescription was associated with non-race, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, TIA and a non-elective indication. Older age, female gender, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and prior carotid revascularisation were associated with a lower likelihood of new statin prescription. Nearly all participants were discharged on APT (63% SAPT and 37% dual antiplatelet therapy, DAPT). Among these individuals, 16% were discharged on a regimen that was different from the one on admission (11 947 (10.7%) of patients were upgraded to DAPT and 5813 (5.2%) were downgraded to SAPT).
    Conclusions: Although statin use has substantially improved following CEA, more than half of individuals not on a statin preprocedure remained this way at discharge. In addition, DAPT at discharge was frequent, a quarter of whom were on SAPT preprocedure. Further efforts are needed to improve rates of new statin prescriptions, ensure appropriate APT intensity at discharge and determine how different discharge APT regimens impact outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Patient Discharge ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Prescriptions ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article: A survey on providing customer and public administration based services using AI: chatbot.

    Nirala, Krishna Kumar / Singh, Nikhil Kumar / Purani, Vinay Shivshanker

    Multimedia tools and applications

    2022  Volume 81, Issue 16, Page(s) 22215–22246

    Abstract: A chatbot is emerged as an effective tool to address the user queries in automated, most appropriate and accurate way. Depending upon the complexity of the subject domain, researchers are employing variety of soft-computing techniques to make the chatbot ...

    Abstract A chatbot is emerged as an effective tool to address the user queries in automated, most appropriate and accurate way. Depending upon the complexity of the subject domain, researchers are employing variety of soft-computing techniques to make the chatbot user-friendly. It is observed that chatbots have flooded the globe with wide range of services including ordering foods, suggesting products, advising for insurance policies, providing customer support, giving financial assistance, schedule meetings etc. However, public administration based services wherein chatbot intervention influence the most, is not explored yet. This paper discuses about artificial intelligence based chatbots including their applications, challenges, architecture and models. It also talks about evolution of chatbots starting from Turing Test and Rule-based chatbots to advanced Artificial Intelligence based Chatbots (AI-Chatbots). AI-Chatbots are providing much kind of services, which this paper outlines into two main aspects including customer based services and public administration based services. The purpose of this survey is to understand and explore the possibility of customer & public administration services based chatbot. The survey demonstrates that there exist an immense potential in the AI assisted chatbot system for providing customer services and providing better governance in public administration services.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1479928-5
    ISSN 1573-7721 ; 1380-7501
    ISSN (online) 1573-7721
    ISSN 1380-7501
    DOI 10.1007/s11042-021-11458-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: In Vitro Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Model of Ischemic Stroke: A Proteomics-Driven Systems Biological Perspective.

    Babu, Manju / Singh, Nikhil / Datta, Arnab

    Molecular neurobiology

    2022  Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 2363–2377

    Abstract: Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of brain cells is the commonest in vitro model of ischemic stroke that is used extensively for basic and preclinical stroke research. Protein mass spectrometry is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving ... ...

    Abstract Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of brain cells is the commonest in vitro model of ischemic stroke that is used extensively for basic and preclinical stroke research. Protein mass spectrometry is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving technologies in biomedical research. A systems-level understanding of cell-type-specific responses to oxygen and glucose deprivation without systemic influence is a prerequisite to delineate the response of the neurovascular unit following ischemic stroke. In this systematic review, we summarize the proteomics studies done on different OGD models. These studies have followed an expression or interaction proteomics approach. They have been primarily used to understand the cellular pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury or to assess the efficacy of interventions as potential treatment options. We compile the limitations of OGD model and downstream proteomics experiment. We further show that despite having limitations, several proteins shortlisted as altered in in vitro OGD-proteomics studies showed comparable regulation in ischemic stroke patients. This showcases the translational potential of this approach for therapeutic target and biomarker discovery. We next discuss the approaches that can be adopted for cell-type-specific validation of OGD-proteomics results in the future. Finally, we briefly present the research questions that can be addressed by OGD-proteomics studies using emerging techniques of protein mass spectrometry. We have also created a web resource compiling information from OGD-proteomics studies to facilitate data sharing for community usage. This review intends to encourage preclinical stroke community to adopt a hypothesis-free proteomics approach to understand cell-type-specific responses following ischemic stroke.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Ischemia/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Ischemic Stroke ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism ; Stroke/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 645020-9
    ISSN 1559-1182 ; 0893-7648
    ISSN (online) 1559-1182
    ISSN 0893-7648
    DOI 10.1007/s12035-022-02745-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Book ; Online: STL-Based Synthesis of Feedback Controllers Using Reinforcement Learning

    Singh, Nikhil Kumar / Saha, Indranil

    2022  

    Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has the potential to be used for synthesizing feedback controllers (agents) for various complex systems with unknown dynamics. These systems are expected to satisfy diverse safety and liveness properties best captured ... ...

    Abstract Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has the potential to be used for synthesizing feedback controllers (agents) for various complex systems with unknown dynamics. These systems are expected to satisfy diverse safety and liveness properties best captured using temporal logic. In RL, the reward function plays a crucial role in specifying the desired behaviour of these agents. However, the problem of designing the reward function for an RL agent to satisfy complex temporal logic specifications has received limited attention in the literature. To address this, we provide a systematic way of generating rewards in real-time by using the quantitative semantics of Signal Temporal Logic (STL), a widely used temporal logic to specify the behaviour of cyber-physical systems. We propose a new quantitative semantics for STL having several desirable properties, making it suitable for reward generation. We evaluate our STL-based reinforcement learning mechanism on several complex continuous control benchmarks and compare our STL semantics with those available in the literature in terms of their efficacy in synthesizing the controller agent. Experimental results establish our new semantics to be the most suitable for synthesizing feedback controllers for complex continuous dynamical systems through reinforcement learning.

    Comment: Full version of the paper to be published in AAAI 2023
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-12-02
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    More links

    Kategorien

To top