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Book ; Online: Causes et conditions extérieures des maladies et de la santé

Slama, Rémy

Leçon inaugurale prononcée le jeudi 31 mars 2022

(Leçons inaugurales)

2022

Series title	Leçons inaugurales
Keywords	Illness & addiction: social aspects ; Medicine ; History of medicine ; santé publique ; santé environnementale ; environnement ; épidémiologie environnementale ; cancer ; maladies cardiovasculaires ; maladies neurodégénératives ; pollution ; Anthropocène ; maladies chroniques
Language	fra
Size	1 electronic resource (128 pages)
Publisher	Collège de France
Publishing place	Paris
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	French
HBZ-ID	HT030376695
ISBN	9782213725086 ; 221372508X
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Instability of Variable-selection Algorithms Used to Identify True Predictors of an Outcome in Intermediate-dimension Epidemiologic Studies.

Cadiou, Solène / Slama, Rémy

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)

2021 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 402–411

Abstract: Background: Machine-learning algorithms are increasingly used in epidemiology to identify true predictors of a health outcome when many potential predictors are measured. However, these algorithms can provide different outputs when repeatedly applied to ...

Abstract	Background: Machine-learning algorithms are increasingly used in epidemiology to identify true predictors of a health outcome when many potential predictors are measured. However, these algorithms can provide different outputs when repeatedly applied to the same dataset, which can compromise research reproducibility. We aimed to illustrate that commonly used algorithms are unstable and, using the example of Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), that stabilization method choice is crucial. Methods: In a simulation study, we tested the stability and performance of widely used machine-learning algorithms (LASSO, Elastic-Net, and Deletion-Substitution-Addition [DSA]). We then assessed the effectiveness of six methods to stabilize LASSO and their impact on performance. We assumed that a linear combination of factors drawn from a simulated set of 173 quantitative variables assessed in 1,301 subjects influenced to varying extents a continuous health outcome. We assessed model stability, sensitivity, and false discovery proportion. Results: All tested algorithms were unstable. For LASSO, stabilization methods improved stability without ensuring perfect stability, a finding confirmed by application to an exposome study. Stabilization methods also affected performance. Specifically, stabilization based on hyperparameter optimization, frequently implemented in epidemiology, increased the false discovery proportion dramatically when predictors explained a low share of outcome variability. In contrast, stabilization based on stability selection procedure often decreased the false discovery proportion, while sometimes simultaneously lowering sensitivity. Conclusions: Machine-learning methods instability should concern epidemiologists relying on them for variable selection, as stabilizing a model can impact its performance. For LASSO, stabilization methods based on stability selection procedure (rather than addressing prediction stability) should be preferred to identify true predictors.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Computer Simulation ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1053263-8
ISSN	1531-5487 ; 1044-3983
ISSN (online)	1531-5487
ISSN	1044-3983
DOI	10.1097/EDE.0000000000001340
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Article ; Online: The methodology of quantitative risk assessment studies.

Rigaud, Maxime / Buekers, Jurgen / Bessems, Jos / Basagaña, Xavier / Mathy, Sandrine / Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark / Slama, Rémy

Environmental health : a global access science source

2024 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 13

Abstract: Once an external factor has been deemed likely to influence human health and a dose response function is available, an assessment of its health impact or that of policies aimed at influencing this and possibly other factors in a specific population can ... ...

Abstract	Once an external factor has been deemed likely to influence human health and a dose response function is available, an assessment of its health impact or that of policies aimed at influencing this and possibly other factors in a specific population can be obtained through a quantitative risk assessment, or health impact assessment (HIA) study. The health impact is usually expressed as a number of disease cases or disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to or expected from the exposure or policy. We review the methodology of quantitative risk assessment studies based on human data. The main steps of such studies include definition of counterfactual scenarios related to the exposure or policy, exposure(s) assessment, quantification of risks (usually relying on literature-based dose response functions), possibly economic assessment, followed by uncertainty analyses. We discuss issues and make recommendations relative to the accuracy and geographic scale at which factors are assessed, which can strongly influence the study results. If several factors are considered simultaneously, then correlation, mutual influences and possibly synergy between them should be taken into account. Gaps or issues in the methodology of quantitative risk assessment studies include 1) proposing a formal approach to the quantitative handling of the level of evidence regarding each exposure-health pair (essential to consider emerging factors); 2) contrasting risk assessment based on human dose-response functions with that relying on toxicological data; 3) clarification of terminology of health impact assessment and human-based risk assessment studies, which are actually very similar, and 4) other technical issues related to the simultaneous consideration of several factors, in particular when they are causally linked.
MeSH term(s)	Risk Assessment/methods ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2092232-2
ISSN	1476-069X ; 1476-069X
ISSN (online)	1476-069X
ISSN	1476-069X
DOI	10.1186/s12940-023-01039-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Association of Daily Temperature With Suicide Mortality: A Comparison With Other Causes of Death and Characterization of Possible Attenuation Across 5 Decades.

Lehmann, Fanny / Alary, Pierre-Etienne / Rey, Grégoire / Slama, Rémy

American journal of epidemiology

2022 Volume 191, Issue 12, Page(s) 2037–2050

Abstract: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in young adults in many Western countries. We examined the short-term association of temperature with cause-specific mortality, comparing suicide with other causes of death and describing possible attenuation ...

Abstract	Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in young adults in many Western countries. We examined the short-term association of temperature with cause-specific mortality, comparing suicide with other causes of death and describing possible attenuation of associations with temperature across decades. We considered all deaths that occurred in France between 1968 and 2016. For each cause of death, we conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis of associations with daily temperature. We stratified the association across time periods. A total of 502,017 deaths by suicide were recorded over 49 years. Temperature was monotonically associated with suicide mortality. The strongest association was found at lag 0 days. The relative risk of suicide mortality at the 99th (compared with the 1st) temperature percentile was 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.46, 1.63). Among all causes of death, suicide was the only cause displaying a monotonic trend with temperature and ranked seventh for heat-related mortality; 2 other causes of death implying the nervous system ranked third and fourth. Associations with temperature attenuated between the 1968-1984 and 1985-2000 periods for all-cause mortality and suicide mortality, without clear further attenuation in the 2001-2016 period. The robust short-term monotonic association between temperature and suicide risk could be considered in heat effects- and suicide-related prevention campaigns.
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Temperature ; Cause of Death ; Hot Temperature ; Risk ; Suicide ; Mortality
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwac150
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Article ; Online: Intra-breath changes in respiratory mechanics are sensitive to history of respiratory illness in preschool children: the SEPAGES cohort.

Siroux, Valérie / Boudier, Anne / Lyon-Caen, Sarah / Quentin, Joane / Gioria, Yoann / Hantos, Zoltán / Slama, Rémy / Pin, Isabelle / Bayat, Sam

Respiratory research

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 99

Abstract: Background: Intra-breath oscillometry has been proposed as a sensitive means of detecting airway obstruction in young children. We aimed to assess the impact of early life wheezing and lower respiratory tract illness on lung function, using both ... ...

Abstract	Background: Intra-breath oscillometry has been proposed as a sensitive means of detecting airway obstruction in young children. We aimed to assess the impact of early life wheezing and lower respiratory tract illness on lung function, using both standard and intra-breath oscillometry in 3 year old children. Methods: History of doctor-diagnosed asthma, wheezing, bronchiolitis and bronchitis and hospitalisation for respiratory problems were assessed by questionnaires in 384 population-based children. Association of respiratory history with standard and intra-breath oscillometry parameters, including resistance at 7 Hz (R Results: Among the 320 children who accepted the oscillometry test, 281 (88%) performed 3 technically acceptable and reproducible standard oscillometry measurements and 251 children also performed one intra-breath oscillometry measurement. Asthma was associated with higher R Conclusions: Our findings confirm the good success rate of oscillometry in 3-year-old children and indicate an association between a history of early-life wheezing and lower respiratory tract illness and lower lung function as assessed by both standard and intra-breath oscillometry. Our study supports the relevance of using intra-breath oscillometry parameters as sensitive outcome measures in preschool children in epidemiological cohorts.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis ; Spirometry ; Respiratory System ; Asthma/diagnosis ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis/diagnosis ; Bronchitis/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041675-1
ISSN	1465-993X ; 1465-993X
ISSN (online)	1465-993X
ISSN	1465-993X
DOI	10.1186/s12931-024-02701-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Invited commentary: sleep disturbances--another threat to male fecundity?

Slama, Rémy

American journal of epidemiology

2013 Volume 177, Issue 10, Page(s) 1038–1041

Abstract: In a cross-sectional study among 953 young Danish men (2008-2011), Jensen et al. reported that sleep disturbances showed inverse U-shaped associations with semen parameters and testis size (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(10):1027-1037). Sleep disturbances were ...

Abstract	In a cross-sectional study among 953 young Danish men (2008-2011), Jensen et al. reported that sleep disturbances showed inverse U-shaped associations with semen parameters and testis size (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(10):1027-1037). Sleep disturbances were associated with several factors likely to affect semen parameters (such as history of sexually transmitted infections) that cannot all be efficiently controlled for, leaving room for residual confounding. Future studies could adopt a longitudinal design and rely on objective personal measures of sleep quality and duration using accelerometers. Intervention studies would also be helpful to identify whether sleep disturbances (or improvement of sleep quality) can lead to short-term variations in semen parameters. This study adds another suspect to the list of factors possibly influencing male fecundity potential, which also includes overweight, exposure to tobacco smoke (in adulthood and in utero), exposure to specific persistent (lead, organic pollutants) and nonpersistent (some phthalates, bisphenol A) environmental pollutants, and exposure to atmospheric pollutants. Even if each of these factors has a weak impact at the individual level, the large number of factors and the relatively high prevalence of exposure in the general population make it likely that at the population level, lifestyle and environmental factors put a high burden on male fecundity potential.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Semen/physiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwt049
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Article ; Online: Breast Cancer Risk in Association with Atmospheric Pollution Exposure: A Meta-Analysis of Effect Estimates Followed by a Health Impact Assessment.

Gabet, Stephan / Lemarchand, Clémentine / Guénel, Pascal / Slama, Rémy

Environmental health perspectives

2021 Volume 129, Issue 5, Page(s) 57012

Abstract: Background: The epidemiological literature of associations between atmospheric pollutant exposure and breast cancer incidence has recently strongly evolved.: Objectives: We aimed to perform : Methods: We conducted a literature review and random- ... ...

Abstract	Background: The epidemiological literature of associations between atmospheric pollutant exposure and breast cancer incidence has recently strongly evolved. Objectives: We aimed to perform Methods: We conducted a literature review and random-effects meta-analyses of epidemiological studies examining the association of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to Results: The review identified 32, 27, and 36 effect estimates for Conclusion: These findings suggest that decreasing long-term
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Female ; Health Impact Assessment ; Humans ; Risk
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	195189-0
ISSN	1552-9924 ; 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
ISSN (online)	1552-9924
ISSN	0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
DOI	10.1289/EHP8419
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Article ; Online: Correction to "Statistical Approaches to Study Exposome-Health Associations in the Context of Repeated Exposure Data: A Simulation Study".

Warembourg, Charline / Anguita-Ruiz, Augusto / Siroux, Valérie / Slama, Rémy / Vrijheid, Martine / Richiardi, Lorenzo / Basagaña, Xavier

Environmental science & technology

2024 Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 2162

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.3c10626
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Exposome Approach to Decipher the Role of Multiple Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants in Asthma.

Guillien, Alicia / Cadiou, Solène / Slama, Rémy / Siroux, Valérie

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 3

Abstract: Asthma is a widespread respiratory disease caused by complex contribution from genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. For several decades, its sensitivity to environmental factors has been investigated in single exposure (or single family of ... ...

Abstract	Asthma is a widespread respiratory disease caused by complex contribution from genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. For several decades, its sensitivity to environmental factors has been investigated in single exposure (or single family of exposures) studies, which might be a narrow approach to tackle the etiology of such a complex multifactorial disease. The emergence of the exposome concept, introduced by C. Wild (2005), offers an alternative to address exposure-health associations. After presenting an overview of the exposome concept, we discuss different statistical approaches used to study the exposome-health associations and review recent studies linking multiple families of exposures to asthma-related outcomes. The few studies published so far on the association between the exposome and asthma-related outcomes showed differences in terms of study design, population, exposome definition and statistical methods used, making their results difficult to compare. Regarding statistical methods, most studies applied successively univariate (Exposome-Wide Association Study (ExWAS)) and multivariate (adjusted for co-exposures) (e.g., Deletion-Substitution-Addition (DSA) algorithm) regression-based models. This latest approach makes it possible to assess associations between a large set of exposures and asthma outcomes. However, it cannot address complex interactions (i.e., of order ≥3) or mixture effects. Other approaches like cluster-based analyses, that lead to the identification of specific profiles of exposure at risk for the studied health-outcome, or mediation analyses, that allow the integration of information from intermediate biological layers, could offer a new avenue in the understanding of the environment-asthma association. European projects focusing on the exposome research have recently been launched and should provide new results to help fill the gap that currently exists in our understanding of the effect of environment on respiratory health.
MeSH term(s)	Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/etiology ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants ; Exposome ; Humans ; Life Style
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18031138
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Article ; Online: Cytokines as mediators of the associations of prenatal exposure to phenols, parabens, and phthalates with internalizing behaviours at age 3 in boys: A mixture exposure and mediation approach

Khalfallah, Olfa / Barbosa, Susana / Phillipat, Claire / Slama, Remy / Galera, Cédric / Heude, Barbara / Glaichenhaus, Nicolas / Davidovic, Laetitia

Environmental Research. 2023 Apr. 14, p.115865-

2023 , Page(s) 115865–

Abstract: Childhood internalizing disorders refer to inwardly focused negative behaviours such as anxiety, depression, and somatic complains. Interactions between psychosocial, genetic, and environmental risk factors adversely impact neurodevelopment and can ... ...

Abstract	Childhood internalizing disorders refer to inwardly focused negative behaviours such as anxiety, depression, and somatic complains. Interactions between psychosocial, genetic, and environmental risk factors adversely impact neurodevelopment and can contribute to internalizing disorders. While prenatal exposure to single endocrine disruptors (EDs) is associated with internalizing behaviours in infants, the associations with prenatal exposure to ED in mixture remain poorly addressed. In addition, the biological mediators of EDs in mixture effects on internalizing behaviours remain unexplored. EDs do not only interfere with endocrine function, but also with immune function and inflammatory processes. Based on this body of evidence, we hypothetised that inflammation at birth is a plausible biological pathway through which prenatal exposure to EDs in mixture could operate to influence offspring internalizing behaviours. Based on the EDEN birth cohort, we investigated whether exposure to a mixture of EDs increased the odds of internalizing disorders in 459 boy infants at age 3, and whether the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α measured at birth are mediators of this effect. To determine both the joint and individual associations of prenatal exposure to EDs with infant internalizing behaviours and the possible mediating role of cytokines, we used the counterfactual hierarchical Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) regression-causal mediation analysis. We show that prenatal exposure to a complex mixture of EDs has limited effects on internalizing behaviours in boys at age 3. We also show that IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α are unlikely mediators or suppressors of ED mixture effects on internalizing behaviours in boys at age 3. Further studies on larger cohorts are warranted to refine the deleterious effects of EDs in mixtures on internalizing behaviours and identify possible mediating pathways.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; anxiety ; boys ; childhood ; immune response ; inflammation ; interleukin-6 ; maternal exposure ; neurodevelopment ; phthalates ; progeny ; research ; risk ; Endocrine disruptors ; Mixture ; Cytokines ; Internalizing behaviour ; Mother-child birth cohort ; Hierarchical BKMR ; Mediation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0414
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.115865
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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