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  1. Article: Dysexecutive Behavior in First-Episode Schizophrenia.

    Orellana, Gricel / Slachevsky, Andrea / Henriquez, Fernando

    Clinical schizophrenia & related psychoses

    2022  Volume 16, Issue Suppl 3

    Abstract: Background: Dysexecutive syndrome is a prominent and functionally significant cognitive feature of schizophrenia. This study assesses and correlates executive function (EF) deficits and dysexecutive behavior (DB) in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Dysexecutive syndrome is a prominent and functionally significant cognitive feature of schizophrenia. This study assesses and correlates executive function (EF) deficits and dysexecutive behavior (DB) in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and healthy participants.
    Methods: We evaluated 22 FES patients (aged 17-29 years, history of single episode of schizophrenia, treated with atypical antipsychotics) and 20 controls matched for gender, age, and education. EF was evaluated using the Modified Six Elements Test (MSET), Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). DB was evaluated using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and Behavioral Dysexecutive Syndrome Inventory (BDSI).
    Results: FES patients had marked dysexecutive behaviors and executive function impairments as compared to controls. Our findings suggest that executive function scores on standardized neuropsychological tests may be ecologically valid predictors of dysexecutive behavior.
    Conclusion: DB is common during first-episode schizophrenia and may be a primary impairment throughout disease progression. The present results inform clinical practice by providing insight into first-episode schizophrenia specific features of dysexecutive behavior. Understanding the associations between executive function tests and dysexecutive behaviors helps to explain the social adjustment disorders associated with schizophrenia. This knowledge may be used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic tools; for example, clarifying the implications of specific DEX and BDSI dimensions could increase the efficacy of individual or familial psychotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cognition Disorders/complications ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Executive Function ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2489256-7
    ISSN 1941-2010 ; 1935-1232
    ISSN (online) 1941-2010
    ISSN 1935-1232
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Normalization of Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) in Chilean older people.

    Sepúlveda-Ibarra, Consuelo / Chaparro, Fernando Henríquez / Marcotti, Anthony / Soto, Guillermo / Slachevsky, Andrea

    Dementia & neuropsychologia

    2023  Volume 17, Page(s) e20230033

    Abstract: Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is a cognitive screening that evaluates older people with low educational levels. In Chile, there are no normative data to assess this population.: Objective: To obtain normative data on RUDAS in ... ...

    Abstract Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is a cognitive screening that evaluates older people with low educational levels. In Chile, there are no normative data to assess this population.
    Objective: To obtain normative data on RUDAS in older Chilean people with up to 12 years of schooling, and to determine whether age and schooling years influence a person's performance on RUDAS and on the items that constitute it.
    Methods: A group of cognitively healthy people 60 years old or over, with up to 12 schooling years was evaluated (n=135). Multiple regression models were applied to obtain normative data on RUDAS, according to age and schooling years, and to measure the effects of schooling on different items.
    Results: Regression analysis showed that none of the items had schooling as a significant predictor, except for the visuoconstruction item. The variables age and schooling explained 12.6% (R^2=0.126) of the RUDAS total score variance. The item visuoconstruction was the most associated with the educational level (OR=1,147).
    Conclusion: This study showed that RUDAS is a recommended instrument for evaluating older people with low educational levels. However, more studies are needed to prove the validity of the RUDAS on Chilean older people.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country Brazil
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1980-5764
    ISSN 1980-5764
    DOI 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0033
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  3. Article: Evaluating a Memory Clinic Using the RE-AIM Model. The Experience of the "Memory and Neuropsychiatry Clinic" in Hospital Del Salvador, Chile.

    Leon, Tomas / Castro, Loreto / Mascayano, Franco / Lawlor, Brian / Slachevsky, Andrea

    Frontiers in neurology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 612416

    Abstract: The development of healthcare services for dementia is key to improving access to care and post-diagnostic support for people living with dementia. Memory Units have emerged as a new healthcare service composed of multidisciplinary teams with the goal of ...

    Abstract The development of healthcare services for dementia is key to improving access to care and post-diagnostic support for people living with dementia. Memory Units have emerged as a new healthcare service composed of multidisciplinary teams with the goal of improving diagnosis and/or management of dementia patients. The main objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the Reach and Effectiveness of a Memory Unit in a public hospital in Chile, using the RE-AIM model, a multi-component model that allows for the evaluation of the implementation of ongoing healthcare programs. Regarding "R" (Reach): from March 2018 up to June 2019, a total of 510 patients were referred and assessed. Most patients came from primary care (51.9%) and from outpatient services at the Hospital Salvador (39.2%), particularly from the Neurology (63.3%) and Psychiatry (16.0%) departments. We estimated that our Memory Unit assessed 5.39% of all of the dementia patients living in the area of referral. With respect to "E" (Effectiveness): 419 patients are still being followed up at the Memory Unit. Ninety-one patients (18%) were discharged. Of these, 55 (66%) were referred to primary healthcare, 28 (31%) to other outpatient services, 9 (10%) to a specialized mental healthcare center, and 9 (10%) to a daycare center. Due to the short period of time that the Memory Unit has been operating, no other RE-AIM dimensions could be evaluated at this juncture. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation study of a Memory Unit in Latin America, and the first using the RE-AIM model. Although cultural differences worldwide might play a role in the lack of international guidelines, the publication of the experience of the first year of this unit in Chile could inform new countries about this process. Ongoing challenges include continuing to collect data to complement the RE-AIM evaluation and developing a protocol that can be adopted elsewhere in Chile and Latin America. Further studies are needed to assess the benefits of a Memory Unit in comparison to regular care and to develop a model that assures continuity and coordination of care for people with dementia.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2021.612416
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  4. Article ; Online: Self-stigma in people living with dementia in Chile: A qualitative exploratory study.

    Gajardo, Jean / Alvarado, Rubén / Slachevsky, Andrea / Gitlin, Laura N

    Aging & mental health

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 2481–2488

    Abstract: Background: Self-stigma is a dimension of stigma concerning how individuals internalize negative attributes and discriminate against their own selves. Dementia is a stigmatizing condition, and there is a paucity of research exploring the manifestations ... ...

    Abstract Background: Self-stigma is a dimension of stigma concerning how individuals internalize negative attributes and discriminate against their own selves. Dementia is a stigmatizing condition, and there is a paucity of research exploring the manifestations and implications of self- stigma in people living with dementia in various contexts.
    Aim: To examine how self-stigma manifests in the experiences of people living with early-stage dementia in Santiago, Chile.
    Participants: Six men and five women living with early-stage dementia of the Alzheimer's type, aged between 64 and 82 years old (mean = 70).
    Methods: One-on-one interviews were conducted, focusing on the experience of people living with early-stage dementia to provide insights on how self-stigma manifests. Interviews were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis approach using Corrigan's social cognitive model of self-stigma (2016).
    Results: Self-stigma manifested as devaluation and blame at a cognitive level, and as restriction of participation at a behavioral level. Families and dementia education emerged as contextual elements that influenced the internalization of negative attributes in the participants' experiences.
    Conclusions: Consistent with previous qualitative research, we found that self-stigma has negative consequences as it concerns emotions, self-prejudices, and self-discrimination. This study provides distinctive insights on the process of internalization of stigma and the influence of external elements. Self-stigma remains an understudied but important feature of the dementia experience, an understanding of which can lead to developing and testing supportive approaches upon diagnosis to minimize its adverse effects.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chile ; Social Stigma ; Qualitative Research ; Emotions ; Dementia/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1474804-6
    ISSN 1364-6915 ; 1360-7863
    ISSN (online) 1364-6915
    ISSN 1360-7863
    DOI 10.1080/13607863.2021.1998351
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  5. Article: Population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors for dementia in Chile.

    Vergara, Rodrigo C / Zitko, Pedro / Slachevsky, Andrea / San Martin, Consuelo / Delgado, Carolina

    Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e12273

    Abstract: Introduction: Projected dementia incidence in Latin America and the Caribbean for the next decades is overwhelming. Access to local data, stratified by sex, is imperative for planning precise dementia-prevention strategies.: Methods: We analyzed the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Projected dementia incidence in Latin America and the Caribbean for the next decades is overwhelming. Access to local data, stratified by sex, is imperative for planning precise dementia-prevention strategies.
    Methods: We analyzed the individual and overall weighted population attributable fraction (PAF) of nine modifiable risk factors for dementia, in dementia-free subjects ≥45-years-old, using the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey.
    Results: The overall weighted PAF for modifiable risk factors was 45.8% (42.2% to 49.3%). Variables with the highest PAF were lower education, high blood pressure, hearing loss, and obesity. Women showed a greater overall weighted PAF: 50.7% (45.3% to -56.1%), compared to men: 40.2% (35.4% to 45.0%), driven by a higher PAF for physical inactivity and depression in women.
    Discussion: The PAF for modifiable risk factors for dementia in Chile is higher than in previous world reports, due to a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Women have a higher potential for dementia prevention.
    Highlights: The proportion of dementia associated to modifiable risk factors in Chile is 45.8%.The main modifiable risk factors are high blood pressure, obesity, and hearing loss.Women had a greater prevalence of physical inactivity and depression than men.Chile had a greater prevalence of metabolic risk factors than other world regions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2832898-X
    ISSN 2352-8729
    ISSN 2352-8729
    DOI 10.1002/dad2.12273
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  6. Article ; Online: The "when" matters: Evidence from memory markers in the clinical continuum of Alzheimer's disease.

    Forno, Gonzalo / Parra, Mario A / Thumala, Daniela / Villagra, Roque / Cerda, Mauricio / Zitko, Pedro / Ibañez, Agustín / Lillo, Patricia / Slachevsky, Andrea

    Neuropsychology

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 7, Page(s) 753–768

    Abstract: Objective: Cognitive assessment able to detect impairments in the early neuropathological stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is urgently needed. The visual short-term memory binding task (VSTMBT) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Cognitive assessment able to detect impairments in the early neuropathological stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is urgently needed. The visual short-term memory binding task (VSTMBT) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) have been recommended by the neurodegenerative disease working group as promising tests to aid in the early detection of AD. In this study, we investigated their complementary value across the clinical stages of the AD continuum.
    Method: One hundred and seventeen older adults with subjective cognitive complaint (SCC), 79 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 31 patients with AD dementia (ADD), and 37 cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects, underwent assessment with the VSTMBT and the picture version of the Spanish FCSRT.
    Results: After controlling for multiple comparisons, significant differences were found across groups. The VSTMBT was the only test that "marginally" differentiated between CU and SCC (
    Conclusions: Our results suggest that the VSTMBT and the FCSRT are sensitive to the clinical continuum of AD. Whereas the former detects changes in the early prodromal stages, the latter is more sensitive to the advanced prodromal stages of AD. These novel tests can aid in the early detection, monitor disease progression and response to treatment, and thus support drug development programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/psychology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1042412-x
    ISSN 1931-1559 ; 0894-4105
    ISSN (online) 1931-1559
    ISSN 0894-4105
    DOI 10.1037/neu0000891
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  7. Book: Enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras demencias

    Slachevsky, Andrea

    guía para familiares y cuidadores

    (Ciencias humanas. Medicina)

    2007  

    Author's details Andrea Slachevsky ... [et al.]
    Series title Ciencias humanas. Medicina
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease ; Dementia ; Home Nursing
    Language Spanish
    Size 200 p. :, ill.
    Edition 1. ed.
    Publisher LOM Ediciones
    Publishing place Santiago
    Document type Book
    ISBN 9789562828727 ; 9562828727
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  8. Article: Apathy, Executive Function, and Emotion Recognition Are the Main Drivers of Functional Impairment in Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia.

    Musa Salech, Gada / Lillo, Patricia / van der Hiele, Karin / Méndez-Orellana, Carolina / Ibáñez, Agustín / Slachevsky, Andrea

    Frontiers in neurology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 734251

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564214-5
    ISSN 1664-2295
    ISSN 1664-2295
    DOI 10.3389/fneur.2021.734251
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  9. Article: Automated text-level semantic markers of Alzheimer's disease.

    Sanz, Camila / Carrillo, Facundo / Slachevsky, Andrea / Forno, Gonzalo / Gorno Tempini, Maria Luisa / Villagra, Roque / Ibáñez, Agustín / Tagliazucchi, Enzo / García, Adolfo M

    Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e12276

    Abstract: Introduction: Automated speech analysis has emerged as a scalable, cost-effective tool to identify persons with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). Yet, most research is undermined by low interpretability and specificity.: Methods: Combining ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Automated speech analysis has emerged as a scalable, cost-effective tool to identify persons with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). Yet, most research is undermined by low interpretability and specificity.
    Methods: Combining statistical and machine learning analyses of natural speech data, we aimed to discriminate ADD patients from healthy controls (HCs) based on automated measures of domains typically affected in ADD: semantic granularity (coarseness of concepts) and ongoing semantic variability (conceptual closeness of successive words). To test for specificity, we replicated the analyses on Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
    Results: Relative to controls, ADD (but not PD) patients exhibited significant differences in both measures. Also, these features robustly discriminated between ADD patients and HC, while yielding near-chance classification between PD patients and HCs.
    Discussion: Automated discourse-level semantic analyses can reveal objective, interpretable, and specific markers of ADD, bridging well-established neuropsychological targets with digital assessment tools.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2832898-X
    ISSN 2352-8729
    ISSN 2352-8729
    DOI 10.1002/dad2.12276
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  10. Article ; Online: The Latin American Brain Health Institute, a regional initiative to reduce the scale and impact of dementia.

    Duran-Aniotz, Claudia / Sanhueza, Jorge / Grinberg, Lea T / Slachevsky, Andrea / Valcour, Victor / Robertson, Ian / Lawlor, Brian / Miller, Bruce / Ibáñez, Agustín

    Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 9, Page(s) 1696–1698

    Abstract: Latin American and Caribbean countries face complex challenges to improve brain health and reduce the impact of dementia. Regional hubs devoted to research, capacity building, implementation science, and education are critically needed. The Latin ... ...

    Abstract Latin American and Caribbean countries face complex challenges to improve brain health and reduce the impact of dementia. Regional hubs devoted to research, capacity building, implementation science, and education are critically needed. The Latin American Brain Health Institute represent an important step to address many of these needs.
    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Dementia ; Humans ; Latin America
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type News ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2211627-8
    ISSN 1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
    ISSN (online) 1552-5279
    ISSN 1552-5260
    DOI 10.1002/alz.12710
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