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  1. AU="Skinner, Pamela J"
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  1. Article ; Online: Antigenic cells augment CAR T cells.

    Skinner, Pamela J

    Blood

    2020  Volume 136, Issue 15, Page(s) 1701–1702

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; HIV Infections ; Primates ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80069-7
    ISSN 1528-0020 ; 0006-4971
    ISSN (online) 1528-0020
    ISSN 0006-4971
    DOI 10.1182/blood.2020007761
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype.

    Pampusch, Mary S / Skinner, Pamela J

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2020  , Issue 157

    Abstract: Emerging immunotherapies to treat infectious diseases and cancers often involve transduction of cellular populations with genes encoding disease-targeting proteins. For example, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells to treat cancers and viral ... ...

    Abstract Emerging immunotherapies to treat infectious diseases and cancers often involve transduction of cellular populations with genes encoding disease-targeting proteins. For example, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells to treat cancers and viral infections involve the transduction of T cells with synthetic genes encoding CAR molecules. The CAR molecules make the T cells specifically recognize and kill cancer or virally infected cells. Cells can also be co-transduced with other genes of interest. For example, cells can be co-transduced with genes encoding proteins that target cells to specific locations. Here, we present a protocol to transduce primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with genes encoding a virus-specific CAR and the B cell follicle homing molecule chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5). This procedure takes nine days and results in transduced T cell populations that maintain a central memory phenotype. Maintenance of a central memory or less differentiated phenotype has been shown to associate with persistence of cells post-infusion. Furthermore, cells produced with this method show high levels of viability, high levels of co-expression of the two transduced genes, and large enough quantities of cells for immunotherapeutic infusion. This nine-day protocol may be broadly used for CAR-T cell and other T cell immunotherapy approaches. The methods described here are based on studies presented in our previous publications.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Survival ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR5/genetics ; Receptors, CXCR5/metabolism ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Receptors, CXCR5 ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/60400
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Production and Characterization of SIV-Specific CAR/CXCR5 T Cells.

    Pampusch, Mary S / Hajduczki, Agnes / Mwakalundwa, Gwantwa / Connick, Elizabeth / Berger, Edward A / Skinner, Pamela J

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 2421, Page(s) 171–185

    Abstract: HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that target lymphoid follicles have the potential to functionally cure HIV infection. ... ...

    Abstract HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that target lymphoid follicles have the potential to functionally cure HIV infection. CD8
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; HIV Infections ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Macaca mulatta ; Receptors, CXCR5/genetics ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; T-Lymphocytes
    Chemical Substances Receptors, CXCR5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1944-5_12
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Transduction and expansion of primary t cells in nine days with maintenance of central memory phenotype

    Pampusch, Mary S / Skinner, Pamela J

    Journal of visualized experiments. 2020 Mar. 18, , no. 157

    2020  

    Abstract: Emerging immunotherapies to treat infectious diseases and cancers often involve transduction of cellular populations with genes encoding disease-targeting proteins. For example, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells to treat cancers and viral ... ...

    Abstract Emerging immunotherapies to treat infectious diseases and cancers often involve transduction of cellular populations with genes encoding disease-targeting proteins. For example, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells to treat cancers and viral infections involve the transduction of T cells with synthetic genes encoding CAR molecules. The CAR molecules make the T cells specifically recognize and kill cancer or virally infected cells. Cells can also be co-transduced with other genes of interest. For example, cells can be co-transduced with genes encoding proteins that target cells to specific locations. Here, we present a protocol to transduce primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with genes encoding a virus-specific CAR and the B cell follicle homing molecule chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5). This procedure takes nine days and results in transduced T cell populations that maintain a central memory phenotype. Maintenance of a central memory or less differentiated phenotype has been shown to associate with persistence of cells post-infusion. Furthermore, cells produced with this method show high levels of viability, high levels of co-expression of the two transduced genes, and large enough quantities of cells for immunotherapeutic infusion. This nine-day protocol may be broadly used for CAR-T cell and other T cell immunotherapy approaches. The methods described here are based on studies presented in our previous publications.
    Keywords B-lymphocytes ; CXCR5 receptor ; T-lymphocytes ; antigens ; cell viability ; immunotherapy ; infectious diseases ; memory ; neoplasms ; phenotype ; synthetic genes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0318
    Size p. e60400.
    Publishing place Journal of Visualized Experiments
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/60400
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cells Using In Situ MHC Tetramer Staining.

    Abdelaal, Hadia M / Cartwright, Emily K / Skinner, Pamela J

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 20

    Abstract: The development of in situ major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramer (IST) staining to detect antigen (Ag)-specific T cells in tissues has radically revolutionized our knowledge of the local cellular immune response to viral and bacterial ... ...

    Abstract The development of in situ major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramer (IST) staining to detect antigen (Ag)-specific T cells in tissues has radically revolutionized our knowledge of the local cellular immune response to viral and bacterial infections, cancers, and autoimmunity. IST combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) enables determination of the location, abundance, and phenotype of T cells, as well as the characterization of Ag-specific T cells in a 3-dimensional space with respect to neighboring cells and specific tissue locations. In this review, we discuss the history of the development of IST combined with IHC. We describe various methods used for IST staining, including direct and indirect IST and IST performed on fresh, lightly fixed, frozen, and fresh then frozen tissue. We also describe current applications for IST in viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and autoimmunity. IST combined with IHC provides a valuable tool for studying and tracking the Ag-specific T cell immune response in tissues.
    MeSH term(s) Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Protein Multimerization ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Staining and Labeling ; T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms20205165
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: The B-Cell Follicle in HIV Infection: Barrier to a Cure.

    Bronnimann, Matthew P / Skinner, Pamela J / Connick, Elizabeth

    Frontiers in immunology

    2018  Volume 9, Page(s) 20

    Abstract: The majority of HIV replication occurs in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Within SLOs, HIV ... ...

    Abstract The majority of HIV replication occurs in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Within SLOs, HIV RNA
    MeSH term(s) B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/virology ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/virology ; Germinal Center/cytology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV-1/growth & development ; HIV-1/immunology ; Humans ; Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Virus Replication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: HIV-Specific CAR T Cells with CD28 or 4-1BB Signaling Domains Are Phenotypically and Functionally Distinct and Effective at Suppressing HIV and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus.

    Cartwright, Emily K / Pampusch, Mary S / Rendahl, Aaron K / Berger, Edward A / Coleman-Fuller, Natalie / Skinner, Pamela J

    ImmunoHorizons

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 10, Page(s) 693–704

    Abstract: Despite mounting a robust antiviral CD8 T cell response to HIV infection, most infected individuals are unable to control HIV viral load without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cell treatment is under intensive investigation as ...

    Abstract Despite mounting a robust antiviral CD8 T cell response to HIV infection, most infected individuals are unable to control HIV viral load without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cell treatment is under intensive investigation as an alternative therapy for ART-free remission of chronic HIV infection. However, achieving durable remission of HIV will require a successful balance between CAR T cell effector function and persistence. CAR T cells with CD28 costimulatory domains have robust effector function but limited persistence in vivo, whereas CAR T cells with 4-1BB costimulatory domains present a more undifferentiated phenotype and greater in vivo persistence. We compared the in vitro phenotype and function of rhesus macaque and human CAR T cells that contained either the CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory domain; both constructs also included CARs that are bispecific for gp120 of HIV or SIV and the CXCR5 moiety to promote in vivo homing of CAR/CXCR5 T cells to B cell follicles. Cells were transduced using a gammaretroviral vector and evaluated using flow cytometry. 4-1BB-CAR/CXCR5 T cells were phenotypically distinct from CD28-CAR/CXCR5 T cells and showed increased expression of CAR and CD95. Importantly, both CD28- and 4-1BB-CAR/CXCR5 T cells retained equal capacity to recognize and suppress SIV in vitro. These studies provide new insights into rhesus macaque and human 4-1BB- and CD28-bearing CAR T cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; CD28 Antigens ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; CD28 Antigens ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2573-7732
    ISSN (online) 2573-7732
    DOI 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Development of an anti-CAR antibody response in SIV-infected rhesus macaques treated with CD4-MBL CAR/CXCR5 T cells.

    Davey, Brianna C / Pampusch, Mary S / Cartwright, Emily K / Abdelaal, Hadia M / Rakasz, Eva G / Rendahl, Aaron / Berger, Edward A / Skinner, Pamela J

    Frontiers in immunology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 1032537

    Abstract: T cells expressing a simian immunodeficiency (SIV)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and the follicular homing molecule, CXCR5, were infused into antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressed, SIV-infected rhesus macaques to assess their ability to ... ...

    Abstract T cells expressing a simian immunodeficiency (SIV)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and the follicular homing molecule, CXCR5, were infused into antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressed, SIV-infected rhesus macaques to assess their ability to localize to the lymphoid follicle and control the virus upon ART interruption. While the cells showed evidence of functionality, they failed to persist in the animals beyond 28 days. Development of anti-CAR antibodies could be responsible for the lack of persistence. Potential antigenic sites on the anti-SIV CAR used in these studies included domains 1 and 2 of CD4, the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and an extracellular domain of the costimulatory molecule, CD28, along with short linker sequences. Using a flow cytometry based assay and target cells expressing the CAR/CXCR5 construct, we examined the serum of the CD4-MBL CAR/CXCR5-T cell treated animals to determine that the animals had developed an anti-CAR antibody response after infusion. Binding sites for the anti-CAR antibodies were identified by using alternative CARs transduced into target cells and by preincubation of the target cells with a CD4 blocking antibody. All of the treated animals developed antibodies in their serum that bound to CD4-MBL CAR/CXCR5 T cells and the majority were capable of inducing an ADCC response. The CD4 antibody-blocking assay suggests that the dominant immunogenic components of this CAR are the CD4 domains with a possible additional site of the CD28 domain with its linker. This study shows that an anti-drug antibody (ADA) response can occur even when using self-proteins, likely due to novel epitopes created by abridged self-proteins and/or the self-domain of the CAR connection to a small non-self linker. While in our study, there was no statistically significant correlation between the ADA response and the persistence of the CD4-MBL CAR/CXCR5-T cells in rhesus macaques, these findings suggest that the development of an ADA response could impact the long-term persistence of self-based CAR immunotherapies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies/therapeutic use ; Antibody Formation ; CD28 Antigens ; Macaca mulatta ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; Immunotherapy
    Chemical Substances Antibodies ; CD28 Antigens ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032537
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: In Situ mhc-tetramer staining and quantitative analysis to determine the location, abundance, and phenotype of antigen-specific cd8 t cells in tissues

    Li, Shengbin / Mwakalundwa, Gwantwa / Skinner, Pamela J

    Journal of visualized experiments. 2017 Sept. 22, , no. 127

    2017  

    Abstract: T cells are critical to many immunological processes, including detecting and eliminating virus-infected cells, preventing autoimmunity, assisting in B-cell and plasma-cell production of antibodies, and detecting and eliminating cancer cells. The ... ...

    Abstract T cells are critical to many immunological processes, including detecting and eliminating virus-infected cells, preventing autoimmunity, assisting in B-cell and plasma-cell production of antibodies, and detecting and eliminating cancer cells. The development of MHC-tetramer staining of antigen-specific T cells analyzed by flow cytometry has revolutionized our ability to study and understand the immunobiology of T cells. While extremely useful for determining the quantity and phenotype of antigen-specific T cells, flow cytometry cannot determine the spatial localization of antigen-specific T cells to other cells and structures in tissues, and current disaggregation techniques to extract the T cells needed for flow cytometry have limited effectiveness in non-lymphoid tissues. In situ MHC-tetramer staining (IST) is a technique to visualize T cells that are specific for antigens of interest in tissues. In combination with immunohistochemistry (IHC), IST can determine the abundance, location, and phenotype of antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells in tissues. Here, we describe a protocol to stain and enumerate antigen-specific CD8 T cells, with specific phenotypes located within specific tissue compartments. These procedures are the same that we used in our recent publication by Li et al., entitled "Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Producing Cells in Follicles Are Partially Suppressed by CD8+ Cells In Vivo." The methods described are broadly applicable because they can be used to localize, phenotype, and quantify essentially any antigen-specific CD8 T cell for which MHC tetramers are available, in any tissue.
    Keywords B-lymphocytes ; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes ; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes ; antibodies ; antigens ; autoimmunity ; flow cytometry ; immunohistochemistry ; immunosuppression ; neoplasm cells ; phenotype ; quantitative analysis ; staining ; tissues
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0922
    Size p. e56130.
    Publishing place Journal of Visualized Experiments
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/56130
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: In Situ MHC-tetramer Staining and Quantitative Analysis to Determine the Location, Abundance, and Phenotype of Antigen-specific CD8 T Cells in Tissues.

    Li, Shengbin / Mwakalundwa, Gwantwa / Skinner, Pamela J

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2017  , Issue 127

    Abstract: T cells are critical to many immunological processes, including detecting and eliminating virus-infected cells, preventing autoimmunity, assisting in B-cell and plasma-cell production of antibodies, and detecting and eliminating cancer cells. The ... ...

    Abstract T cells are critical to many immunological processes, including detecting and eliminating virus-infected cells, preventing autoimmunity, assisting in B-cell and plasma-cell production of antibodies, and detecting and eliminating cancer cells. The development of MHC-tetramer staining of antigen-specific T cells analyzed by flow cytometry has revolutionized our ability to study and understand the immunobiology of T cells. While extremely useful for determining the quantity and phenotype of antigen-specific T cells, flow cytometry cannot determine the spatial localization of antigen-specific T cells to other cells and structures in tissues, and current disaggregation techniques to extract the T cells needed for flow cytometry have limited effectiveness in non-lymphoid tissues. In situ MHC-tetramer staining (IST) is a technique to visualize T cells that are specific for antigens of interest in tissues. In combination with immunohistochemistry (IHC), IST can determine the abundance, location, and phenotype of antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells in tissues. Here, we describe a protocol to stain and enumerate antigen-specific CD8 T cells, with specific phenotypes located within specific tissue compartments. These procedures are the same that we used in our recent publication by Li et al., entitled "Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Producing Cells in Follicles Are Partially Suppressed by CD8
    MeSH term(s) CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Phenotype
    Chemical Substances Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/56130
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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