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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Simulating climate change and livelihood security

Singh, Swarnima / Singh, R. B.

a Western Himalayan experience, India

(Advances in geographical and environmental sciences)

2021

Author's details	Swarnima Singh, R.B. Singh
Series title	Advances in geographical and environmental sciences
Keywords	Climatic changes
Subject code	551.6
Language	English
Size	1 online resource (334 pages)
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	Singapore
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
ISBN	981-16-4648-1 ; 981-16-4647-3 ; 978-981-16-4648-5 ; 978-981-16-4647-8
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in Indian women with suspected ovarian cancer.

Singh, Swarnima / Kumar, Uday

Journal of cancer research and therapeutics

2023 Volume 19, Issue Supplement, Page(s) S268–S271

Abstract: Background: "Liquid biopsy," where body fluids are screened for biomarkers, is gathering substantial research. We aimed to examine women with suspected ovarian cancer for the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and study its role in prediction of ...

Abstract	Background: "Liquid biopsy," where body fluids are screened for biomarkers, is gathering substantial research. We aimed to examine women with suspected ovarian cancer for the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and study its role in prediction of chemoresistance and survival. Methods: Magnetic powder labeled monoclonal antibodies for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), mucin 1 cell surface associated, mucin 16 cell surface associated, or carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), were prepared according to the manufacturer's protocol. Expression of three ovarian cancer related genes was detected in CTCs using multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. CTCs and serum CA125 were measured in 100 patients with suspected ovarian cancer. Correlations with clinicopathological parameters and treatment were analyzed. Results: CTCs were detected in 18/70 (25.7%) of women with malignancy compared to 0/30 (0.0%) in those with benign gynecologic diseases (P = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the CTC test for predicting a malignant histology in pelvic masses were 27.7% (95% CI: 16.3%, 37.7%) and 100% (95% CI: 85.8%, 100%), respectively. The number of CTCs correlated with stage of ovarian cancer (P = 0.030). The presence of EpCAM + CTC at primary diagnosis in ovarian cancer was found to be an independent predictor of a poor progression free survival (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.4; P = 0.010), overall survival (HR, 2.6; 95% CI,1.1-5.6; P = 0.019), and resistance to chemotherapy (OR 8.6; 95% CI, 1.8-43.7; P = 0.009). Conclusion: Expression of EpCAM + CTC in ovarian cancer predicts platinum resistance and poor prognosis. This information could be further used in investigating anti-EpCAM-targeted therapies in ovarian cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Chemical Substances	Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2187633-2
ISSN	1998-4138 ; 0973-1482
ISSN (online)	1998-4138
ISSN	0973-1482
DOI	10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_1401_20
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin Ratio and Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19.

Singh, Swarnima / Singh, Kunal

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2022 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 626–631

Abstract: Introduction: We researched blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and their ratio (BAR), and compared them with C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and computed tomography severity scores (CT-SS), to predict in-hospital mortality.: Methods: One-hundred ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: We researched blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and their ratio (BAR), and compared them with C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and computed tomography severity scores (CT-SS), to predict in-hospital mortality. Methods: One-hundred and thirty-one coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) confirmed patients brought to the emergency department (ED) were dispensed to the survivor or non-survivor group, in light of in-hospital mortality. Information on age, gender, complaints, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and outcome were gathered from the patient's record files. Results: The median BUN, mean total protein, mean albumin, median BAR, median creatinine, median CRP, and median D-dimer were recorded. CT-SS were utilized in categorizing the patient as mild, moderate, and severe. In-hospital mortality occurred in 42 (32.06%) patients (non-survivor group) and did not occur in 89 (67.94%) patients (survivor group). The median BUN (mg/dL) and BAR (mg/gm) values were significantly raised in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group [BUN: 23.48 (7.51-62.75) and 20.66 (4.07-74.67), respectively ( Conclusion: The BUN, albumin, and BAR were found to be dependable predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients, with albumin (hypoalbuminemia) performing even better. How to cite this article: Singh S, Singh K. Blood Urea Nitrogen/Albumin Ratio and Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(5):626-631.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24150
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Article ; Online: Square Lattice Formation in a Monodisperse Complex Plasma.

Singh, Swarnima / Bandyopadhyay, P / Kumar, Krishan / Sen, A

Physical review letters

2022 Volume 129, Issue 11, Page(s) 115003

Abstract: We present the first observations of a square lattice formation in a monodisperse complex plasma system, a configurational transition phenomenon that has long been an experimental challenge in the field. The experiments are conducted in a tabletop L- ... ...

Abstract	We present the first observations of a square lattice formation in a monodisperse complex plasma system, a configurational transition phenomenon that has long been an experimental challenge in the field. The experiments are conducted in a tabletop L-shaped dusty plasma experimental device in a dc glow discharge Argon plasma environment. By a careful control of the vertical potential confining the charged particles as well as the strength of the ion wake charge interactions with the dust particles, we are able to steer the system toward a crystalline phase that exhibits a square lattice configuration. The transition occurs when the vertical confinement strength is slightly reduced below a critical value leading to a buckling of the monodisperse hexagonal 2D dust crystal to form a narrowly separated bilayer state (a quasi-2D state). Some theoretical insights into the transition process are provided through molecular dynamics simulations carried out for the parameters relevant to our experiment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.115003
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Article ; Online: Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a compressible dust fluid flow.

Kumar, Krishan / Bandyopadhyay, P / Singh, Swarnima / Dharodi, Vikram S / Sen, A

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3979

Abstract: We report the first experimental observations of a single-mode Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a flowing dusty plasma in which the flow is compressible in nature. The experiments are performed in an inverted [Formula: see text]-shaped dusty plasma ... ...

Abstract	We report the first experimental observations of a single-mode Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a flowing dusty plasma in which the flow is compressible in nature. The experiments are performed in an inverted [Formula: see text]-shaped dusty plasma experimental device in a DC glow discharge Argon plasma environment. A gas pulse valve is installed in the experimental chamber to initiate directional motion to a particular dust layer. The shear generated at the interface of the moving and stationary layers leads to the excitation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability giving rise to a vortex structure at the interface. The growth rate of the instability is seen to decrease with an increase in the gas flow velocity in the valve and the concomitant increase in the compressibility of the dust flow. The shear velocity is further increased by making the stationary layer to flow in an opposite direction. The magnitude of the vorticity is seen to become stronger while the vortex becomes smaller with such an increase of the shear velocity. A molecular dynamics simulation provides good theoretical support to the experimental findings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-30992-3
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Article ; Online: Clinical Significance and Role of TK1, CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 levels in Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancers.

Singh, Swarnima / Kumar, Rakesh / Kumar, Uday / Kumari, Rekha

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

2020 Volume 21, Issue 11, Page(s) 3133–3136

Abstract: To explore the diagnostic value, pre-operative serum thymidine kinase 1(TK1), CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 levels were measured in 106 patients with colorectal carcinoma (53 colon and 53 rectal carcinoma patients) and 53 healthy controls. Sandwich Elisa, ... ...

Abstract	To explore the diagnostic value, pre-operative serum thymidine kinase 1(TK1), CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 levels were measured in 106 patients with colorectal carcinoma (53 colon and 53 rectal carcinoma patients) and 53 healthy controls. Sandwich Elisa, biotin-labeled antibody kit was used for TK1, and other tumor markers were measured using electro-chemiluminescence. Serum TK1 levels were significantly higher in CRC than in healthy controls (p <0.05) and showed significant associations with tumor stage, histopathological grade, lymph node status and metastasis (p <0.01). TK1 showed the highest (0.824-0.862) area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) in comparison to other markers, and the AUC of the panel of combination tests performed even better (0.935-0.952). Significant variation was observed between the single biomarker test and their combination (Z test, p <0.01) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed an adequate model of calibration. The algorithm based on combination of TK1, CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 can improve the diagnostic efficiency in CRC patients. .
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; CA-19-9 Antigen/blood ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/blood ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Thymidine Kinase/blood
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; CA-19-9 Antigen ; CA-72-4 antigen ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Thymidine Kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) ; thymidine kinase 1 (EC 2.7.1.21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01
Publishing country	Thailand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2218955-5
ISSN	2476-762X ; 1513-7368
ISSN (online)	2476-762X
ISSN	1513-7368
DOI	10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.11.3133
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Article ; Online: TIME Is a Great Healer-Targeting Myeloid Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Improve Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Outcomes.

Singh, Swarnima / Zhang, Xiang H F / Rosen, Jeffrey M

Cells

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: The word myeloid is derived from the Greek ... ...

Abstract	The word myeloid is derived from the Greek word
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells10010011
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Article ; Online: Chemotherapy Coupled to Macrophage Inhibition Induces T-cell and B-cell Infiltration and Durable Regression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Cancer research

2022 Volume 82, Issue 12, Page(s) 2281–2297

Abstract: Immunosuppressive elements within the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), can present a barrier to successful antitumor responses by cytolytic T cells. Here we employed preclinical syngeneic p53 null mouse models of triple- ...

Abstract	Immunosuppressive elements within the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), can present a barrier to successful antitumor responses by cytolytic T cells. Here we employed preclinical syngeneic p53 null mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to develop a treatment regimen that harnessed the immunostimulatory effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide coupled with the pharmacologic inhibition of TAMs using either a small-molecule CSF1R inhibitor or an anti-CSF1R antibody. This therapeutic combination was effective in treating several highly aggressive TNBC murine mammary tumor and lung metastasis models. Single-cell RNA sequencing characterized tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes including Th cells and antigen-presenting B cells that were highly enriched in responders to combination therapy. In one model that exhibited long-term posttreatment tumor regression, high-dimensional imaging techniques identified the close spatial localization of B220+/CD86+-activated B cells and CD4+ T cells in tertiary lymphoid structures that were present up to 6 weeks posttreatment. The transcriptional and metabolic heterogeneity of TAMs was also characterized in two closely related claudin-low/mesenchymal subtype tumor models with differential treatment responses. A murine TAM signature derived from the T12 model was highly conserved in human claudin-low breast cancers, and high expression of the TAM signature correlated with reduced overall survival in patients with breast cancer. This TAM signature may help identify human patients with claudin-low breast cancer that will benefit from the combination of cyclophosphamide and anti-CSF1R therapy. These studies illustrate the complexity of the tumor immune microenvironment and highlight different immune responses that result from rational immunotherapy combinations. Significance: Immunostimulatory chemotherapy combined with pharmacologic inhibition of TAMs results in durable treatment responses elicited by Th cells and B cells in claudin-low TNBC models.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Claudins/metabolism ; Claudins/therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	Claudins ; Cyclophosphamide (8N3DW7272P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1432-1
ISSN	1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
ISSN (online)	1538-7445
ISSN	0008-5472
DOI	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3714
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Article: The bone microenvironment invigorates metastatic seeds for further dissemination

Cell. 2021 Apr. 29, v. 184, no. 9

2021

Abstract: Metastasis has been considered as the terminal step of tumor progression. However, recent genomic studies suggest that many metastases are initiated by further spread of other metastases. Nevertheless, the corresponding pre-clinical models are lacking, ... ...

Abstract	Metastasis has been considered as the terminal step of tumor progression. However, recent genomic studies suggest that many metastases are initiated by further spread of other metastases. Nevertheless, the corresponding pre-clinical models are lacking, and underlying mechanisms are elusive. Using several approaches, including parabiosis and an evolving barcode system, we demonstrated that the bone microenvironment facilitates breast and prostate cancer cells to further metastasize and establish multi-organ secondary metastases. We uncovered that this metastasis-promoting effect is driven by epigenetic reprogramming that confers stem cell-like properties on cancer cells disseminated from bone lesions. Furthermore, we discovered that enhanced EZH2 activity mediates the increased stemness and metastasis capacity. The same findings also apply to single cell-derived populations, indicating mechanisms distinct from clonal selection. Taken together, our work revealed an unappreciated role of the bone microenvironment in metastasis evolution and elucidated an epigenomic reprogramming process driving terminal-stage, multi-organ metastases.
Keywords	barcoding ; breasts ; epigenetics ; epigenome ; evolution ; genomics ; metastasis ; neoplasm progression ; prostatic neoplasms
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0429
Size	p. 2471-2486.e20.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The bone microenvironment invigorates metastatic seeds for further dissemination.

Cell

2021 Volume 184, Issue 9, Page(s) 2471–2486.e20

Abstract	Metastasis has been considered as the terminal step of tumor progression. However, recent genomic studies suggest that many metastases are initiated by further spread of other metastases. Nevertheless, the corresponding pre-clinical models are lacking, and underlying mechanisms are elusive. Using several approaches, including parabiosis and an evolving barcode system, we demonstrated that the bone microenvironment facilitates breast and prostate cancer cells to further metastasize and establish multi-organ secondary metastases. We uncovered that this metastasis-promoting effect is driven by epigenetic reprogramming that confers stem cell-like properties on cancer cells disseminated from bone lesions. Furthermore, we discovered that enhanced EZH2 activity mediates the increased stemness and metastasis capacity. The same findings also apply to single cell-derived populations, indicating mechanisms distinct from clonal selection. Taken together, our work revealed an unappreciated role of the bone microenvironment in metastasis evolution and elucidated an epigenomic reprogramming process driving terminal-stage, multi-organ metastases.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms/genetics ; Bone Neoplasms/metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	187009-9
ISSN	1097-4172 ; 0092-8674
ISSN (online)	1097-4172
ISSN	0092-8674
DOI	10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.011
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