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  1. Article ; Online: Comparing the use of food and physical activity parenting practices: Parents of children with overweight and obesity versus parents of children with a healthy weight.

    Arayess, Lisanne / Gerards, Sanne M / Larsen, Junilla K / van der Borgh-Sleddens, Ester F C / Vreugdenhil, Anita C E

    Obesity Pillars (Online)

    2023  Volume 7, Page(s) 100078

    Abstract: Background: Paediatric overweight and obesity are caused by a complex imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Parents may influence this imbalance through energy balance-related parenting practices. This study aims to compare the use of energy ... ...

    Abstract Background: Paediatric overweight and obesity are caused by a complex imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Parents may influence this imbalance through energy balance-related parenting practices. This study aims to compare the use of energy balance-related parenting practices between parents of children with overweight and obesity and children with a healthy weight.
    Methods: This study compares energy balance-related parenting practices among a group of parents with children with overweight and obesity at the start of a lifestyle intervention (N = 107) and children with a healthy weight (N = 137). Specifically, it compares the feeding practices 'overt control' (open control over eating), 'encouragement', 'instrumental feeding', 'emotional feeding', and 'covert control' (hidden control over eating), as well as the physical activity parenting practice 'promoting physical activity'. Multiple regression analyses are used to calculate associations between child weight groups and parenting practices when corrected for children's characteristics.
    Results: Parents of children with overweight and obesity reported significantly different scores on control over eating practices than parents of children with a healthy weight, namely a significantly higher score on covert control (B = 0.397, S.E. 0.123, p = 0.001) and a significantly lower score for overt control (B = -0.136, S.E. 0.068, p = 0.046).
    Conclusion: Covert control is reported more, while overt control is reported less in parents of children with overweight and obesity compared to parents of children with a healthy weight, even after correction for the child's, family, and maternal characteristics. Future longitudinal research and intervention trials are recommended to determine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2667-3681
    ISSN (online) 2667-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100078
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Correlates of Dietary Behaviors Among Young Emirati Males Completing Compulsory Military Service.

    Malkawi, Ahmad M / Meertens, Ree M / Kremers, Stef P J / van der Borgh-Sleddens, Ester F C / Picknell, Gareth C / Al Shehhi, Mouza

    Military medicine

    2022  Volume 188, Issue 11-12, Page(s) 3488–3495

    Abstract: Introduction: It is important to understand the correlates of different dietary behaviors in a military context in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to guide intervention development to prevent and treat obesity as it has a significant impact at the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: It is important to understand the correlates of different dietary behaviors in a military context in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to guide intervention development to prevent and treat obesity as it has a significant impact at the country and regional level. This study aimed to assess different dietary behaviors and their association with potential correlates including age, marital status, educational level, smoking status, screen time, dietary knowledge, eating self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy.
    Materials and methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and included 153 (M = 25.9 years, SD = ± 3.2) military recruits completing their basic training at a single military camp in the UAE. Dietary behaviors of these recruits were measured using the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study. Other potential correlates included dietary knowledge, general self-efficacy, and eating efficacy. The ethical approval was obtained from the research ethics committee in the UAE university.
    Results: Daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and breakfast was reported by 14.4%, 25.5%, and 22.9% of the military recruits, respectively. Almost half of the recruits (46.4%) consumed sugar-sweetened drinks more than 3 times a week, 39.2% consumed fast food more than 3 times a week, and 37.3% consumed sweets/chocolates more than 3 times a week. Bivariate regression analyses revealed that eating self-efficacy was positively associated with breakfast and dairy food consumption, although it was inversely associated with sugar, fast-food, and French fries intake. Age was significantly and inversely associated with sugar, fast-food, and energy drink intake. Moreover, nutrition knowledge was significantly and positively correlated with vegetable intake and negatively correlated with energy drink consumption. Multiple regressions showed that lower age and lower eating self-efficacy were found to be the main predictors for sugar-sweetened drinks (adjusted R2 = 0.112) and fast-food intake (adjusted R2 = 0.084). Also, a higher dietary knowledge score was a predictor of vegetable intake (adjusted R2 = 0.093), although age and smoking predict energy drink intake (adjusted R2 = 0.225).
    Conclusions: The results show that unhealthy eating patterns are common among new recruits in the UAE military. The study suggests that age, eating self-efficacy, and nutrition knowledge are the main correlates of selected dietary behaviors. Interventions are advised to target these correlates to achieve healthier dietary habits inside the military.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; United Arab Emirates/epidemiology ; Military Personnel ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Sugars
    Chemical Substances Sugars
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391061-1
    ISSN 1930-613X ; 0026-4075
    ISSN (online) 1930-613X
    ISSN 0026-4075
    DOI 10.1093/milmed/usac150
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Parenting styles, feeding styles and food-related parenting practices in relation to toddlers' eating styles: A cluster-analytic approach.

    van der Horst, Klazine / Sleddens, Ester F C

    PloS one

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) e0178149

    Abstract: Introduction: Toddlers' eating behaviors are influenced by the way parents interact with their children. The objective of this study was to explore how five major constructs of general parenting behavior cluster in parents of toddlers. These parenting ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Toddlers' eating behaviors are influenced by the way parents interact with their children. The objective of this study was to explore how five major constructs of general parenting behavior cluster in parents of toddlers. These parenting clusters were further explored to see how they differed in the use of feeding strategies (i.e. feeding styles and food parenting practices) and by reported child eating styles.
    Methods: An online survey with 1005 mothers/caregivers (legal guardians) with at least one child between 12 and 36 months old was conducted in the United States in 2012, assessing general parenting behavior, feeding style, food parenting practices and the child eating styles.
    Results: A three cluster solution of parenting style was found and clusters were labelled as overprotective/supervising, authoritarian, and authoritative. The clusters differed in terms of general parenting behaviors. Both overprotective and authoritative clusters showed high scores on structure, behavioral control, and nurturance. The overprotective cluster scored high on overprotection. The 'authoritarian' cluster showed lowest levels of nurturance, structure and behavioral control. Overprotective and authoritative parents showed very similar patterns in the use of food parenting practices, e.g. monitoring food intake, modeling, and promoting healthy food intake and availability at home. Overprotective parents also reported higher use of pressure to eat and involvement. Authoritarian parents reported high use of giving the child control over their food behaviors, emotion regulation, using food as a reward, and controlling food intake for weight control. Children's eating styles did not largely vary by parenting cluster.
    Conclusion: This study showed that a relatively new parenting style of overprotection is relevant for children's eating behaviors. Overprotective parents reported food parenting practices that are known to be beneficial for children's food intake, such as modelling healthy food intake, as well as more unfavorable practices such as pressure. Longitudinal data on parenting practices and their relation to healthy eating in children is needed to inform communication and interventions for parents, reinforcing key feeding strategies which have positive effects on child eating behaviors and addressing parenting styles that have unintended negative effects.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Child, Preschool ; Cluster Analysis ; Feeding Behavior/psychology ; Female ; Food ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting/psychology ; Psychology, Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0178149
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: The reliability of the general functioning scale in Norwegian 13–15-year-old adolescents and association with family dinner frequency

    Hausken, Solveig E. S / Lie, Hanne C / Lien, Nanna / Sleddens, Ester F. C / Melbye, Elisabeth L / Bjelland, Mona

    Nutrition journal. 2019 Dec., v. 18, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Family environment is crucial to the development of health behaviors into adolescence and adulthood. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the reliability of the General Functioning Scale (GFS) among Norwegian 13-15-year-olds, and (2) to ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Family environment is crucial to the development of health behaviors into adolescence and adulthood. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the reliability of the General Functioning Scale (GFS) among Norwegian 13-15-year-olds, and (2) to assess whether family functioning reported by adolescents was associated with family dinner frequency. METHODS: In total 440 secondary-school students were invited to participate in this cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey, with 54 participating in the test-retest study. Test-retest and internal consistency were assessed for the 12-item GFS-scale. Associations between family functioning and family dinner frequency were tested using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The GFS had high internal consistency (corrected item-total correlations ranging from 0.40 to 0.65, Cronbach’s α = 0.85), and excellent test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.83). In the logistic regression model, a higher score on GFS (poorer family functioning) was associated with a reduced likelihood of having dinner together on a daily basis (i.e., 6–7 times per week, OR = 0.36, CI = 0.20–0-64) after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, living situation and parental education level. CONCLUSIONS: The GFS had high reliability. As poorer family functioning was associated with less frequent family dinners, the family environment may be an important (contextual) target to influence adolescent health behaviors. It would be of interest to further explore the role of family functioning in relation to adolescents’ dietary habits, besides shared family meals, and to reveal the mechanisms underlying such relationships.
    Keywords Internet ; adolescence ; adolescents ; adulthood ; dinner ; eating habits ; educational status ; family relations ; gender ; health behavior ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; questionnaires ; regression analysis ; students ; surveys
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-12
    Size p. 20.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1475-2891
    DOI 10.1186/s12937-019-0447-1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: General Parenting Styles and Children's Obesity Risk: Changing Focus.

    Larsen, Junilla K / Sleddens, Ester F C / Vink, Jacqueline M / Fisher, Jennifer O / Kremers, Stef P J

    Frontiers in psychology

    2018  Volume 9, Page(s) 2119

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Dietary, physical activity, and weight management interventions among active-duty military personnel: a systematic review.

    Malkawi, Ahmad M / Meertens, Ree M / Kremers, Stef P J / Sleddens, Ester F C

    Military Medical Research

    2018  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 43

    Abstract: Background: Research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of weight management, dietary and physical activity interventions in military settings. However, a recent and comprehensive overview is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of weight management, dietary and physical activity interventions in military settings. However, a recent and comprehensive overview is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the evidence and describe key components of effective interventions in terms of improving body composition, dietary behaviors, and physical activity among active-duty military personnel.
    Methods: PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched on the 17th of November 2017 to identify interventions that promoted diet and/or physical activity among active-duty military personnel. Studies were included if they assessed outcomes related to anthropometric measurements, dietary behaviors, or fitness/physical activity levels. There were no restrictions regarding publication date, follow-up duration, and sex. After screening, a total of 136 studies were eligible. Of these studies, 38 included an educational and/or behavioral change component, and 98 had only physical or fitness training as part of basic military training. Only studies that included an educational and/or behavioral change component were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool and included in the qualitative synthesis of the results.
    Results: Based on consistent evidence from studies that were rated as moderate or strong, there is good evidence that military weight management interventions are effective in improving body composition for durations of up to 12 months. Effective interventions are more likely to be high intensity (have a greater number of sessions), are more often delivered by specialists, and use theoretical base/behavioral change techniques and a standardized guideline. Dietary interventions can potentially reduce total fat and saturated fat intake. Dietary interventions that target the kitchen staff and/or increase the availability of healthy food are more likely to be effective in the short term. The results regarding military physical fitness interventions were inconclusive.
    Conclusion: Despite limitations such as the diversity and heterogeneity of the included interventions, outcome measurements, and follow-up duration, this systematic review found good evidence that weight management interventions are effective, especially in terms of weight loss. More studies are needed to acquire solid evidence for effectiveness for durations longer than 12 months and to identify key components of the effective dietary and physical activity educational and/or behavioral change interventions, especially in countries outside Europe and the US.
    MeSH term(s) Body Weight Maintenance/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Exercise/psychology ; Feeding Behavior/psychology ; Humans ; Military Personnel/education ; Military Personnel/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2768940-2
    ISSN 2054-9369 ; 2054-9369
    ISSN (online) 2054-9369
    ISSN 2054-9369
    DOI 10.1186/s40779-018-0190-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The reliability of the general functioning scale in Norwegian 13-15-year-old adolescents and association with family dinner frequency.

    Hausken, Solveig E S / Lie, Hanne C / Lien, Nanna / Sleddens, Ester F C / Melbye, Elisabeth L / Bjelland, Mona

    Nutrition journal

    2019  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 20

    Abstract: Background: Family environment is crucial to the development of health behaviors into adolescence and adulthood. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the reliability of the General Functioning Scale (GFS) among Norwegian 13-15-year-olds, and (2) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Family environment is crucial to the development of health behaviors into adolescence and adulthood. The aims of this study were (1) to explore the reliability of the General Functioning Scale (GFS) among Norwegian 13-15-year-olds, and (2) to assess whether family functioning reported by adolescents was associated with family dinner frequency.
    Methods: In total 440 secondary-school students were invited to participate in this cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey, with 54 participating in the test-retest study. Test-retest and internal consistency were assessed for the 12-item GFS-scale. Associations between family functioning and family dinner frequency were tested using multiple logistic regression.
    Results: The GFS had high internal consistency (corrected item-total correlations ranging from 0.40 to 0.65, Cronbach's α = 0.85), and excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.83). In the logistic regression model, a higher score on GFS (poorer family functioning) was associated with a reduced likelihood of having dinner together on a daily basis (i.e., 6-7 times per week, OR = 0.36, CI = 0.20-0-64) after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, living situation and parental education level.
    Conclusions: The GFS had high reliability. As poorer family functioning was associated with less frequent family dinners, the family environment may be an important (contextual) target to influence adolescent health behaviors. It would be of interest to further explore the role of family functioning in relation to adolescents' dietary habits, besides shared family meals, and to reveal the mechanisms underlying such relationships.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Relations/psychology ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Meals/psychology ; Norway ; Reproducibility of Results ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1475-2891
    ISSN (online) 1475-2891
    DOI 10.1186/s12937-019-0447-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Bidirectional associations between activity-related parenting practices, and child physical activity, sedentary screen-based behavior and body mass index: a longitudinal analysis

    Sleddens, EsterF. C / Jessica S. Gubbels / Stef P. J. Kremers / Eline van der Plas / Carel Thijs

    international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2017 Dec., v. 14, no. 1

    2017  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been generally assumed that activity-related parenting practices influence children’s activity behavior and weight status. However, vice versa parents may also change their parenting behaviors in response to their perceptions of their ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been generally assumed that activity-related parenting practices influence children’s activity behavior and weight status. However, vice versa parents may also change their parenting behaviors in response to their perceptions of their child’s activity behavior and weight status. This study examined the bidirectional relationships between activity-related parenting practices, and physical activity, sedentary screen-based behavior, and body mass index (BMI) between children’s age of 5 and 7 years. METHODS: Three scales of the Activity-related Parenting Questionnaire (i.e. ‘restriction of sedentary behavior’, ‘stimulation of physical activity’, and ‘monitoring of physical activity’) were completed by 1694 parents of the Dutch KOALA Birth Cohort Study at the child’s age of around 5 and again around age 7. Physical activity, sedentary screen-based behavior and BMI were measured at both ages as well. Linear regression models were used to estimate the bidirectional associations between each parenting practice and the child’s physical activity levels, sedentary screen-based behavior and BMI z-scores. RESULTS: Several parenting practices at age 5 predicted child physical activity, sedentary screen-based behavior, and BMI z-scores at age 7. Restriction of sedentary behavior positively predicted child BMI and sedentary screen-based behavior, whereas this practice negatively predicted child physical activity. In addition, stimulation of physical activity at age 5 was significantly associated with higher levels of child physical activity at age 7. The following child factors at age 5 predicted parenting practices at age 7: Child physical activity positively predicted parental stimulation of physical activity and monitoring activities. Sedentary screen-based behavior was associated with lower parental stimulation to be active. CONCLUSIONS: Findings generally revealed that parents and children mutually influence each other’s behavior. A reinforcing feedback loop was present between parental stimulation of physical activity and child physical activity. Bidirectional parent-child interaction should be considered in future research in order to properly inform parenting-related intervention programs aimed at preventing or treating childhood overweight or obesity. System dynamic methods to explore the existence of reinforcing or balancing loops are needed in this regard.
    Keywords body mass index ; childhood obesity ; children ; cohort studies ; longitudinal studies ; monitoring ; parents ; physical activity ; questionnaires ; regression analysis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-12
    Size p. 89.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1479-5868
    DOI 10.1186/s12966-017-0544-5
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Associations between parental impulsivity and child body mass index.

    Sleddens, Ester F C / Ten Hoor, Gill A / Kok, Gerjo / Kremers, Stef P J

    SpringerPlus

    2016  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 1422

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between parental impulsivity and (12-15 year old) child body mass index (BMI).: Methods: In total, 300 parents completed a survey regarding their own impulsivity level (Barratt ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between parental impulsivity and (12-15 year old) child body mass index (BMI).
    Methods: In total, 300 parents completed a survey regarding their own impulsivity level (Barratt impulsiveness scale) and that of their child (impulsivity scale of the temperament in middle childhood questionnaire), and supplied details of their own and their child's height and weight. Partial correlations were computed to assess relationships between both parental and child impulsiveness scores and child BMI z-scores, independent of parental BMI. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the potential mediating role of child impulsivity on the relationship between parental impulsivity and child BMI z-score.
    Results: For daughters, parental impulsivity was significantly correlated with BMI z-score. Parent-reported child impulsivity was not related to child BMI z-score, and no evidence was found for a mediating effect of parent-reported child impulsivity on the relationship between parental impulsivity and child BMI z-score.
    Conclusion: There is a stronger association between parental impulsivity and child BMI z-score than between child impulsivity and child BMI z-score. The relationship between parental impulsivity and-child BMI z-score could possibly be explained by parenting styles and practices. The potentially mediating role of parenting should be taken into account in future studies investigating the role of personality in children becoming overweight or obese.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2661116-8
    ISSN 2193-1801
    ISSN 2193-1801
    DOI 10.1186/s40064-016-3048-x
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  10. Article ; Online: Can it be harmful for parents to talk to their child about their weight? A meta-analysis.

    Gillison, Fiona B / Lorenc, Ava B / Sleddens, Ester F C / Williams, Stefanie L / Atkinson, Lou

    Preventive medicine

    2016  Volume 93, Page(s) 135–146

    Abstract: Many parents express concern that raising the issue of weight risks harming their child's physical self-perceptions and wellbeing. Such concerns can deter families from engaging with weight management services. This systematic review aimed to investigate ...

    Abstract Many parents express concern that raising the issue of weight risks harming their child's physical self-perceptions and wellbeing. Such concerns can deter families from engaging with weight management services. This systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence behind these concerns by analysing the association between parent-child weight-talk and child wellbeing. A systematic search of eight databases identified four intervention studies and 38 associative studies. Meta-analysis was only possible for the associative studies; to facilitate more meaningful comparisons, weight-talk was categorized into four communication types and effect size estimates for the association between these and wellbeing indicators were calculated through a random effects model. Encouraging children to lose weight and criticizing weight were associated with poorer physical self-perceptions and greater dieting and dysfunctional eating (effect sizes: 0.20 to 0.47). Conversely, parental encouragement of healthy lifestyles without explicit reference to weight was associated with better wellbeing, but this was only measured in two studies. Of the four intervention studies, only one isolated the effects of parents' communication on wellbeing outcomes, reporting a positive effect. There was no effect of age on the strength of associations, but dysfunctional eating was more strongly associated with parent communication for girls than boys. The findings indicate that some forms of parent-child weight-talk are associated with poor wellbeing, but suggest that this is not inevitable. Encouraging healthy behaviours without reference to weight-control, and positive parental involvement in acknowledging and addressing weight-concern may avoid such outcomes. More longitudinal research is needed to analyse the direction of these effects.
    MeSH term(s) Body Weight/physiology ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Communication ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Parent-Child Relations ; Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control ; Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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