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Article ; Online: Collective and individual interdisciplinarity in a sustainability research group: A social network analysis

Locatelli, Bruno / Vallet, Améline / Tassin, Jacques / Gautier, Denis / Chamaret, Aurélie / Sist, Plinio

Sustain Sci. 2021 Jan., v. 16, no. 1 p.37-52

2021

Abstract: In sustainability science, interdisciplinarity, i.e., the integration of perspectives from different disciplines, is built collectively from interactions among researchers of various disciplines (“collective interdisciplinarity”) but also results from ... ...

Abstract	In sustainability science, interdisciplinarity, i.e., the integration of perspectives from different disciplines, is built collectively from interactions among researchers of various disciplines (“collective interdisciplinarity”) but also results from the fact that researchers have backgrounds in multiple disciplines (“individual interdisciplinarity”). We applied social network analysis tools to analyze how individual interdisciplinarity influences collective interdisciplinarity, using the case of a forest sustainability science group. We hypothesized that researchers with higher individual interdisciplinarity had more interdisciplinary interactions and were interdisciplinary brokers within the group. We first analyzed individual interdisciplinarity using a bipartite network of researchers and disciplines. We then analyzed networks of management, research, and publication interactions among researchers in the research group. This showed how disciplines influenced interactions and how researchers contributed to interdisciplinary interactions and brokerage. Results of the first analysis identified large disciplinary communities in the center of the bipartite network, whereas smaller ones were more distant. The second analysis highlighted disciplinary homophily in interaction networks, as two researchers interacted more if they were from the same disciplinary community. Results also showed that the interactions among researchers were structured not only by disciplinary homophily, but also by other forms of homophily related to location or region of work. The key brokers of interactions across disciplinary communities were distributed across several communities, showing that brokerage was not controlled by the large, dominant communities. Analysis of correlations between individual interdisciplinarity and contributions to collective interdisciplinarity did not support our hypothesis but rather hinted at the alternative hypothesis that researchers with high individual interdisciplinarity interacted less with other disciplinary communities.
Keywords	forests ; social networks ; sustainability science and engineering
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Size	p. 37-52.
Publishing place	Springer Japan
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2260333-5
ISSN	1862-4057 ; 1862-4065
ISSN (online)	1862-4057
ISSN	1862-4065
DOI	10.1007/s11625-020-00860-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Perspectives on the socio-economic challenges and opportunities for tree planting: A case study of Ethiopia

Boissière, Manuel / Atmadja, Stibniati / Guariguata, Manuel R. / Kassa, Habtemariam / Sist, Plinio

Forest ecology and management. 2021 Oct. 01, v. 497

2021

Abstract: We reflect on the socio-economic challenges in designing, implementing and monitoring tree planting activities using a case study of Ethiopia, a country aiming to restore 15 of the 127.7 million hectares (ha) pledged by 31 African countries as of June ... ...

Abstract	We reflect on the socio-economic challenges in designing, implementing and monitoring tree planting activities using a case study of Ethiopia, a country aiming to restore 15 of the 127.7 million hectares (ha) pledged by 31 African countries as of June 2021. Based on a literature review and expert assessments, we describe and analyse the historical context of both deforestation and afforestation and reforestation in Ethiopia. We also assess the extent to which the socio-political environment in Ethiopia enables successful tree planting based on a set of socio-economic drivers known to affect tree planting outcomes. We find that, overall, there is a need to pay more attention to the socio-economic dimension of tree planting, in particular to fully consider both the needs and participation of local communities. We also perceive a high risk of afforestation being misidentified as reforestation; insufficient consideration of local community participation, benefit sharing and land tenure issues; and insufficient marketing for forest products derived from planted and natural forests. We recommend: (i) raising awareness about the risk of confounding afforestation and reforestation, and developing approaches to manage those risks; (ii) promoting bottom-up approaches to tree planting, to complement existing top-down approaches; (iii) assisting local communities in securing long-term rights and benefits over land, in setting objectives and in accessing the means for implementing tree planting; and (v) improving financial returns from tree planting activities while creating opportunities for the private sector.
Keywords	administrative management ; case studies ; community service ; deforestation ; forest ecology ; forests ; land tenure ; private sector ; reforestation ; risk ; socioeconomics ; trees ; Ethiopia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1001
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119488
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Sustainability of Brazilian forest concessions

Sist, Plinio / Piponiot, Camille / Kanashiro, Milton / Pena-Claros, Marielos / Putz, Francis E / Schulze, Mark / Verissimo, Adalberto / Vidal, Edson

Forest ecology and management. 2021 Sept. 15, v. 496

2021

Abstract: In 2006, the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB) started an ambitious program to establish forest concessions so as to provide a legal framework for long-term sustainable timber production in Amazonian forests. Forest concessions in the Brazilian Amazon ... ...

Abstract	In 2006, the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB) started an ambitious program to establish forest concessions so as to provide a legal framework for long-term sustainable timber production in Amazonian forests. Forest concessions in the Brazilian Amazon currently cover only 1.6 million ha (Mha) but we estimate the area of all potential concessions as 35 Mha. This paper assessed the conditions under which the present and potential concession system can ensure an annual production of 11 Mm³. yr⁻¹ to meet the estimated present timber demand. For this we used the volume dynamics with differential equations model (VDDE) calibrated for the Amazon Basin with a Bayesian framework with data from 3500 ha of forest plots monitored for as long as 30 years after selective logging. Predictions of commercial volume recovery rates vary with location.We tested 27 different scenarios by using combinations of initial proportion of commercial volume, logging intensity and cutting cycle length. These scenarios were then applied to the current area of concessions and to the area of all potential concessions (35 Mha). Under current logging regulations and the current concession area (mean logging intensity of 15–20 m³.ha⁻¹, a harvest cycle of 35 years and an initial commercial timber volume proportion of 20%), timber production can be maintained only for a single cutting cycle (35 years). Only the scenario with a logging intensity of 10 m³ha⁻¹ every 60 years with a 90% initial proportion of commercial timber species can be considered as sustainable. Under this scenario, the maximum annual production with the present concession areas is 159,000 m³ (157–159), or less than 2% of the present annual production of 11 Mm³. When considering all potential concession areas (35 Mha), under current rules, the total annual production is 10 Mm³yr⁻¹ (2–17 Mm³yr⁻¹, 95% credibility interval) but is not maintained after the first logging cycle. Under the most sustainable scenario (see above) and a concession area of 35 Mha, the long-term sustainable annual production of timber reaches only 3.4 Mm³yr⁻¹. Based on these results we argue that the concession system will not be able to supply the timber demand without substantial reforms in natural forest management practices and in the wood industry sector. We argue that alternative sources of timber, including plantations linked with forest restoration initiatives, must be promoted.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; administrative management ; basins ; forest ecology ; forest restoration ; forests ; models ; timber production ; wood industry ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0915
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119440
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Sustained timber yield claims, considerations, and tradeoffs for selectively logged forests.

Putz, Francis E / Romero, Claudia / Sist, Plinio / Schwartz, Gustavo / Thompson, Ian / Roopsind, Anand / Ruslandi / Medjibe, Vincent / Ellis, Peter

PNAS nexus

2022 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) pgac102

Abstract: What is meant by sustainability depends on what is sustained and at what level. Sustainable forest management, for example, requires maintenance of a variety of values not the least of which is sustained timber yields (STYs). For the 1 Bha of the world's ...

Abstract	What is meant by sustainability depends on what is sustained and at what level. Sustainable forest management, for example, requires maintenance of a variety of values not the least of which is sustained timber yields (STYs). For the 1 Bha of the world's forests subjected to selective or partial logging, failure to maintain yields can be hidden by regulatory requirements and questionable auditing practices such as increasing the number of commercial species with each harvest, reducing the minimum size at which trees can be harvested and accepting logs of lower quality. For assertions of STY to be credible, clarity is needed about all these issues, as well as about the associated ecological and economic tradeoffs. Lack of clarity about sustainability heightens risks of unsubstantiated claims and unseen losses. STY is possible but often requires cutting cycles that are longer and logging intensities that are lower than prescribed by law, as well as effective use of low-impact logging practices and application of silvicultural treatments to promote timber stock recovery. These departures from business-as-usual practices will lower profit margins but generally benefit biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2752-6542
ISSN (online)	2752-6542
DOI	10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac102
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Toward a forest biomass reference measurement system for remote sensing applications

Labrière, Nicolas / Davies, Stuart J. / Disney, Mathias I. / Duncanson, Laura I. / Herold, Martin / Lewis, Simon L. / Phillips, Oliver L. / Quegan, Shaun / Saatchi, Sassan S. / Schepaschenko, Dmitry G. / Scipal, Klaus / Sist, Plinio / Chave, Jérôme

Global Change Biology. 2023 Feb., v. 29, no. 3 p.827-840

2023

Abstract: Forests contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and uptake, but the extent to which this carbon pool varies in space and time is still poorly known. Several Earth Observation missions have been specifically designed to address this ...

Abstract	Forests contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and uptake, but the extent to which this carbon pool varies in space and time is still poorly known. Several Earth Observation missions have been specifically designed to address this issue, for example, NASA's GEDI, NASA‐ISRO's NISAR and ESA's BIOMASS. Yet, all these missions' products require independent and consistent validation. A permanent, global, in situ, site‐based forest biomass reference measurement system relying on ground data of the highest possible quality is therefore needed. Here, we have assembled a list of almost 200 high‐quality sites through an in‐depth review of the literature and expert knowledge. In this study, we explore how representative these sites are in terms of their coverage of environmental conditions, geographical space and biomass‐related forest structure, compared to those experienced by forests worldwide. This work also aims at identifying which sites are the most representative, and where to invest to improve the representativeness of the proposed system. We show that the environmental coverage of the system does not seem to improve after at least the 175 most representative sites are included, but geographical and structural coverages continue to improve as more sites are added. We highlight the areas of poor environmental, geographical, or structural coverage, including, but not limited to, Canada, the western half of the USA, Mexico, Patagonia, Angola, Zambia, eastern Russia, and tropical and subtropical highlands (e.g. in Colombia, the Himalayas, Borneo, Papua). For the proposed system to succeed, we stress that (1) data must be collected and processed applying the same standards across all countries and continents; (2) system establishment and management must be inclusive and equitable, with careful consideration of working conditions; and (3) training and site partner involvement in downstream activities should be mandatory.
Keywords	Biological Sciences ; Borneo ; Russia ; biomass ; carbon sequestration ; carbon sinks ; climate change ; expert opinion ; forests ; space and time ; Angola ; Argentina ; Canada ; Colombia ; Himalayan region ; Mexico ; Zambia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Size	p. 827-840.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16497
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Relevance of secondary tropical forest for landscape restoration

Ngo Bieng, Marie Ange / Souza Oliveira, Maïri / Roda, Jean-Marc / Boissière, Manuel / Hérault, Bruno / Guizol, Philippe / Villalobos, Roger / Sist, Plinio

Forest ecology and management. 2021 Aug. 01, v. 493

2021

Abstract: Tropical Secondary Forests (SFs) are vulnerable forest systems growing in areas that have been subject to unsustainable human activities leading to deforestation. SFs account for swathes of tropical forest landscapes that have lost their capacity to ... ...

Abstract	Tropical Secondary Forests (SFs) are vulnerable forest systems growing in areas that have been subject to unsustainable human activities leading to deforestation. SFs account for swathes of tropical forest landscapes that have lost their capacity to provide a high level of goods and services. They are also located in highly dynamic and human-pressured landscapes and are vulnerable to natural and human-induced catastrophic events, such as hurricanes or fires. Without appropriate silvicultural management to increase their economic value and restore their ecological functions, they often become degraded and are sometimes cleared for more short-term economically productive activities. Given the increasing demand for tropical timber in recent decades that will continue in the near future, we suggest that active restoration geared towards wood production is an opportunity for SF conservation. Promoting sustainable wood production -i.e. associated with other environmental services- in these disturbed forest ecosystems is also a way to reduce logging pressure on the remaining intact primary tropical forests, indeed, this may be the most important reason to enhance active restoration aimed at wood production in tropical SFs worldwide. Future research in forest ecology and management should produce experimental evidence of enhanced production of wood and ecosystem services in SFs through appropriate silvicultural experimentations.
Keywords	administrative management ; deforestation ; economic valuation ; forest damage ; forest management ; humans ; landscape restoration ; tropical forests ; tropical wood
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0801
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119265
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Use and knowledge of forest plants among the Ribeirinhos, a traditional Amazonian population

Couly, Claire / Sist, Plinio

Agroforestry systems. 2013 June, v. 87, no. 3

2013

Abstract: This study assessed the ethnobotanical use and knowledge of forest plant diversity among the Ribeirinhos, a traditional population of the Brazilian Amazon living in a protected area (Tapajós National Forest, West of Pará), and compared the importance of ... ...

Abstract	This study assessed the ethnobotanical use and knowledge of forest plant diversity among the Ribeirinhos, a traditional population of the Brazilian Amazon living in a protected area (Tapajós National Forest, West of Pará), and compared the importance of forest plants used in their daily activities with the use of cultivated plants (agrobiodiversity) from their home gardens and swidden-fallows. We used two complementary quantitative ethnobotanical methods, based on (i) daily scan observations in 14 families’ homes, and (ii) ethnobotanical inventories of trees, palms and lianas of DBH ≥ 5 cm in 23 plots each of 0.1-ha, set up in three types of forests. Analyses of the ethnobotanical surveys in the plots showed that most forest species (120 out of the 140 inventoried, i.e. 86 %) were acknowledged to be useful by the informants (use value >0) and accounted for 91.2 % of the inventoried individuals measuring DBH ≥ 5 cm. However, daily observations of plant gathering in homes showed that only a few forest species considered ‘useful’ were used daily, whilst species cultivated in gardens and swidden-fallows represented the majority of species used. The Ribeirinhos were also found to know as much about using forest plant diversity, if not more, than other traditional groups from Amazonia or from other tropical regions of South America, including the Amerindians. The article concludes with some recommendations for adapting development practices to local uses of plant diversity in this protected area.
Keywords	American Indians ; biodiversity ; conservation areas ; forest types ; home gardens ; inventories ; lianas ; national forests ; quantitative analysis ; surveys ; trees ; tropics ; Amazonia ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-06
Size	p. 543-554.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	406958-4
ISSN	1572-9680 ; 0167-4366
ISSN (online)	1572-9680
ISSN	0167-4366
DOI	10.1007/s10457-012-9575-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Assessing timber volume recovery after disturbance in tropical forests – A new modelling framework

Piponiot, Camille / Derroire, Géraldine / Descroix, Laurent / Mazzei, Lucas / Rutishauser, Ervan / Sist, Plinio / Hérault, Bruno

Ecological modelling. 2018 Sept. 24, v. 384

2018

Abstract: One third of contemporary tropical forests is designated by national forest services for timber production. Tropical forests are also increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances. However, there is still much uncertainty around the capacity of ... ...

Abstract	One third of contemporary tropical forests is designated by national forest services for timber production. Tropical forests are also increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances. However, there is still much uncertainty around the capacity of tropical forests to recover their timber volume after logging as well as other disturbances such as fires, large blow-downs and extreme droughts, and thus on the long-term sustainability of logging.We developed an original Bayesian hierarchical model of Volume Dynamics with Differential Equations (VDDE) to infer the dynamic of timber volumes as the result of two ecosystem processes: volume gains from tree growth and volume losses from tree mortality. Both processes are expressed as explicit functions of the forest maturity, i.e. the overall successional stage of the forest that primarily depends on the frequency and severity of the disturbances that the forest has undergone. As a case study, the VDDE model was calibrated with data from Paracou, a long-term disturbance experiment in a neotropical forest where over 56 ha of permanent forest plots were logged with different intensities and censused for 31 years. With this model, we could predict timber recovery at Paracou at the end of a cutting cycle depending on the logging intensity, the rotation cycle length, and the proportion of commercial volume.The VDDE modelling framework developed presents three main advantages: (i) it can be calibrated with large tree inventories which are widely available from national forest inventories or logging concession management plans and are easy to measure, both on the field and with remote sensing; (ii) it depends on only a few input parameters, which can be an advantage in tropical regions where data availability is scarce; (iii) the modelling framework is flexible enough to explicitly include the effect of other types of disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic: e.g. blow-downs, fires and climate change) on the forest maturity, and thus to predict future timber provision in the tropics in a context of global changes.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; anthropogenic activities ; case studies ; climate change ; cutting ; differential equation ; drought ; ecosystems ; fires ; forest inventory ; logging ; models ; national forests ; remote sensing ; timber production ; tree growth ; tree mortality ; trees ; tropical forests ; tropics ; uncertainty
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0924
Size	p. 353-369.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	191971-4
ISSN	0304-3800
ISSN	0304-3800
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.05.023
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Toward a forest biomass reference measurement system for remote sensing applications.

Labrière, Nicolas / Davies, Stuart J / Disney, Mathias I / Duncanson, Laura I / Herold, Martin / Lewis, Simon L / Phillips, Oliver L / Quegan, Shaun / Saatchi, Sassan S / Schepaschenko, Dmitry G / Scipal, Klaus / Sist, Plinio / Chave, Jérôme

Global change biology

2022 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 827–840

Abstract	Forests contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and uptake, but the extent to which this carbon pool varies in space and time is still poorly known. Several Earth Observation missions have been specifically designed to address this issue, for example, NASA's GEDI, NASA-ISRO's NISAR and ESA's BIOMASS. Yet, all these missions' products require independent and consistent validation. A permanent, global, in situ, site-based forest biomass reference measurement system relying on ground data of the highest possible quality is therefore needed. Here, we have assembled a list of almost 200 high-quality sites through an in-depth review of the literature and expert knowledge. In this study, we explore how representative these sites are in terms of their coverage of environmental conditions, geographical space and biomass-related forest structure, compared to those experienced by forests worldwide. This work also aims at identifying which sites are the most representative, and where to invest to improve the representativeness of the proposed system. We show that the environmental coverage of the system does not seem to improve after at least the 175 most representative sites are included, but geographical and structural coverages continue to improve as more sites are added. We highlight the areas of poor environmental, geographical, or structural coverage, including, but not limited to, Canada, the western half of the USA, Mexico, Patagonia, Angola, Zambia, eastern Russia, and tropical and subtropical highlands (e.g. in Colombia, the Himalayas, Borneo, Papua). For the proposed system to succeed, we stress that (1) data must be collected and processed applying the same standards across all countries and continents; (2) system establishment and management must be inclusive and equitable, with careful consideration of working conditions; and (3) training and site partner involvement in downstream activities should be mandatory.
MeSH term(s)	Biomass ; Trees ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Forests ; Carbon ; Tropical Climate
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16497
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Article: Assessing the ecological vulnerability of forest landscape to agricultural frontier expansion in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Bourgoin, Clément / Blanc, Lilian / Bourgoin, Jeremy / Dessard, Hélène / Gond, Valéry / Läderach, Peter / Oszwald, Johan / Phan, Trong Van / Reymondin, Louis / Sist, Plinio

ITC journal. 2020 Feb., v. 84

2020

Abstract: Forest conservation in human-dominated tropical landscapes ensures provision of major ecosystem services. However, conservation goals are threatened by growing demands for agricultural products. As the expansion of agricultural frontiers continues to ... ...

Abstract	Forest conservation in human-dominated tropical landscapes ensures provision of major ecosystem services. However, conservation goals are threatened by growing demands for agricultural products. As the expansion of agricultural frontiers continues to exert increasing pressure on forest cover, it is crucial to provide indicators on forest vulnerability to improve our understanding of forest dynamics and prioritize management actions by local decision-makers. The purpose of this study is to develop a rigorous methodological framework to assess forest ecological vulnerability. We aim at evaluating the potential of remote sensing to characterize forest landscape dynamics in spatial and temporal dimensions. We present an innovative method that spatially integrates current landscape mosaic mapping with 45 years of landscape trajectories using Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery. We derive indicators of exposure to cropland expansion, sensitivity linked with forest degradation and fragmentation, and forest capacity to respond based on forest landscape composition in Di Linh district in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We map current forest-agricultural mosaics with high accuracy to assess landscape intensification (kappa index = 0.78). We also map the expansion of the agricultural frontier and highlighted heterogeneous agricultural encroachment on forested areas (kappa index = 0.72-0.93). Finally, we identify degradation and fragmentation trajectories that affect forest cover at different rates and intensity. Combined, these indicators pinpoint hotspots of forest vulnerability. This study provides tailored management responses and levers for action by local decision makers. The accessibility of multi-dimensional remote sensing data and the developed landscape approach open promising perspectives for continuously monitoring agricultural frontiers.
Keywords	agricultural products ; cropland ; decision making ; ecosystem services ; forest conservation ; forest dynamics ; forests ; highlands ; Landsat ; landscapes ; monitoring ; remote sensing ; spatial data ; Vietnam
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2097960-5
ISSN	0303-2434 ; 0303-2434
ISSN (online)	0303-2434
ISSN	0303-2434
DOI	10.1016/j.jag.2019.101958
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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