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Article: A Rare Etiology of Cystic Lung Disease.

Parul / Singh, Pawan K

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e24334

Abstract: Metastases presenting in the form of cystic lung disease are a very rare occurrence. Even rarer is the association of such metastases with primary pancreatic carcinoma. Here we have described the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with a six-month ... ...

Abstract	Metastases presenting in the form of cystic lung disease are a very rare occurrence. Even rarer is the association of such metastases with primary pancreatic carcinoma. Here we have described the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with a six-month history of worsening shortness of breath and dry cough associated with loss of weight and appetite. At the time of admission, his oxygen saturation on room air was found to be 82% and the respiratory rate was 28/minute. Apart from bilateral diffuse coarse crackles, the rest of the physical examination was largely unremarkable. All his blood tests were found to be normal except for raised levels of alkaline phosphatase (268 IU/L). The levels of cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 were also found to be elevated (238.8 IU/ml). CT of the chest and abdomen revealed the presence of multiple cystic lesions with predominance in the lower lobes of the lungs and an enlarged head of pancreas. The patient underwent side-view esophagogastroduodenoscopy and multiple biopsies taken from the lesion in the head of pancreas revealed the presence of multiple atypical cells with glandular formation suggestive of adenocarcinoma. We were not able to directly demonstrate the tumor cells in lung tissue, as the patient was not fit for bronchoscopic procedures due to high oxygen requirements. However, the temporal course of the development of symptoms, and cysts do correlate suggesting metastasis as the etiology of cystic lesions found in his lung.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.24334
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Article: Tocilizumab and COVID-19.

Chaudhry, Dhruva / Singh, Pawan K

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2020 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 741–743

Abstract: The number of cases in COVID-19 pandemic is rising rapidly. There has not been a single effective proven medication for COVID-19 disease. Highest mortality has been reported among subjects who develop acute respiratory disease (ARDS). The ... ...

Abstract	The number of cases in COVID-19 pandemic is rising rapidly. There has not been a single effective proven medication for COVID-19 disease. Highest mortality has been reported among subjects who develop acute respiratory disease (ARDS). The histopathological analysis of lung specimens has given rise to theories that propose the major role of cytokine release syndrome in the development of ARDS. IL-6 has often been found to be raised in subjects having severe disease. Tocilizumab is a selective inhibitor of the IL-6 pathway and has been approved for various rheumatological diseases. Its use in COVID-19 has been evaluated following the success of other immunosuppressive drugs like steroids. The data in support of against its use in COVID19 are lacking. Similarly, the risk of early- and late-onset infections after tocilizumab in COVID-19 remains unknown. The study by Nasa et al. is a valuable addition to the evidence concerning its use. Despite multiple articles, its safety and efficacy in COVID-19 remain unknown. Caution must be used about its timing and role of IL-6 levels for disease monitoring.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-24
Publishing country	India
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23608
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Article: Left Adrenal Gland Sampling Through Transesophageal Bronchoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-B FNA): A New Route and a New Challenge.

Parul / Gupta, Monika / Singh, Pawan K / Govindagoudar, Manjunath B / Mittal, Anindya

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e24571

Abstract: Metastasis to adrenal glands from primary pulmonary carcinoma is quite a common occurrence. In most cases, the diagnosis is made based on an imaging evaluation done because of chronic non-specific pulmonary symptoms. Further evaluation to determine the ... ...

Abstract	Metastasis to adrenal glands from primary pulmonary carcinoma is quite a common occurrence. In most cases, the diagnosis is made based on an imaging evaluation done because of chronic non-specific pulmonary symptoms. Further evaluation to determine the type of carcinoma is done using histopathological evaluation of the primary lung lesion. Here, we have described a case of a 60-year-old man who presented with chest pain and was incidentally detected with a lower lung mass and a bulky left adrenal gland in the upper abdominal cuts on a CT of the thorax. As the evaluation of the fine needle aspiration (FNA) sample from lung lesion couldn't be successfully performed, sampling from the left adrenal gland was attempted under the guidance of conventional endoscopic ultrasound using an endobronchial ultrasound probe (EUS-B). When the technique failed to localise the left adrenal gland, a modification was made and the gland was localised using the spleen as a marker. This case further presented a challenge, when due to the unfolding of rugae, the FNA needle wasn't able to reach up to the left adrenal gland. Further adjustment was made and the maximum depth of the gland from the margin was measured and the needle was fully freed. Multiple jabs were made and sampling was successfully done. Cellblock confirmed the presence of adenocarcinoma of pulmonary origin, positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1). The patient remained stable and did not present with any early or late post-procedural complications. The patient was started on appropriate chemotherapy for the disease. He has received three cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed till now and is doing well.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.24571
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Article ; Online: Review of rituximab in primary CNS lymphoma.

Singh, Pawan K / Pan, Edward

Journal of the neurological sciences

2019 Volume 410, Page(s) 116649

Abstract: Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare intracranial tumor. Several treatment regimens exist, but there is no one established standard of care regimen. This article reviews the effects of the addition of rituximab to induction chemotherapy for PCNSL ... ...

Abstract	Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare intracranial tumor. Several treatment regimens exist, but there is no one established standard of care regimen. This article reviews the effects of the addition of rituximab to induction chemotherapy for PCNSL patients. The addition of rituximab in phase II trials seems to increase the overall response rates (ORR) of PCNSL patients, especially when they receive consolidation therapy after rituximab-based induction chemotherapy regimens. Upfront rituximab added to MBVP chemotherapy did not improve overall survival in PCNSL patients, but it may benefit specific subpopulations of PCNSL patients. This review highlights the potential benefit of rituximab as part of induction chemotherapy with consolidation treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Methotrexate/therapeutic use ; Rituximab/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6) ; Methotrexate (YL5FZ2Y5U1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80160-4
ISSN	1878-5883 ; 0022-510X ; 0374-8642
ISSN (online)	1878-5883
ISSN	0022-510X ; 0374-8642
DOI	10.1016/j.jns.2019.116649
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Article: Managing spot blotch disease in wheat: Conventional to molecular aspects.

Roy, Chandan / He, Xinyao / Gahtyari, Navin C / Mahapatra, Sunita / Singh, Pawan K

Frontiers in plant science

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1098648

Abstract: Spot blotch (SB) caused ... ...

Abstract	Spot blotch (SB) caused by
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1098648
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Article ; Online: Haplotype-tagged SNPs improve genomic prediction accuracy for Fusarium head blight resistance and yield-related traits in wheat.

Alemu, Admas / Batista, Lorena / Singh, Pawan K / Ceplitis, Alf / Chawade, Aakash

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

2023 Volume 136, Issue 4, Page(s) 92

Abstract: Key message: Linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based haplotyping with subsequent SNP tagging improved the genomic prediction accuracy up to 0.07 and 0.092 for Fusarium head blight resistance and spike width, respectively, across six different models. Genomic ... ...

Abstract	Key message: Linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based haplotyping with subsequent SNP tagging improved the genomic prediction accuracy up to 0.07 and 0.092 for Fusarium head blight resistance and spike width, respectively, across six different models. Genomic prediction is a powerful tool to enhance genetic gain in plant breeding. However, the method is accompanied by various complications leading to low prediction accuracy. One of the major challenges arises from the complex dimensionality of marker data. To overcome this issue, we applied two pre-selection methods for SNP markers viz. LD-based haplotype-tagging and GWAS-based trait-linked marker identification. Six different models were tested with preselected SNPs to predict the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of four traits measured in 419 winter wheat genotypes. Ten different sets of haplotype-tagged SNPs were selected by adjusting the level of LD thresholds. In addition, various sets of trait-linked SNPs were identified with different scenarios from the training-test combined and only from the training populations. The BRR and RR-BLUP models developed from haplotype-tagged SNPs had a higher prediction accuracy for FHB and SPW by 0.07 and 0.092, respectively, compared to the corresponding models developed without marker pre-selection. The highest prediction accuracy for SPW and FHB was achieved with tagged SNPs pruned at weak LD thresholds (r
MeSH term(s)	Fusarium ; Haplotypes ; Triticum/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Plant Breeding ; Phenotype ; Genotype ; Genomics/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2170-2
ISSN	1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
ISSN (online)	1432-2242
ISSN	0040-5752
DOI	10.1007/s00122-023-04352-8
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Zs.A 1692: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Exploring GWAS and genomic prediction to improve Septoria tritici blotch resistance in wheat.

Zakieh, Mustafa / Alemu, Admas / Henriksson, Tina / Pareek, Nidhi / Singh, Pawan K / Chawade, Aakash

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 15651

Abstract: Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is a destructive foliar diseases threatening wheat grain yield. Wheat breeding for STB disease resistance has been identified as the most sustainable and environment-friendly approach. In this work, a panel of 316 winter ... ...

Abstract	Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is a destructive foliar diseases threatening wheat grain yield. Wheat breeding for STB disease resistance has been identified as the most sustainable and environment-friendly approach. In this work, a panel of 316 winter wheat breeding lines from a commercial breeding program were evaluated for STB resistance at the seedling stage under controlled conditions followed by genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction (GP). The study revealed a significant genotypic variation for STB seedling resistance, while disease severity scores exhibited a normal frequency distribution. Moreover, we calculated a broad-sense heritability of 0.62 for the trait. Nine single- and multi-locus GWAS models identified 24 marker-trait associations grouped into 20 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for STB seedling-stage resistance. The seven QTLs located on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 5B (two), 7A, and 7D are reported for the first time and could potentially be novel. The GP cross-validation analysis in the RR-BLUP model estimated the genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of STB resistance with a prediction accuracy of 0.49. Meanwhile, the GWAS assisted wRR-BLUP model improved the accuracy to 0.58. The identified QTLs can be used for marker-assisted backcrossing against STB in winter wheat. Moreover, the higher prediction accuracy recorded from the GWAS-assisted GP analysis implies its power to successfully select superior candidate lines based on their GEBVs for STB resistance.
MeSH term(s)	Genome-Wide Association Study ; Triticum/genetics ; Plant Breeding ; Genomics ; Seedlings
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-42856-x
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Article ; Online: Designing of multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii through combined immunoinformatics and protein interaction-based approaches.

Dey, Jyotirmayee / Mahapatra, Soumya Ranjan / Singh, Pawan K / Prabhuswamimath, Samudyata C / Misra, Namrata / Suar, Mrutyunjay

Immunologic research

2023 Volume 71, Issue 4, Page(s) 639–662

Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major pathogenic ESKAPE bacterium, which is responsible for about more than 722,000 cases in a year, globally. Despite the alarming increase in multidrug resistance, a safe and effective vaccine for Acinetobacter ... ...

Abstract	Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major pathogenic ESKAPE bacterium, which is responsible for about more than 722,000 cases in a year, globally. Despite the alarming increase in multidrug resistance, a safe and effective vaccine for Acinetobacter infections is still not available. Hence in the current study, a multiepitope vaccine construct was developed using linear B cell, cytotoxic T cell, and helper T cell epitopes from the antigenic and well-conserved lipopolysaccharide assembly proteins employing systematic immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology strategies. The multi-peptide vaccine was predicted to be highly antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and cover maximum population coverage worldwide. Further, the vaccine construct was modeled along with adjuvant and peptide linkers and validated to achieve a high-quality three-dimensional structure which was subsequently utilized for cytokine prediction, disulfide engineering, and docking analyses with Toll-like receptor (TLR4). Ramachandran plot showed 98.3% of the residues were located in the most favorable and permitted regions, thereby corroborating the feasibility of the modeled vaccine construct. Molecular dynamics simulation for a 100 ns timeframe further confirmed the stability of the binding vaccine-receptor complex. Finally, in silico cloning and codon adaptation were also performed with the pET28a (+) plasmid vector to determine the efficiency of expression and translation of the vaccine. Immune simulation studies demonstrated that the vaccine could trigger both B and T cell responses and can elicit strong primary, secondary, and tertiary immune responses. The designed multi-peptide subunit vaccine would certainly expedite the experimental approach for the development of a vaccine against A. baumannii infection.
MeSH term(s)	Acinetobacter baumannii ; Vaccines, Subunit ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Subunit ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632857-x
ISSN	1559-0755 ; 0257-277X
ISSN (online)	1559-0755
ISSN	0257-277X
DOI	10.1007/s12026-023-09374-4
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Article: Nonsmoker COPD represents a clinically Distinct Phenotype: A Prospective Observational Study.

Rani, Richa / Singh, Pawan K / Govindagoudar, Manjunath B / Gupta, Tarana / Parul / Chaudhry, Dhruva

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

2022 Volume 71, Issue 8, Page(s) 11–12

Abstract: Background: Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) has been characterized as a smoker's disease, which has resulted in the usual exclusion of never-smokers from COPD studies. It is now recognized that never-smokers account for nearly one-fourth of all ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) has been characterized as a smoker's disease, which has resulted in the usual exclusion of never-smokers from COPD studies. It is now recognized that never-smokers account for nearly one-fourth of all COPD cases, and thus airflow limitation in never-smokers needs further evaluation. Our study aims to elucidate the clinical and physiological aspects of COPD in nonsmokers and to compare smokers and nonsmokers with COPD. Materials and methods: A total of 200 naïve sequential patients with COPD were recruited. The severity of airflow limitation in COPD patients was defined as per Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) 2019 criteria, and the severity of breathlessness was assessed by the modified Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale. Data was collected using a patient pro forma, including risk factors for COPD and detailed clinical history. Phenotypic differences along with biomass exposure between never-smokers and smokers were analyzed. Results: Compared to smokers, never-smokers presented at a younger age (55.69 ± 11.5 years; p < 0.001), with a longer duration of dyspnea (5.05 ± 4.96 vs 7.35 ± 6.98 years, p < 0.01). Chest radiographs revealed hyperinflation in a higher number of smokers as compared to never-smokers (82.9 vs 64.6%, p < 0.05). On spirometry evaluation, smokers were found to have significantly poorer lung function [forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) 40.36 ± 17.76%; forced vital capacity (FVC): 58.16 ± 17.02%] as compared to never-smokers (FEV1: 47.1 ± 16.47%; FVC: 67.38 ± 17.02%) with p < 0.05. With respect to severity at presentation, most (45.8%) never-smokers presented with stage 2 COPD as compared to the majority of smokers (46.7%) who presented with stage 3 COPD (p-value of <0.05). Absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and eosinophil proportion in total leucocyte count (TLC) was significantly higher in never-smokers as compared to the smokers (232 ± 204.2 vs 309 ± 238.8, p < 0.05). Risk factor analysis showed mean biomass exposure index was significantly higher in never-smokers as compared to smokers (56.02 vs 6.28; p-value of <0.001). Conclusion: Compared to smokers, COPD in never-smokers presents at a younger age, with a longer duration of dyspnea and higher eosinophil count. Biomass exposure is one of the major contributors to etiologies for COPD in nonsmokers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Non-Smokers ; Phenotype ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis ; Smokers ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-19
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	800766-4
ISSN	0004-5772
ISSN	0004-5772
DOI	10.59556/japi.71.0285
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Article: Perception of healthcare workers towards ethical aspects of responsiveness of COVID 19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study.

Singh, Sukhbir / Govindagoudar, Manjunath B / Chaudhry, Dhruva / Singh, Pawan K / Vashist, Madan G / Chandra, Hem

Journal of family medicine and primary care

2022 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 60–66

Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 has spread all over the world and most of the countries are still grappled with the : Methodology: In order to study the perception of HCW about ethical aspects of COVID-19, a cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary-care- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: COVID-19 has spread all over the world and most of the countries are still grappled with the Methodology: In order to study the perception of HCW about ethical aspects of COVID-19, a cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary-care-teaching hospital. A pretested questionnaire was circulated among the participants on a digital platform. Results: The HCWs were divided over many statements, like if COVID-19 was more hype than reality (45.77% disagreed and 43.25% agreed). 57.44% of participants either agreed or strongly agreed that the treatment of non-COVID-19 cases suffered due to arrangements made for COVID-19 cases. When the responses received against individual statements were compared with various other socio-demographic variables as a denominator, various interesting results were revealed. There was a significant difference of opinion among the participating HCWs ( Conclusion: Differences of the opinions had their relationships to demographic characteristics of the subjects as well as related to perceived knowledge of COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735275-4
ISSN	2278-7135 ; 2249-4863
ISSN (online)	2278-7135
ISSN	2249-4863
DOI	10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_72_21
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