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Article ; Online: Treatment of rumen fluke in cattle and sheep.

Williams, Diana / Skuce, Philip / Stubbings, Lesley

2023 Volume 193, Issue 5, Page(s) 209–210

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle/parasitology ; Rumen/parasitology ; Sheep/parasitology ; Trematoda ; Trematode Infections/therapy ; Trematode Infections/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.3439
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Book: Fighting fluke in sheep and cattle

Skuce, Philip

(News sheet / Moredun Foundation ; Vol. 6, No. 16)

2017

Author's details	Philip Skuce
Series title	News sheet / Moredun Foundation ; Vol. 6, No. 16
Language	English
Size	15 Seiten
Publisher	Moredun Foundation
Publishing place	Penicuik
Document type	Book
Database	Special collection on veterinary medicine and general parasitology

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Article ; Online: Identification of Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) in cattle on St. Kitts, West Indies and its relationship with African and Asian populations.

Mitchell, Gillian / Ketzis, Jennifer K / Metzler, Deidra / Alvarado, Jacqueline / Skuce, Philip J / Lawton, Scott P

Parasitology international

2023 Volume 95, Page(s) 102751

Abstract: There is limited information about the species of rumen fluke (Family Paramphistomidae) in the Caribbean. However, knowledge of species distribution is needed to better understand disease risk and epidemiology. Morphological identification is challenging ...

Abstract	There is limited information about the species of rumen fluke (Family Paramphistomidae) in the Caribbean. However, knowledge of species distribution is needed to better understand disease risk and epidemiology. Morphological identification is challenging with more recent DNA sequencing enabling a better understanding of rumen fluke distribution. In this study, rumen fluke specimens, collected between 2015 and 2016 from cattle on the island of St. Kitts, West Indies, were analysed. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region of rDNA was amplified using generic trematode primers. Results from Sanger sequencing were compared to reference sequences in GenBank and indicated the species was Cotylophoron cotylophorum with 100% sequence identity and 91% query cover. The ITS2 sequences were then compared to previously published ITS2 sequences for the Cotylophoron genus. When all the St. Kitts C. cotylophorum ITS2 sequences were compared with all other Cotylophoron sequences from India, Kenya, and Zimbabwe, three variable nucleotide sites, resulting in five unique haplotypes, were identified. Nine ITS2 sequences shared haplotype 1, which included all those from St. Kitts and single representatives from India and Kenya, potentially indicating global movement of this species.
MeSH term(s)	Cattle ; Animals ; Phylogeny ; Paramphistomatidae/genetics ; Trematoda/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; West Indies
Chemical Substances	DNA, Ribosomal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1363151-2
ISSN	1873-0329 ; 1383-5769
ISSN (online)	1873-0329
ISSN	1383-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.parint.2023.102751
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Article: A Universal Approach to Molecular Identification of Rumen Fluke Species Across Hosts, Continents, and Sample Types.

Mitchell, Gillian / Zadoks, Ruth N / Skuce, Philip J

Frontiers in veterinary science

2021 Volume 7, Page(s) 605259

Abstract: Rumen fluke are parasitic trematodes that affect domestic and wild ruminants across a wide range of countries and habitats. There are 6 major genera of rumen fluke and over 70 recognized species. Accurate species identification is important to ... ...

Abstract	Rumen fluke are parasitic trematodes that affect domestic and wild ruminants across a wide range of countries and habitats. There are 6 major genera of rumen fluke and over 70 recognized species. Accurate species identification is important to investigate the epidemiology, pathophysiology and economic impact of rumen fluke species but paramphistomes are morphologically plastic, which has resulted in numerous instances of misclassification. Here, we present a universal approach to molecular identification of rumen fluke species, including different life-cycle stages (eggs, juvenile and mature fluke) and sample preservation methods (fresh, ethanol- or formalin-fixed, and paraffin wax-embedded). Among 387 specimens from 173 animals belonging to 10 host species and originating from 14 countries on 5 continents, 10 rumen fluke species were identified based on ITS-2 intergenic spacer sequencing, including members of the genera
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2020.605259
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Article ; Online: Investigating the perceived versus actual gastrointestinal nematode challenge on extensive sheep farms.

Geddes, Eilidh / Morgan-Davies, Claire / McLaren, Ann / Skuce, Philip J / Duncan, Jade M / Sargison, Neil / Kenyon, Fiona

Veterinary parasitology

2024 Volume 327, Page(s) 110148

Abstract: Extensive farming systems form an integral part of sheep production systems across Europe. However, with innate production handicaps, declining sheep numbers and narrow economic margins, production is becoming increasingly challenging threatening the ... ...

Abstract	Extensive farming systems form an integral part of sheep production systems across Europe. However, with innate production handicaps, declining sheep numbers and narrow economic margins, production is becoming increasingly challenging threatening the future sustainability of the industry. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a significant cause of production losses to the global sheep industry, with well-established resistance to the major anthelmintic groups. Traditionally, extensive farming systems are not thought to have a significant parasite challenge compared with intensive farms, but there is a need to identify the scale and importance of GINs on extensive farms to inform the need for sustainable control strategies. In this study, a questionnaire of extensive farmers (n=34) was conducted and parasitological data were collected from nine study farms to investigate the perceived versus actual GIN and anthelmintic resistance challenge faced by extensive farms. The results showed a production-limiting challenge on most farms, with a higher GIN challenge observed on improved pastures. Furthermore, over half of the extensive farmers perceived anthelmintic resistance to be a greater problem for intensive farmers, with only 20% of respondents reporting known anthelmintic resistance. However, all study farms had evidence of resistance to at least one group of anthelmintics. Consequently, this study has demonstrated that despite the traditional perception of parasitism on extensive farms, there is a need to increasingly consider its impact and take a proactive approach to sustainable control, with solutions tailored to their unique management.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sheep ; Farms ; Nematode Infections/prevention & control ; Nematode Infections/veterinary ; Nematode Infections/drug therapy ; Sheep Diseases/parasitology ; Nematoda ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Anthelmintics/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance
Chemical Substances	Anthelmintics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110148
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Article ; Online: Identification of Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) in cattle on St. Kitts, West Indies and its relationship with African and Asian populations

Mitchell, Gillian / Ketzis, Jennifer K. / Metzler, Deidra / Alvarado, Jacqueline / Skuce, Philip J. / Lawton, Scott P.

Parasitology International. 2023 Aug., v. 95 p.102751-

2023

Abstract	There is limited information about the species of rumen fluke (Family Paramphistomidae) in the Caribbean. However, knowledge of species distribution is needed to better understand disease risk and epidemiology. Morphological identification is challenging with more recent DNA sequencing enabling a better understanding of rumen fluke distribution. In this study, rumen fluke specimens, collected between 2015 and 2016 from cattle on the island of St. Kitts, West Indies, were analysed. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region of rDNA was amplified using generic trematode primers. Results from Sanger sequencing were compared to reference sequences in GenBank and indicated the species was Cotylophoron cotylophorum with 100% sequence identity and 91% query cover. The ITS2 sequences were then compared to previously published ITS2 sequences for the Cotylophoron genus. When all the St. Kitts C. cotylophorum ITS2 sequences were compared with all other Cotylophoron sequences from India, Kenya, and Zimbabwe, three variable nucleotide sites, resulting in five unique haplotypes, were identified. Nine ITS2 sequences shared haplotype 1, which included all those from St. Kitts and single representatives from India and Kenya, potentially indicating global movement of this species.
Keywords	DNA ; Paramphistomidae ; cattle ; epidemiology ; flukes ; geographical distribution ; haplotypes ; internal transcribed spacers ; parasitology ; risk ; sequence analysis ; Caribbean ; India ; Kenya ; Saint Kitts ; Zimbabwe ; Paramphistomes ; Rumen fluke ; Bovine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1363151-2
ISSN	1383-5769
ISSN	1383-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.parint.2023.102751
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The influence of liver fluke infection on production in sheep and cattle: a meta-analysis.

Hayward, Adam D / Skuce, Philip J / McNeilly, Tom N

International journal for parasitology

2021 Volume 51, Issue 11, Page(s) 913–924

Abstract: Liver flukes (Fasciola spp.) are important parasites of ruminant livestock worldwide, causing profound damage to animal health and productivity. Many reviews have discussed the results of decades of research on the impact of fluke on livestock traits ... ...

Abstract	Liver flukes (Fasciola spp.) are important parasites of ruminant livestock worldwide, causing profound damage to animal health and productivity. Many reviews have discussed the results of decades of research on the impact of fluke on livestock traits such as weight gain and milk production, but there have been no known attempts to collate previous research in a quantitative manner or to determine the factors that vary between studies that find substantial effects of fluke and others concluding that effects of fluke are negligible. Here, we use meta-analysis to provide quantitative "global" estimates of the impact of liver fluke on animal performance, and to identify elements of study design ("moderators") that influence variation between studies in their outcome. A literature search provided 233 comparisons of performance in fluke-infected and uninfected animals. We standardised these data as log response ratios and calculated effect size variances to weight studies by the accuracy of their estimates. We performed multi-level meta-analysis to estimate effects of fluke infection on daily weight gain, live weight, carcass weight, total weight gain and milk production. There were statistically-supported negative effects of fluke infection on daily weight gain, live weight and carcass weight (9%, 6% and 0.6% reductions, respectively), but not on total weight gain or milk production. A mixed-effects meta-analysis revealed that studies of younger animals found more severe effects of fluke on weight gain and that effects on live weight increased with time since infection. Limitations to the data that could be analysed, including a lack of statistical reporting in older papers and variation in the outcome variables measured, may have explained the relatively limited influence of modifiers that we detected. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first quantitative estimate of the impact of liver fluke on performance across studies and highlight some elements of study design that can influence conclusions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; Fasciola ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fascioliasis/veterinary ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120518-3
ISSN	1879-0135 ; 0020-7519
ISSN (online)	1879-0135
ISSN	0020-7519
DOI	10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.02.006
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Article: A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to identify isotype 1 β-tubulin locus SNPs in synthetic double-stranded Haemonchus contortus DNA

Costa-Junior, Livio M. / Chaudhry, Umer N. / Skuce, Philip J. / Stack, Seamus / Sargison, Neil D.

Journal of parasitic diseases. 2022 Mar., v. 46, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Development of sustainable gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) control strategies depends on the ability to identify the frequencies of drug-susceptible and resistant genotypes in GIN populations arising from management practices undertaken on individual ... ...

Abstract	Development of sustainable gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) control strategies depends on the ability to identify the frequencies of drug-susceptible and resistant genotypes in GIN populations arising from management practices undertaken on individual farms. Resistance to BZ drugs in GINs has been shown to be conferred by the presence of defined SNPs in the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays are amenable to use on a range of DNA templates and are potentially adaptable to use in practical, cost-effective, pen-side diagnostic platforms that are needed to detect anthelmintic resistance in the field. In this study, we designed primers and examined LAMP assays to detect each of the three major isotype 1 β-tubulin SNPs conferring genetic susceptibility to BZ drugs. We used artificial pools of synthetic DNA, containing different proportions of susceptible and resistant SNPs to determine reproducibility of the assays. We demonstrated the detection of each of the isotype 1 β-tubulin SNPs conferring susceptibility to BZ drugs using the optimal LAMP assay. Isotype 1 β-tubulin SNP typing was effective in detecting BZ susceptibility, but the accuracy was reduced in samples with less than 60 % susceptible DNA. Our results show the potential for LAMP SNP typing to detect genetic susceptibility or resistance to anthelmintic drugs in livestock GINs, and some of the limitations in our approach that will need to be overcome in order to evaluate this assay using field samples.
Keywords	DNA ; Haemonchus contortus ; anthelmintics ; cost effectiveness ; gastrointestinal nematodes ; livestock ; loci ; loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Size	p. 47-55.
Publishing place	Springer India
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2548456-4
ISSN	0975-0703 ; 0971-7196
ISSN (online)	0975-0703
ISSN	0971-7196
DOI	10.1007/s12639-021-01414-w
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Article: The influence of liver fluke infection on production in sheep and cattle: a meta-analysis

Hayward, Adam D / Skuce, Philip J / McNeilly, Tom N

International journal for parasitology. 2021 Feb. 24,

2021

Abstract	Liver flukes (Fasciola spp.) are important parasites of ruminant livestock worldwide, causing profound damage to animal health and productivity. Many reviews have discussed the results of decades of research on the impact of fluke on livestock traits such as weight gain and milk production, but there have been no known attempts to collate previous research in a quantitative manner or to determine the factors that vary between studies that find substantial effects of fluke and others concluding that effects of fluke are negligible. Here, we use meta-analysis to provide quantitative “global” estimates of the impact of liver fluke on animal performance, and to identify elements of study design (“moderators”) that influence variation between studies in their outcome. A literature search provided 233 comparisons of performance in fluke-infected and uninfected animals. We standardised these data as log response ratios and calculated effect size variances to weight studies by the accuracy of their estimates. We performed multi-level meta-analysis to estimate effects of fluke infection on daily weight gain, live weight, carcass weight, total weight gain and milk production. There were statistically-supported negative effects of fluke infection on daily weight gain, live weight and carcass weight (9%, 6% and 0.6% reductions, respectively), but not on total weight gain or milk production. A mixed-effects meta-analysis revealed that studies of younger animals found more severe effects of fluke on weight gain and that effects on live weight increased with time since infection. Limitations to the data that could be analysed, including a lack of statistical reporting in older papers and variation in the outcome variables measured, may have explained the relatively limited influence of modifiers that we detected. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first quantitative estimate of the impact of liver fluke on performance across studies and highlight some elements of study design that can influence conclusions.
Keywords	Fasciola ; animal performance ; body weight ; carcass weight ; cattle ; experimental design ; liver ; liver flukes ; meta-analysis ; milk production ; parasitology ; sheep ; weight gain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0224
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	120518-3
ISSN	1879-0135 ; 0020-7519
ISSN (online)	1879-0135
ISSN	0020-7519
DOI	10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.02.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to identify isotype 1 β-tubulin locus SNPs in synthetic double-stranded

Costa-Junior, Livio M / Chaudhry, Umer N / Skuce, Philip J / Stack, Seamus / Sargison, Neil D

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology

2021 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–55

Abstract	Development of sustainable gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) control strategies depends on the ability to identify the frequencies of drug-susceptible and resistant genotypes in GIN populations arising from management practices undertaken on individual farms. Resistance to BZ drugs in GINs has been shown to be conferred by the presence of defined SNPs in the isotype 1 β-tubulin locus. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays are amenable to use on a range of DNA templates and are potentially adaptable to use in practical, cost-effective, pen-side diagnostic platforms that are needed to detect anthelmintic resistance in the field. In this study, we designed primers and examined LAMP assays to detect each of the three major isotype 1 β-tubulin SNPs conferring genetic susceptibility to BZ drugs. We used artificial pools of synthetic DNA, containing different proportions of susceptible and resistant SNPs to determine reproducibility of the assays. We demonstrated the detection of each of the isotype 1 β-tubulin SNPs conferring susceptibility to BZ drugs using the optimal LAMP assay. Isotype 1 β-tubulin SNP typing was effective in detecting BZ susceptibility, but the accuracy was reduced in samples with less than 60 % susceptible DNA. Our results show the potential for LAMP SNP typing to detect genetic susceptibility or resistance to anthelmintic drugs in livestock GINs, and some of the limitations in our approach that will need to be overcome in order to evaluate this assay using field samples. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-021-01414-w.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-05
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2548456-4
ISSN	0975-0703 ; 0971-7196
ISSN (online)	0975-0703
ISSN	0971-7196
DOI	10.1007/s12639-021-01414-w
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