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Article ; Online: Measurement invariance of the Youth Self-Report across youth who have committed sexual and nonsexual offenses.

Leroux, Elisabeth J / Rizeq, Jala / Skilling, Tracey A

2023 Volume 35, Issue 10, Page(s) 821–829

Abstract: Justice-involved youth experience high rates of mental health problems that require proper screening and assessment in order to effectively intervene. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) is a general psychopathology rating scale that measures several dimensions ... ...

Abstract	Justice-involved youth experience high rates of mental health problems that require proper screening and assessment in order to effectively intervene. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) is a general psychopathology rating scale that measures several dimensions of psychopathology and is commonly used in clinical assessments, including with justice-involved youth. Yet, the underlying factor structure of the YSR has not been examined specifically in a sample of justice-involved youth. We examined the factor structure of the YSR using confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 961 male youth involved with the justice system (12-18 years of age). Measurement invariance of the YSR was also examined across groups of youth who committed a sexual offence and those who committed a nonsexual offence. The eight-factor model presented with optimal fit to the data, consistent with previous research with nonjustice involved samples, and the model demonstrated strong measurement invariance across youth who committed both types of offenses (sexual and nonsexual). Youth who committed nonsexual offenses reported significantly higher degrees of rule-breaking behavior and lower degrees of social problems than youth who committed sexual offenses. The current findings provide strong psychometric evidence that supports the use of the YSR with justice-involved male youth. As such, clinicians and researchers can be confident in using the YSR as a mental health screening tool with male youth involved with the justice system who have committed various offenses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Male ; Humans ; Self Report ; Sexual Behavior ; Databases, Factual ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Psychometrics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/pas0001266
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Article: Assessment of Strengths in Criminal Justice System-Impacted Youth: A Retrospective Validation Study of the SAPROF-YV.

Finseth, Sonia / Peterson-Badali, Michele / Brown, Shelley L / Skilling, Tracey A

Criminal justice and behavior

2023 Volume 50, Issue 7, Page(s) 953–975

Abstract: The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk-Youth Version (SAPROF-YV; de Vries Robbé et al., 2015) was designed specifically to assess strengths as a complement to risk assessment tools. We retrospectively examined its reliability ... ...

Abstract	The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk-Youth Version (SAPROF-YV; de Vries Robbé et al., 2015) was designed specifically to assess strengths as a complement to risk assessment tools. We retrospectively examined its reliability and validity in 305 Canadian community-sentenced youth, both in the overall sample and in male and female, and Black and White, subgroups. In all groups, the total score had strong internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity, and significantly predicted general recidivism at 3-year fixed follow-up. The SAPROF-YV showed incremental validity over the YLS/CMI only in Black youth. In the total sample, a moderation effect was identified whereby strengths were protective at lower levels of risk but not for moderate or high risk youth. The SAPROF-YV shows promising reliability and validity; however, more research is needed before clear guidance can be provided regarding the use of this measure in clinical practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1500128-3
ISSN	1552-3594 ; 0093-8548
ISSN (online)	1552-3594
ISSN	0093-8548
DOI	10.1177/00938548231165286
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Article: Psychosocial Intervention for Youth With High Externalizing Behaviors and Aggression Is Associated With Improvement in Impulsivity and Brain Gray Matter Volume Changes.

Kolla, Nathan J / Smaragdi, Areti / Gainham, George / Karas, Karolina H / Hawco, Colin / Haas, Justin / Skilling, Tracey A / Walsh, Margaret / Augimeri, Leena

Frontiers in psychiatry

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 788240

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2021.788240
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Article: The Relationship Between Trauma, Recidivism Risk, and Reoffending in Male and Female Juvenile Offenders.

Vitopoulos, Nina A / Peterson-Badali, Michele / Brown, Shelley / Skilling, Tracey A

Journal of child & adolescent trauma

2018 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 351–364

Abstract: Elevated rates of traumatic experience in the juvenile justice population are well established. Nevertheless, the role of trauma and its application to rehabilitation and recidivism in a criminal justice context remains hotly debated, particularly for ... ...

Abstract	Elevated rates of traumatic experience in the juvenile justice population are well established. Nevertheless, the role of trauma and its application to rehabilitation and recidivism in a criminal justice context remains hotly debated, particularly for female youth. The Risk-Need-Responsivity framework, the predominant model for risk assessment and case management in juvenile justice, does not consider trauma to be a risk factor for offending. This study examined- Posttraumatic Stress symptomology, maltreatment history, and childhood adversity - in relation to RNR risk factors for reoffending (criminogenic needs) and recidivism in a sample of female and male juvenile offenders. Rates of PTS symptomology, maltreatment, and childhood adversity were significantly higher in this sample compared to prevalence in the general population. Females were more likely to have experienced maltreatment. Several maltreatment and childhood adversity types were significantly related to criminogenic needs. PTS symptomology and adversity were not significant predictors of recidivism when entered alongside criminogenic needs; however, maltreatment was the strongest predictor of recidivism for both male and female youth in a model that included criminogenic needs. Gender did not moderate the relationship between maltreatment and recidivism. The importance of considering youths' maltreatment history in their rehabilitative care is discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2502136-9
ISSN	1936-153X ; 1936-1521
ISSN (online)	1936-153X
ISSN	1936-1521
DOI	10.1007/s40653-018-0238-4
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Article ; Online: A theoretical evaluation of a youth mental health court program model.

Davis, Krista M / Peterson-Badali, Michele / Skilling, Tracey A

International journal of law and psychiatry

2016 Volume 45, Page(s) 17–24

Abstract: Mental health courts are a promising new approach to addressing the overrepresentation of mental health needs among offender populations, yet little is known about how they facilitate change, particularly for youth. The current study reports on a process ...

Abstract	Mental health courts are a promising new approach to addressing the overrepresentation of mental health needs among offender populations, yet little is known about how they facilitate change, particularly for youth. The current study reports on a process evaluation of a youth mental health court in Toronto, Canada. Drawing upon observations of the court and interviews with key informants, we developed a program model of the court and explored its implementation within the context of empirical evidence for treating justice-involved youth. Findings revealed that the proposed mechanism of change, which focuses on reducing recidivism through the treatment of mental health needs, should also consider factors directly related to offending behavior. Findings further highlight several strengths of the program, including the program's supportive environment and ability to engage and link youth and families with treatment. Areas for continued growth include the need for comprehensive protections of legal rights.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Criminals/legislation & jurisprudence ; Criminals/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Mentally Ill Persons/legislation & jurisprudence ; Mentally Ill Persons/psychology ; Models, Theoretical ; Needs Assessment ; Ontario ; Program Evaluation ; Risk Assessment ; Social Control, Formal
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	304429-4
ISSN	1873-6386 ; 0160-2527
ISSN (online)	1873-6386
ISSN	0160-2527
DOI	10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.003
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Article ; Online: Moderators of informant agreement in the assessment of adolescent psychopathology: extension to a forensic sample.

Penney, Stephanie R / Skilling, Tracey A

Psychological assessment

2012 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 386–401

Abstract: A well-documented finding in developmental psychopathology research is that different informants often provide discrepant ratings of a youth's internalizing and externalizing problems. The current study examines youth- and parent-based moderators (i.e., ... ...

Abstract	A well-documented finding in developmental psychopathology research is that different informants often provide discrepant ratings of a youth's internalizing and externalizing problems. The current study examines youth- and parent-based moderators (i.e., youth age, gender, and IQ; type of psychopathology; offense category; psychopathic traits; parental education, income, and stress) of informant discrepancies in a sample of young offenders and compares the utility of youth and caregiver reports against relevant clinical outcomes. Results indicate that gender moderated the discrepancy between informant reports of somatic complaints, while parenting stress moderated the discrepancies across reports of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Variables unique to the forensic context (e.g., offense category) were found to moderate cross-informant discrepancies in reports of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Further, youth self-reports of internalizing symptoms predicted a clinician-generated diagnosis of a mood disorder, while caregiver reports of aggressive behaviors predicted the presence of an externalizing diagnosis. Results highlight the importance of assessing informant agreement in the context of forensic assessment and raise questions surrounding the optimal use of informant data in this setting.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Forensic Psychiatry/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Interview, Psychological ; Juvenile Delinquency/psychology ; Juvenile Delinquency/statistics & numerical data ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Observer Variation ; Parenting/psychology ; Parents ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data ; Psychological Tests/statistics & numerical data ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Report ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/a0025693
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Article ; Online: The role of mental health and specific responsivity in juvenile justice rehabilitation.

McCormick, Sarah / Peterson-Badali, Michele / Skilling, Tracey A

Law and human behavior

2017 Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 55–67

Abstract: Understanding the role that mental health issues play in justice-involved youth poses challenges for research, policy, and practice. While mental health problems are generally not risk factors for criminal behavior according to the risk-needs- ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the role that mental health issues play in justice-involved youth poses challenges for research, policy, and practice. While mental health problems are generally not risk factors for criminal behavior according to the risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) framework of correctional psychology practice, prevalence rates are very high and RNR principles suggest that mental health as a responsivity variable may moderate the success of interventions targeted to criminogenic needs. In this study we investigated the relationships among mental health status, criminogenic needs treatment, and recidivism in a sample of 232 youth referred for court-ordered assessments and followed through their community supervision sentence (probation). Youth with mental health needs were no more likely than youth without these needs to reoffend, regardless of whether those needs were treated. Youth who received mental health treatment also more frequently had their criminogenic needs matched across several domains, suggesting an association between mental health treatment and intermediate treatment targets. However, mental health did not moderate the effect of criminogenic needs treatment: youth who had a greater proportion of criminogenic needs targeted through appropriate services were less likely to reoffend, regardless of mental health status. Findings are consistent with the RNR stance that, within a correctional context in which the primary goal of intervention is preventing recidivism, treatment for mental health needs should be in addition to criminogenic needs treatment, not in replacement of it. They also point to the need for continued research to understand precisely how mental health treatment interacts with intervention targeting criminogenic needs. (PsycINFO Database Record
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2017882-7
ISSN	1573-661X ; 0147-7307
ISSN (online)	1573-661X
ISSN	0147-7307
DOI	10.1037/lhb0000228
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Article ; Online: The service-seeking profiles of youth reporting a legal mandate or perceived coercion for substance use treatment.

Bath, Karanpreet / Hawke, Lisa D / Skilling, Tracey / Chaim, Gloria / Henderson, Joanna

Addictive behaviors

2018 Volume 90, Page(s) 27–34

Abstract: Introduction: There is paucity of research on treatment-related coercion in youth: most research focuses on adult populations and legally mandated treatment. This study aims to examine the service-seeking profiles of youth with substance misuse issues ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is paucity of research on treatment-related coercion in youth: most research focuses on adult populations and legally mandated treatment. This study aims to examine the service-seeking profiles of youth with substance misuse issues who report a legal mandate or perceived coercion to enter treatment. Methods: Differences between youth who were legally mandated and not legally mandated, and differences between youth reporting high and low perceived coercion, were examined for demographic characteristics, mental health and substance use profiles, motivation, and readiness to change. Results: Compared to participants reporting low perceived coercion, those experiencing high perceived coercion reported more substance use problems, greater mental health needs, and greater external and introjected motivation. Legally mandated youth reported fewer mental health issues, lower identified motivation, and greater readiness to change than those reporting no legal mandate. Discussion: Many youth who present for substance use services report experiencing a sense of coercion, which suggests the potential importance of considering youth-centered strategies for involving youth in treatment planning and the development of treatment goals. Youth seeking treatment also have multiple intersecting needs which may benefit from a collaborative and integrative approach.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Ambulatory Care/legislation & jurisprudence ; Ambulatory Care/psychology ; Canada/epidemiology ; Coercion ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandatory Programs ; Motivation ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.006
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Article ; Online: Taxometric analyses of pedophilia utilizing self-report, behavioral, and sexual arousal indicators.

Stephens, Skye / Leroux, Elisabeth / Skilling, Tracey / Cantor, James M / Seto, Michael C

Journal of abnormal psychology

2017 Volume 126, Issue 8, Page(s) 1114–1119

Abstract: Pedophilia refers to the recurrent, intense sexual interest in prepubescent children who, by definition, have not developed any secondary sex characteristics. Researchers have begun to investigate whether persons with pedophilia are qualitatively ... ...

Abstract	Pedophilia refers to the recurrent, intense sexual interest in prepubescent children who, by definition, have not developed any secondary sex characteristics. Researchers have begun to investigate whether persons with pedophilia are qualitatively different from those without pedophilia (pedophilia is a taxon) or if people vary in their level of sexual interest toward children (pedophilia is dimensional). Two relatively small studies have previously attempted to address this question, but produced conflicting results. The present study built on these studies with a substantially larger sample of 2,227 men who committed sexual offenses and were assessed at a sexual behavior clinic. The present study also examined a broader range of measures more closely approximating the diagnostic criteria for pedophilic disorder, including phallometric assessment of sexual arousal patterns. The results of 3 taxometric analyses did not find support for the assertion that pedophilia is a taxon. (PsycINFO Database Record
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Arousal ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedophilia/classification ; Pedophilia/diagnosis ; Pedophilia/psychology ; Research Personnel ; Self Report ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/classification ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/diagnosis ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3127-6
ISSN	1939-1846 ; 0021-843X ; 0096-851X ; 0145-2339 ; 0145-2347
ISSN (online)	1939-1846
ISSN	0021-843X ; 0096-851X ; 0145-2339 ; 0145-2347
DOI	10.1037/abn0000291
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Zs.A 5071: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The Strengths Assessment Inventory-Youth Version: An evaluation of the psychometric properties with male and female justice-involved youth.

Royer-Gagnier, Karina / Skilling, Tracey A / Brown, Shelley L / Moore, Timothy E / Rawana, Jennine S

Psychological assessment

2016 Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 563–574

Abstract: Strengths constitute an important element of developmental assessments. It is consistent with evidence-based practice to use assessment tools that adequately measure a given construct and are appropriate for use with their targeted population. The ... ...

Abstract	Strengths constitute an important element of developmental assessments. It is consistent with evidence-based practice to use assessment tools that adequately measure a given construct and are appropriate for use with their targeted population. The Strengths Assessment Inventory-Youth Version (SAI-Y; Rawana & Brownlee, 2010)-a self-report measure of personal strengths, self-concept, and emotional functioning-was administered to 230 male and female adolescent offenders. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the SAI-Y's factor structure demonstrated an acceptable fit overall, while some factors fit the data well, and fewer factors displayed a questionable fit. A majority of scale scores were found to exhibit good reliability for both sexes, with three empirical scale scores demonstrating poor reliability. In addition, scores on the SAI-Y also achieved satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. Total strength scores were significantly correlated in the expected direction with most theoretically related measures of emotional and behavioral functioning (e.g., self-esteem, treatment readiness, antisocial attitudes). Lastly, moderate gender effects and small ethnicity differences in response patterns were found. This was the first validation study of the SAI-Y with a justice-involved sample and the results suggest it is an appropriate measure for use with both male and female justice-involved young persons in detention and in the community. (PsycINFO Database Record
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency/psychology ; Male ; Psychometrics/instrumentation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self-Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/pas0000199
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