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  1. Article: Insulin signaling regulates R2 retrotransposon expression to orchestrate transgenerational rDNA copy number maintenance.

    Nelson, Jonathan O / Slicko, Alyssa / Raz, Amelie A / Yamashita, Yukiko M

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Preserving a large number of essential yet highly unstable ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats is critical for the germline to perpetuate the genome through generations. Spontaneous rDNA loss must be countered by rDNA copy number (CN) expansion. Germline rDNA ... ...

    Abstract Preserving a large number of essential yet highly unstable ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats is critical for the germline to perpetuate the genome through generations. Spontaneous rDNA loss must be countered by rDNA copy number (CN) expansion. Germline rDNA CN expansion is best understood in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.02.28.582629
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The retrotransposon R2 maintains

    Nelson, Jonathan O / Slicko, Alyssa / Yamashita, Yukiko M

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 23, Page(s) e2221613120

    Abstract: Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci contain hundreds of tandemly repeated copies of ribosomal RNA genes needed to support cellular viability. This repetitiveness makes it highly susceptible to copy number (CN) loss due to intrachromatid recombination between rDNA ... ...

    Abstract Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci contain hundreds of tandemly repeated copies of ribosomal RNA genes needed to support cellular viability. This repetitiveness makes it highly susceptible to copy number (CN) loss due to intrachromatid recombination between rDNA copies, threatening multigenerational maintenance of rDNA. How this threat is counteracted to avoid extinction of the lineage has remained unclear. Here, we show that the rDNA-specific retrotransposon R2 is essential for restorative rDNA CN expansion to maintain rDNA loci in the Drosophila male germline. The depletion of R2 led to defective rDNA CN maintenance, causing a decline in fecundity over generations and eventual extinction. We find that double-stranded DNA breaks created by the R2 endonuclease, a feature of R2's rDNA-specific retrotransposition, initiate the process of rDNA CN recovery, which relies on homology-dependent repair of the DNA break at rDNA copies. This study reveals that an active retrotransposon provides an essential function for its host, contrary to transposable elements' reputation as entirely selfish. These findings suggest that benefiting host fitness can be an effective selective advantage for transposable elements to offset their threat to the host, which may contribute to retrotransposons' widespread success throughout taxa.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Retroelements/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements
    Chemical Substances Retroelements ; DNA, Ribosomal ; DNA Transposable Elements
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2221613120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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