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Article: The Labyrinthine Journey: Unveiling Obstacles in addressing Mental Health Challenges in Prisons and its Confluence with Medico-Legal and Pharmacological Perspectives.

Roy, Rana Navneet / Kumar, Prashant / Singh, Vijay Kumar / Singh, Deo Narayan

2024 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 225–230

Abstract: This paper delves into the intricate realm of mental health issues within prisons including other correctional facilities, the intersectionality with legal and medical aspects, and the potential of pharmacology as a viable treatment modality. The ... ...

Abstract	This paper delves into the intricate realm of mental health issues within prisons including other correctional facilities, the intersectionality with legal and medical aspects, and the potential of pharmacology as a viable treatment modality. The prevalence and diverse array of mental disorders among incarcerated individuals are thoroughly examined, underscoring the imperative for all-encompassing interventions. The legal structure, hurdles encountered in delivering mental healthcare, and the indispensability of interdisciplinary cooperation are scrutinized. Furthermore, the effectiveness and moral implications of pharmaceutical interventions in correctional environments are deliberated upon. Conclusive suggestions are put forth to enhance mental healthcare provisions in prisons. The research paper endeavors to penetrate the labyrinthine complexities of mental health predicaments within correctional institutions, with a specific emphasis on the convergence of medico-legal facets and the plausible impact of pharmacological interventions. The study strives to elucidate the intricate nature of mental health challenges among incarcerated populations, considering the intricate interplay of socio-cultural, environmental, and psychological factors that contribute to their pervasiveness. By delving into these interconnected dimensions, the research aims to unlock prospective remedies capable of efficaciously meeting the mental health requisites of incarcerated individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prisons ; Mental Health ; Prospective Studies ; Prisoners/psychology ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1402694-6
ISSN	0946-5448
ISSN	0946-5448
DOI	10.5935/0946-5448.20230034
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Article ; Online: Utilization of Chemometric-Aided UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Concurrent Assessment of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Elvitegravir, and Cobicistat in Tablet Formulation.

Singh, Veena Devi / Singh, Vijay Kumar / Daharwal, Sanjay J

Journal of AOAC International

2023 Volume 106, Issue 6, Page(s) 1673–1681

Abstract: Background: Emtricitabine (ETC), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TNF), elvitegravir (EVG), and cobicistat (CBS) are antiviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.: Objective: To develop chemometric-aided UV ... ...

Abstract	Background: Emtricitabine (ETC), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TNF), elvitegravir (EVG), and cobicistat (CBS) are antiviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Objective: To develop chemometric-aided UV spectrophotometric methods for concurrent estimation of the aforementioned drugs used to treat HIV. This method can be used to reduce modification of the calibration model by assessing the absorbance at various points in the zero-order spectra within the selected wavelength range. Additionally, it eliminates interfering signals and provides sufficient resolution in multi-component systems. Methods: Two chemometric-assisted UV spectrophotometric methods, namely, partial least-squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models, were established for the concurrent assessment of EVG, CBS, TNF, and ETC in tablet formulations. The proposed methods were applied to decrease complexity of overlapped spectra and to achieve maximum sensitivity and the lowest error. These approaches were performed in accordance with International Council on Harmonization (ICH) criteria and compared to the reported HPLC method. Results: The proposed methods were used to assess EVG, CBS, TNF, and ETC in the ranges of 5-30, 5-30 , 5-50, and 5-50 µg/mL, respectively, with an excellent correlation coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.998). The accuracy and precision results were found to be within the acceptable limits. No statistical difference was observed between the proposed and reported studies. Conclusion: The chemometric-aided UV spectrophotometric approaches could be considered as alternatives to chromatographic procedures in the pharmaceutical industry for routine analysis and testing of readily accessible commercial formulations. Highlights: Novel chemometric-assisted UV spectrophotometric techniques were developed for assessment of multicomponent antiviral combinations in single-tablet formulations. The proposed methods were performed without using harmful solvents, tedious preparation, or expensive instruments. The proposed methods were compared statistically with a reported HPLC method. Assessment of EVG, CBS, TNF, and ETC was performed without interference from excipients in their multicomponent formulations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tenofovir/therapeutic use ; Cobicistat/therapeutic use ; Emtricitabine/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Chemometrics ; Adenine/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Tablets
Chemical Substances	Tenofovir (99YXE507IL) ; Cobicistat (LW2E03M5PG) ; Emtricitabine (G70B4ETF4S) ; elvitegravir (4GDQ854U53) ; Anti-HIV Agents ; Adenine (JAC85A2161) ; Drug Combinations ; Tablets
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1103149-9
ISSN	1944-7922 ; 1060-3271
ISSN (online)	1944-7922
ISSN	1060-3271
DOI	10.1093/jaoacint/qsad067
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Article ; Online: Neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents via nanotechnology for treatment of Alzheimer diseases.

Paramanick, Debashish / Singh, Veena Devi / Singh, Vijay Kumar

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society

2022 Volume 351, Page(s) 638–655

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition characterised by cognitive and behavioural dysfunction. The presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB), which prevents medications from entering the brain, makes treating AD difficult. Currently, ... ...

Abstract	Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition characterised by cognitive and behavioural dysfunction. The presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB), which prevents medications from entering the brain, makes treating AD difficult. Currently, existing therapeutic modalities provide symptomatic alleviation while also being unsafe. Phytoconstituents are gaining popularity due to their neuroprotective properties and ability to target many pathogenic pathways involved with AD. However, because to their lower BBB permeability, poor solubility, and low bioavailability, they have failed to reduce disease progression and treat Alzheimer's disease. Nanotechnology is an emerging tool for overcoming these obstacles in brain drug delivery. Thus, the development of phytochemical-loaded nanocarrier systems can reduce these barriers while improving neuroprotective benefits. In this review, we summarised prospective targets, methodologies for brain drug delivery, phytoconstituents, and their nanocarrier system developed for the management and treatment of AD. Researchers looking for an alternate method to treat AD were given new insight by emphasising obstacles and future prospects.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Nanotechnology ; Brain/metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems
Chemical Substances	Neuroprotective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632533-6
ISSN	1873-4995 ; 0168-3659
ISSN (online)	1873-4995
ISSN	0168-3659
DOI	10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.058
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Zs.A 2055: Show issues

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Article: Linking co-expression modules with phenotypes.

Kumar, Rakesh / Ojha, Krishna Kumar / Yadav, Harlokesh Narayan / Singh, Vijay Kumar

Bioinformation

2022 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 438–441

Abstract: The method for quantifying the association between co-expression module and clinical trait of interest requires application of dimensionality reduction to summaries modules as one dimensional (1D) vector. However, these methods are often linked with ... ...

Abstract	The method for quantifying the association between co-expression module and clinical trait of interest requires application of dimensionality reduction to summaries modules as one dimensional (1D) vector. However, these methods are often linked with information loss. The amount of information lost depends upon the percentage of variance captured by the reduced 1D vector. Therefore, it is of interest to describe a method using analysis of rank (AOR) to assess the association between module and clinical trait of interest. This method works with clinical traits represented as binary class labels and can be adopted for clinical traits measured in continuous scale by dividing samples in two groups around median value. Application of the AOR method on test data for muscle gene expression profiles identifies modules significantly associated with diabetes status.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-30
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2203786-X
ISSN	0973-2063
ISSN	0973-2063
DOI	10.6026/97320630018438
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Article: Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), an Active Phenolic Compound of Green Tea, Inhibits Tumor Growth of Head and Neck Cancer Cells by Targeting DNA Hypermethylation.

Agarwal, Anshu / Kansal, Vikash / Farooqi, Humaira / Prasad, Ram / Singh, Vijay Kumar

Biomedicines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: Head and neck cancers are among the deadliest cancers, ranked sixth globally in rates of high mortality and poor patient prognoses. The prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with smoking and excessive alcohol ... ...

Abstract	Head and neck cancers are among the deadliest cancers, ranked sixth globally in rates of high mortality and poor patient prognoses. The prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Despite several advances in diagnostic and interventional methods, the morbidity of subjects with HNSCC has remained unchanged over the last 30 years. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA hypermethylation, are commonly associated with several cancers, including HNSCC. Thus, epigenetic changes are considered promising therapeutic targets for chemoprevention. Here, we investigated the effect of EGCG on DNA hypermethylation and the growth of HNSCC. First, we assessed the expression levels of global DNA methylation in HNSCC cells (FaDu and SCC-1) and observed enhanced methylation levels compared with normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE). Treatment of EGCG to HNSCC cells significantly inhibited global DNA hypermethylation by up to 70-80% after 6 days. Inhibition of DNA hypermethylation in HNSCC cells was confirmed by the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5-mc) into 5-hydroxy methylcytosine (5hmC). DNA methyltransferases regulate DNA methylation. Next, we checked the effect of EGCG on the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and DNMT activity. Treatment of EGCG to HNSCC cells significantly reduced DNMT activity to 60% in SCC-1 and 80% in FaDu cells. The protein levels of DNMT3a and DNMT3b were downregulated in both cell lines after EGCG treatment. EGCG treatment to HNSCC cells reactivated tumor suppressors and caused decreased cell proliferation. Our in vivo study demonstrated that administration of EGCG (0.5%,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines11030789
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Article: Inhibition of miR-214 expression by small molecules alleviates head and neck cancer metastasis by targeting ALCAM/TFAP2 signaling.

Agarwal, Anshu / Kansal, Vikash / Farooqi, Humaira / Prasad, Ram / Singh, Vijay Kumar

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Predominantly, head and neck cancer (HNC) is considered a regional disease and develops in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. In the advanced stage, the HNC spread into distant organs. By the time head and neck cancer diagnosed, ... ...

Abstract	Predominantly, head and neck cancer (HNC) is considered a regional disease and develops in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. In the advanced stage, the HNC spread into distant organs. By the time head and neck cancer diagnosed, the estimated metastasis is occurred in 10-40% cases. The most important vital organs affected by distant metastasis are the lungs, bones, and liver. Despite several advancements in chemotherapies, no significant changes are observed as 5-year survival rate remains the same. Therefore, it is crucial to decipher molecular mechanisms contributing to the metastatic dissemination of head and neck cancer. Here, we tested a novel ALCAM/TFAP2 signaling by targeting multidisciplinary miR-214 expression in head and cancer cells. Our results revealed that HNC cell lines (CAL27, SCC-9, SCC-4, and SCC-25) exhibit higher expression of miR-214 compared with normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Higher expression of miR-214 drives the invasive potential of these cell lines. Down-regulation of miR-214 in CAL27 and SCC-9 cells either using an anti-miR-214 inhibitor (50nM) or a small molecule of green tea (EGCG) inhibited cell invasion. Treating CAL27 and SCC-9 cells with EGCG also reduces ALCAM expression, a key activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, potentially blocking mesenchymal phenotype. Dietary administration of EGCG significantly inhibits distant metastasis of SCC-9 cells into the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Our results also demonstrate that the reduction of miR-214 expression influences in vitro cell movement and extravasation, as evident by reduced CD31 expression, a neovascularization marker. Together, these studies suggest that identifying bioactive molecules that can inhibit distant metastasis regulated by the miRNAs may provide potent interventional approaches and a better understanding of the complex functions of miRNAs and their therapeutic targets for clinical application.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.04.04.535560
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Article: Differentially deregulated microRNAs contribute to ultraviolet radiation-induced photocarcinogenesis through immunomodulation: An-analysis of microRNAs expression profiling.

Agarwal, Anshu / Kansal, Vikash / Farooqi, Humaira / Singh, Vijay Kumar / Prasad, Ram

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules (18-25 nucleotides) that regulate several fundamental biological processes. Emerging evidence has shown more than 1500 miRNAs functions in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, ... ...

Abstract	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules (18-25 nucleotides) that regulate several fundamental biological processes. Emerging evidence has shown more than 1500 miRNAs functions in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune response, DNA damage, and epigenetics alterations. miRNAs are bidirectionally in nature and act as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene through crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells. Although the roles of miRNAs in several cancers are well studied, little is known about ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced skin cancer. Here, we performed a comprehensive screening of 1281 miRNAs in tumor tissues and compared their expression with normal skin. Our results demonstrate that the expression levels of 587 miRNAs were altered in tumor tissues compared to their expression in normal skin. The expression of 337 miRNAs was upregulated from 1.5-12 folds, while the expression of 250 miRNAs was downregulated up to 1.5-10 folds in tumors. Further, intraperitoneal injection of a mimic of down-regulated miR-15b (30nM) and an inhibitor of upregulated miR-133a (20nM) protect UVB-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response. In conclusion, we identified a network of altered miRNAs in tumors that can serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to manage photocarcinogenesis effectively.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.02.24.529976
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Article ; Online: Modulatory role of BV6 and chloroquine on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Ali Beg, Mirza Masroor / Saxena, Alpana / Singh, Vijay Kumar / Akhter, Juheb / Habib, Haroon / Raisuddin, Sheikh

Journal of cancer research and therapeutics

2023 Volume 19, Issue Supplement, Page(s) S0

Abstract: Aims: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the aggressive tumors mostly diagnosed in the advanced stage. Therapeutic failure and drug resistance pose a major problem in NSCLC treatment primarily due to alterations in autophagy and loss of ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the aggressive tumors mostly diagnosed in the advanced stage. Therapeutic failure and drug resistance pose a major problem in NSCLC treatment primarily due to alterations in autophagy and loss of apoptosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the importance of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase mimetic BV6 and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Subjects and methods: Study was conducted on NCI-H23 and NCI-H522 cell lines to evaluate the effect of BV6 and CQ on the transcription and translation level of LC3-II, caspase-3, and caspase-9 genes by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques. Results: In NCI-H23 cell line, BV6 and CQ treatments showed increased mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3, and caspase-9 compared to its untreated counterpart. BV6 and CQ treatments also caused downregulation of LC3-II protein expression compared to its counterpart. In NCI-H522 cell line, BV6 treatment showed a significantly increased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA and protein expression levels whereas BV6 treatment downregulated the expression level of LC3-II protein. A similar pattern was also observed in CQ treatment when compared with the respective controls. Both BV6 and CQ modulated in vitro expression of caspases and LC3-II which have critical regulatory roles in apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that BV6 and CQ could be promising candidates in NSCLC treatment and there is a need to explore them in vivo and in clinical applications.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism ; Chloroquine/pharmacology ; Chloroquine/therapeutic use ; Caspase 3/genetics ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Caspase 9/genetics ; Caspase 9/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis ; Caspases/metabolism ; Autophagy/genetics ; RNA, Messenger
Chemical Substances	Chloroquine (886U3H6UFF) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 9 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-) ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-08
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2187633-2
ISSN	1998-4138 ; 0973-1482
ISSN (online)	1998-4138
ISSN	0973-1482
DOI	10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_816_21
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Article ; Online: Shear bond strengths of bur or Er:YAG laser prepared dentine to composite resin with or without low-level laser conditioning: an in vitro study.

Shakya, Vijay Kumar / Bhattacharjee, Abhisek / Singh, Rajeev Kumar / Yadav, Rakesh Kumar / Singh, Vijay Kumar / Singhai, Atin

Lasers in medical science

2023 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 161

Abstract: This study aims to compare the different modes of cavity preparation while evaluating the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on dentine before bonding in terms of shear bond strength between composite resin and dentine. Fifty human molar teeth were ...

Abstract	This study aims to compare the different modes of cavity preparation while evaluating the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on dentine before bonding in terms of shear bond strength between composite resin and dentine. Fifty human molar teeth were mounted on acrylic blocks and dentine specimen were prepared after which they were randomized into four equal groups. Cavity preparation mode differed in respective groups. After etching, bonding; composite resin was placed and polymerized on the prepared dentine surfaces. The specimens were kept in an environment simulating oral cavity and then shear tested in a universal testing machine. The failure surfaces of the specimen teeth were subjected to SEM micrographic evaluation. The cavity prepared with diamond abrasive points had a higher shearing load at failure that was statistically significantly different from the ones prepared with laser. That with diamond abrasive points followed by LLLT of the cavity surface with Nd:YAG laser had a higher bond strength than the ones prepared with just Er:YAG laser and there was no statistically significant difference between these and the ones prepared with diamond abrasive points alone. SEM analysis of the failure mode in bur-cut dentine showed the presence of a hybrid layer at the interface. Surface conditioning of the same with Nd:YAG laser before etching suggested a recrystallisation of dentine due to the heat produced. Cavity preparation with Er:YAG laser leads to reduced shear bond strength to adhesive restorative materials when compared with that using burs and high-speed handpiece.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; Composite Resins/chemistry ; Dentin ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Diamond/chemistry ; Dental Bonding ; Resin Cements/chemistry ; Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry ; Materials Testing
Chemical Substances	Composite Resins ; Diamond (7782-40-3) ; Resin Cements ; Dentin-Bonding Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632808-8
ISSN	1435-604X ; 0268-8921
ISSN (online)	1435-604X
ISSN	0268-8921
DOI	10.1007/s10103-023-03824-z
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Zs.A 2148: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Comparison of traditional essay questions versus case based modified essay questions in biochemistry.

Bansal, Aastha / Dubey, Abhishek / Singh, Vijay Kumar / Goswami, Binita / Kaushik, Smita

Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

2023 Volume 51, Issue 5, Page(s) 494–498

Abstract: Adult learning involves the analysis and synthesis of knowledge to become competent, which cannot be assessed only by traditional assessment tool and didactic learning methods. Stimulation of higher domains of cognitive learning needs to be inculcated to ...

Abstract	Adult learning involves the analysis and synthesis of knowledge to become competent, which cannot be assessed only by traditional assessment tool and didactic learning methods. Stimulation of higher domains of cognitive learning needs to be inculcated to reach a better understanding of the subject rather than traditional assessment tools that relies primarily on rote learning. So, there is need for an alternative assessment tool. Hence, we conducted a study where we used case-based examination methodology. This study was conducted on 226 Ist year MBBS students in Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi (India). Based on their compiled internal assessment marks according to monthly formative assessment, students were categorized into 3 groups (I: 0-7; II: 8-14; III: 15-20) marks out of 20 marks respectively. Two sets of question papers were set by three examiners, on the same topics carrying 50 marks each. The first set was based on traditional assessment tool (Paper-A) with recall questions and second set on case-based assessment method (Paper-B). Out of 226 students, 146 were males and 80 were females. For all groups, marks (mean ± SD) in Paper B were found to be higher (18.40 ± 4.29, 30.01 ± 4.12, and 40.33 ± 1.15) as compared to paper A (10.88 ± 4.34, 21.96 ± 7.34, and 31.50 ± 6.94) respectively. However, we found that there was significant (p < 0.001) difference in group I & II, whereas with group III, difference was found to be insignificant. Hence, we concluded that students performed better in case-based assessment rather than traditional method due to their direct involvement. Thus, for better memory and deeper learning the subjects can be assessed by case-based assessment method.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Students/psychology ; Biochemistry ; Educational Measurement/methods ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2039717-3
ISSN	1539-3429 ; 1470-8175
ISSN (online)	1539-3429
ISSN	1470-8175
DOI	10.1002/bmb.21756
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