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Article ; Online: Treatment of Pain in Fish.

Sladky, Kurt K

The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice

2022 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–26

Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of our current understanding of clinical analgesic use in fish. Recently, the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of several analgesic drugs for use in fish have been investigated, and the most important data indicates that μ- ... ...

Abstract	This chapter provides an overview of our current understanding of clinical analgesic use in fish. Recently, the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of several analgesic drugs for use in fish have been investigated, and the most important data indicates that μ-opioid agonist drugs (e.g, morphine) are consistently effective as analgesics across fish species. In addition, bath application of some analgesic drugs may be useful, which affords multiple methods for delivering analgesics to fish. Although few published studies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administered to fish show promise, we have much to learn about the analgesic efficacy of most drugs in this class.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Pain/drug therapy ; Pain/veterinary ; Analgesics/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Analgesics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1558-4232
ISSN (online)	1558-4232
DOI	10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.003
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Article ; Online: Treatment of Pain in Reptiles.

Sladky, Kurt K

The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice

2022 Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 43–64

Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of our current understanding of clinical analgesic use in reptiles. Currently, μ-opioid agonist drugs are the standard of care for analgesia in reptiles. Reptile pain is no longer considered a necessary part of recovery ... ...

Abstract	This chapter provides an overview of our current understanding of clinical analgesic use in reptiles. Currently, μ-opioid agonist drugs are the standard of care for analgesia in reptiles. Reptile pain is no longer considered a necessary part of recovery to keep the reptile from becoming active too early. Rather, treating pain allows for the reptile to begin normalizing their behavior. This recognition of pain and analgesia certainly benefits our reptile patients and greatly improves reptile welfare, but it also benefits our students and house officers, who will carry the torch and continue to demand excellence in reptile medicine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Pain/drug therapy ; Pain/veterinary ; Reptiles ; Analgesia/veterinary ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Pain Management/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Analgesics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1558-4232
ISSN (online)	1558-4232
DOI	10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.004
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Article: PHARMACOKINETICS OF TRAMADOL AND O-DESMETHYLTRAMADOL IN GIANT TORTOISES (

Yuschenkoff, Daniela / Cole, Gretchen A / D'Agostino, Jennifer / Lock, Brad / Cox, Sherry / Sladky, Kurt K

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians

2024 Volume 55, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–91

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of two orally administered doses of tramadol (1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) and its metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol (M1) in giant tortoises ( ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of two orally administered doses of tramadol (1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) and its metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol (M1) in giant tortoises (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Administration, Oral ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Area Under Curve ; Half-Life ; Tramadol/pharmacokinetics ; Tramadol/analogs & derivatives ; Turtles/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; O-demethyltramadol (2WA8F50C3F) ; Tramadol (39J1LGJ30J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174930-9
ISSN	1937-2825 ; 1042-7260
ISSN (online)	1937-2825
ISSN	1042-7260
DOI	10.1638/2023-0062
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Article ; Online: Lidocaine constant rate infusion improves the probability of survival in rabbits with gastrointestinal obstructions: 64 cases (2012-2021).

Huckins, Gail L / Tournade, Chelsey / Patson, Courtney / Sladky, Kurt K

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2023 Volume 262, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–67

Abstract: Objective: To determine the survival to discharge rate of rabbits with gastrointestinal obstructions treated with lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) and other factors associated with survival.: Animals: Cases of gastrointestinal obstruction in ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the survival to discharge rate of rabbits with gastrointestinal obstructions treated with lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) and other factors associated with survival. Animals: Cases of gastrointestinal obstruction in rabbits (n = 56, including 64 events) that had presented to a veterinary teaching hospital from 2012 to 2021. Methods: This was a retrospective study in which data on rabbits with evidence of gastrointestinal obstruction were extracted from veterinary teaching hospital medical records over a 9-year period. Systemic lidocaine treatment, breed, sex, age, temperature at presentation, blood glucose at presentation, and time to discharge or death were evaluated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge in rabbits with gastrointestinal obstruction. Results: Comparatively, 89.7% of rabbits treated with lidocaine CRI (n = 39) survived to hospital discharge, while only 56% of rabbits that were not treated with lidocaine CRI (25) survived. In the final multivariate analysis, 2 factors were associated with survival to discharge: rabbits treated with systemic lidocaine and male rabbits had increased odds of survival compared to those not treated with systemic lidocaine and female rabbits, respectively. Clinical relevance: Results demonstrated that rabbits with gastrointestinal obstruction and treated with a lidocaine CRI were more likely to survive compared to rabbits not treated with lidocaine CRI.
MeSH term(s)	Rabbits ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Lidocaine/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Hospitals, Animal ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Probability ; Intestinal Obstruction/drug therapy ; Intestinal Obstruction/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Lidocaine (98PI200987)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.23.05.0274
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Zs.A 423: Show issues

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bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Sodium intoxication in a domestic rabbit

Patson, Courtney / Sladky, Kurt K

Journal of exotic pet medicine. 2020 Oct., v. 35

2020

Abstract: Background: Sodium chloride intoxication is commonly described in mammals, but there are no clinical reports of sodium chloride intoxication in a pet domestic rabbit. Case description: A pet domestic rabbit was presented for an acute onset of seizure- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sodium chloride intoxication is commonly described in mammals, but there are no clinical reports of sodium chloride intoxication in a pet domestic rabbit. Case description: A pet domestic rabbit was presented for an acute onset of seizure-like activity, ataxia, vestibular-associated rolling, and obtunded mentation. The result of a computed tomography scan of the head was within normal limits and complete blood count revealed neutrophilia. Results of a serum biochemical profile included marked hypernatremia and elevated alanine aminotransferase. Subcutaneous fluids, oral fenbendazole, anti-inflammatory therapy, and assisted feedings were started while the cause of hypernatremia was investigated. Further discussion with owners revealed that the patient was provided a Himalayan salt rock, which was purchased from a pet store and promoted for improving the mood of a pet rabbit. This helped to confirm the cause of hypernatremia and a diagnosis of salt toxicity. The rabbit's clinical signs and serum sodium level resolved after 48 hours of supportive care. Conclusions and case relevance: This is the first report of sodium chloride toxicosis in a pet rabbit and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for acute onset of neurologic signs in rabbits. Clinicians should be aware of commercial salt products being marketed for rabbits.
Keywords	alanine transaminase ; blood chemistry ; blood serum ; computed tomography ; emotions ; fenbendazole ; head ; medicine ; patients ; poisoning ; rabbits ; sodium ; sodium chloride ; therapeutics ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Size	p. 114-116.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2228614-7
ISSN	1557-5063
ISSN	1557-5063
DOI	10.1053/j.jepm.2020.09.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Comparison of Thermal and Mechanical Noxious Stimuli for Testing Analgesics in White's Tree Frogs (

Martinelli, Laura M / Johnson, Stephen M / Sladky, Kurt K

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

2021 Volume 60, Issue 6, Page(s) 687–691

Abstract: Determining the clinical efficacy of analgesic drugs in amphibians can be particularly challenging. The current study investigated whether a thermal nociceptive stimulus is useful for the evaluation of analgesic drugs in 2 amphibian species. The ... ...

Abstract	Determining the clinical efficacy of analgesic drugs in amphibians can be particularly challenging. The current study investigated whether a thermal nociceptive stimulus is useful for the evaluation of analgesic drugs in 2 amphibian species. The objectives of this study were 2-fold: 1) compare 2 models of nociception (thermal and mechanical) using 2 frog species; White's Tree Frogs (
MeSH term(s)	Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anura ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Rana pipiens
Chemical Substances	Analgesics ; Morphine (76I7G6D29C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1559-6109
ISSN	1559-6109
DOI	10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000010
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Article ; Online: Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in Northern leopard frogs (

Hawkins, Shawna J / Cox, Sherry K / Sladky, Kurt K

American journal of veterinary research

2021 Volume 82, Issue 7, Page(s) 560–565

Abstract: Objective: To determine an optimal ceftazidime dosing strategy in Northern leopard frogs (: Animals: 44 Northern leopard frogs (including 10 that were replaced).: Procedures: Ceftazidime was administered to frogs SC in a forelimb at 20 mg/kg (n = ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine an optimal ceftazidime dosing strategy in Northern leopard frogs ( Animals: 44 Northern leopard frogs (including 10 that were replaced). Procedures: Ceftazidime was administered to frogs SC in a forelimb at 20 mg/kg (n = 10; SC20 group) and 40 mg/kg (10; SC40 group) or transcutaneously on the cranial dorsum at 20 mg/kg (10; TC20 group). Two frogs in each ceftazidime group were euthanized 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after drug administration. Plasma, renal, and skin concentrations of ceftazidime were measured by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Four control frogs were used for assay validation. Results: Mean plasma half-life of ceftazidime in the SC20, SC40, and TC20 groups was 9.01 hours, 14.49 hours, and too low to determine, respectively. Mean maximum plasma ceftazidime concentration was 92.9, 96.0, and 1.3 μg/mL, respectively. For 24 hours after drug administration in the SC20 and SC40 groups, plasma ceftazidime concentration exceeded 8 μg/mL. Renal and skin concentrations were detectable at both doses and routes of administration; however, skin concentrations were significantly lower than renal and plasma concentrations. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Findings indicated that ceftazidime administration to Northern leopard frogs at 20 mg/kg, SC, every 24 hours would achieve a plasma concentration exceeding the value considered effective against common amphibian pathogens. Transcutaneous administration of the injectable ceftazidime formulation at 20 mg/kg warrants further investigation but is not currently recommended because of a potential lack of efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ceftazidime ; Rana pipiens
Chemical Substances	Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390796-x
ISSN	1943-5681 ; 0002-9645
ISSN (online)	1943-5681
ISSN	0002-9645
DOI	10.2460/ajvr.82.7.560
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Zs.A 422: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Cannabis toxicity in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Mumm, Lauren E. / Huckins, Gail / Lueck, Lizabeth / Piskorowski, Kayla / Sladky, Kurt K.

Journal of exotic pet medicine. 2022 June 14,

2022

Abstract: Marijuana toxicity in pets has become more commonly reported due to increased exposure in the United States, however, has not previously been reported in lagomorphs. A 3-month-old, male, intact mini rex rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was evaluated on an ... ...

Abstract	Marijuana toxicity in pets has become more commonly reported due to increased exposure in the United States, however, has not previously been reported in lagomorphs. A 3-month-old, male, intact mini rex rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was evaluated on an emergency basis for a seizure-like episode. Significant abnormalities on physical exam at time of presentation included a subdued mentation, bradycardia, a sinus arrhythmia, and proprioceptive deficits. Results of a point-of-care blood glucose, complete blood count, and biochemistry panel were all clinically unremarkable. The rabbit was hospitalized for monitoring and subcutaneous fluids. During 10 hours of hospitalization, the rabbit maintained adequate appetite and stool production, and the neurologic signs and bradycardia resolved without further intervention. An over-the-counter human urine drug test was performed the following morning when the owners reported potential marijuana ingestion which was positive for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Due to resolution of clinical signs and suspicion of marijuana toxicity as reported by the owners and test results, the patient was discharged with continued monitoring and no recurrent concerns were reported. Marijuana toxicity has not been reported in any lagomorph species, but this case report suggests that it should be considered a differential diagnosis for acute onset of neurologic deficits in rabbits. Lack of previous reports in rabbits presents considerable challenges for expected clinical impact and therapy, however despite delay in confirming cannabis toxicity, this animal recovered completely without intensive care. The information provided from this case report may benefit veterinary professionals in identifying tetrahydrocannabinol toxicity in pet rabbits.
Keywords	Cannabis sativa ; Oryctolagus cuniculus ; appetite ; arrhythmia ; blood ; blood glucose ; case studies ; drugs ; humans ; ingestion ; males ; medicine ; patients ; point-of-care systems ; rabbits ; tetrahydrocannabinol ; therapeutics ; toxicity ; urine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0614
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2228614-7
ISSN	1557-5063
ISSN	1557-5063
DOI	10.1053/j.jepm.2022.06.004
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Article ; Online: Respiratory and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine and doxapram in ball pythons (

Karklus, Alyssa A / Sladky, Kurt K / Johnson, Stephen M

American journal of veterinary research

2020 Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–21

Abstract: Objective: To determine the effects of dexmedetomidine, doxapram, and dexmedetomidine plus doxapram on ventilation ([Formula: see text]e), breath frequency, and tidal volume (Vt) in ball pythons (: Animals: 14 ball pythons.: Procedures: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the effects of dexmedetomidine, doxapram, and dexmedetomidine plus doxapram on ventilation ([Formula: see text]e), breath frequency, and tidal volume (Vt) in ball pythons ( Animals: 14 ball pythons. Procedures: Respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and doxapram were assessed with whole-body, closed-chamber plethysmography, which allowed for estimates of [Formula: see text]e and Vt. In the first experiment of this study with a complete crossover design, snakes were injected, SC, with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg), doxapram (10 mg/kg), or dexmedetomidine and doxapram, and breath frequency, [Formula: see text]e, and Vt were measured before and every 30 minutes thereafter, through 240 minutes. In the second experiment, antinociceptive efficacy of saline solution, dexmedetomidine, and dexmedetomidine plus doxapram was assessed by measuring thermal withdrawal latencies before and 60 minutes after SC injection. Results: Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased breath frequency and increased Vt but did not affect [Formula: see text]e at all time points, compared with baseline. Doxapram significantly increased [Formula: see text]e, breath frequency, and Vt at 60 minutes after injection, compared with saline solution. The combination of dexmedetomidine and doxapram, compared with dexmedetomidine alone, significantly increased [Formula: see text]e at 30 and 60 minutes after injection and did not affect breath frequency and Vt at all time points. Thermal withdrawal latencies significantly increased when snakes received dexmedetomidine or dexmedetomidine plus doxapram, versus saline solution. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Concurrent administration of doxapram may mitigate the dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of breathing frequency without disrupting thermal antinociceptive efficacy in ball pythons.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Boidae ; Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology ; Doxapram/pharmacology ; Respiration
Chemical Substances	Analgesics ; Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO) ; Doxapram (94F3830Q73)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	390796-x
ISSN	1943-5681 ; 0002-9645
ISSN (online)	1943-5681
ISSN	0002-9645
DOI	10.2460/ajvr.82.1.11
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 422: Show issues

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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Effect of Manual Restraint and Visual Security on Heart Rate in Dyeing Poison Dart Frogs (Dendrobates tinctorius azureus) and Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)

Jacobson, Connor / Doss, Grayson A / Yaw, Taylor J / Mans, Christoph / Sladky, Kurt K

Journal of herpetological medicine and surgery. 2021 May 12, v. 31, no. 1

2021

Abstract: Frogs are popular exotic pets and research subjects. Manual restraint is routinely used for basic procedures in frogs, including examination and sample collection, but there is little information on its physiologic effects in amphibians. Previous ... ...

Abstract	Frogs are popular exotic pets and research subjects. Manual restraint is routinely used for basic procedures in frogs, including examination and sample collection, but there is little information on its physiologic effects in amphibians. Previous literature suggested that amphibians lack emotional responses and, therefore, consciousness, based upon an inability to elicit stress tachycardia with gentle handling. To determine if manual restraint results in a stress tachycardia in frogs, 10 poison dart frogs (Dendrobates tinctorius) and 8 leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) were manually restrained and heart rate (HR) recorded at both the pectoral girdle and pelvic patch using a Doppler flow probe. Frogs were randomly placed in one of two (opaque versus translucent) types of plastic containers for 22 min and HR measured every 2 min through the bottom of the container using the frogs' pelvic patch area. Frogs were then removed from the container, manually restrained again, and HR recorded. Heart rate decreased significantly after the frogs were placed in the containers following manual restraint, and increased significantly for the second restraint period. There were no significant differences in measured HR between anatomic sites (pelvic vs. pectoral) or container types. Contrary to previous descriptions, these results demonstrated that, similar to other mammal and reptile species, frogs demonstrated stress tachycardia during manual restraint, and, therefore, clinicians and researchers should be mindful of induced stress when restraining amphibians.
Keywords	Dendrobates ; Lithobates pipiens ; consciousness ; heart rate ; mammals ; medicine ; reptiles ; surgery ; tachycardia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0512
Size	p. 59-63.
Publishing place	Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2634490-7
ISSN	1529-9651
ISSN	1529-9651
DOI	10.5818/20-00021.1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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