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  1. Article: The effectiveness of nutritional interventions to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection in the undernourished elderly: a systematic review.

    Loveday, Heather / Smales, Caroline / Tsiami, Amalia / Browne, Jessica

    JBI library of systematic reviews

    2018  Volume 10, Issue 14 Suppl, Page(s) 1–18

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-22
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1838-2142
    ISSN 1838-2142
    DOI 10.11124/jbisrir-2012-276
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  2. Article ; Online: A computer-based auditory sequential pattern test for school-aged children.

    Rickard, Natalie A / Smales, Caroline J / Rickard, Kurt L

    International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology

    2013  Volume 77, Issue 5, Page(s) 838–842

    Abstract: Objective: One type of test commonly used to assess auditory processing disorders (APD) is the Frequency Pattern Test, in which triads of pure tones of two different frequencies are presented, and participants are required to accurately report the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: One type of test commonly used to assess auditory processing disorders (APD) is the Frequency Pattern Test, in which triads of pure tones of two different frequencies are presented, and participants are required to accurately report the sequence of tones, typically using a verbal response. The test is widely used clinically, but in its current format, is an under-exploited means of addressing some candidate processes, such as temporal ordering and frequency discrimination, which might be affected in APD. Here we describe a computer-based version of an auditory pattern perception test, the BirdSong Game, which was designed to be an engaging research tool for use with school-aged children.
    Methods: In this study, 128 children aged 6-10 with normal peripheral hearing were tested. The BirdSong Game application was used to administer auditory sequential pattern tests, via a touch-screen presentation and response interface. A conditioning step was included prior to testing, in order to ensure that participants were able to adequately discriminate between the test tones, and reliably describe the difference using their own vocabulary. Responses were collected either verbally or manually, by having participants press cartoon images on the touch-screen in the appropriate sequence. The data was examined for age, gender and response mode differences.
    Results: Findings on the auditory tests indicated a significant maturational effect across the age range studied, with no difference between response modes or gender.
    Conclusions: The BirdSong Game is sensitive to maturational changes in auditory sequencing ability, and the computer-based design of the test has several advantages which make it a potentially useful clinical and research tool.
    MeSH term(s) Auditory Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis ; Child ; Computers ; Female ; Hearing Tests/methods ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders/diagnosis ; Male ; Speech Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 754501-0
    ISSN 1872-8464 ; 0165-5876
    ISSN (online) 1872-8464
    ISSN 0165-5876
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.02.024
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  3. Article: Hepatitis: symptoms, treatment and prevention

    Smales, Caroline

    Nursing Times

    1998  Volume 94, Issue 44, Page(s) 58–60

    Keywords Hepatitis ; Sexualität
    Language English
    Document type Article
    Note Caroline Smales reports on the need for changes in sexual behaviour to prevent the spread of viral hepatitis
    ZDB-ID 391202-4
    ISSN 0029-6589 ; 0954-7762
    ISSN 0029-6589 ; 0954-7762
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  4. Article: Occludin phosphorylation: identification of an occludin kinase in brain and cell extracts as CK2.

    Smales, Caroline / Ellis, Moira / Baumber, Rachel / Hussain, Nayer / Desmond, Howard / Staddon, James M

    FEBS letters

    2003  Volume 545, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 161–166

    Abstract: In epithelial and endothelial cells, tight junctions limit paracellular flux of ions, proteins and other macromolecules. However, mechanisms regulating tight junction function are not clear. Occludin, a tight junction protein, undergoes phosphorylation ... ...

    Abstract In epithelial and endothelial cells, tight junctions limit paracellular flux of ions, proteins and other macromolecules. However, mechanisms regulating tight junction function are not clear. Occludin, a tight junction protein, undergoes phosphorylation changes in several situations but little is known about occludin kinases. A recombinant C-terminal fragment of occludin is a substrate for a kinase in crude extracts of brain. This activity was purified about 10000-fold and identified as CK2 (casein kinase 2) by peptide mass fingerprinting, immunoblotting and mutation of CK2 sites within the occludin sequence. CK2 is therefore a candidate kinase for regulation of occludin phosphorylation in vivo.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/enzymology ; Casein Kinase II ; Cell Extracts/chemistry ; Cell Fractionation ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Occludin ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Swine
    Chemical Substances Cell Extracts ; Membrane Proteins ; Occludin ; Recombinant Proteins ; Casein Kinase II (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-06-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 212746-5
    ISSN 1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
    ISSN (online) 1873-3468
    ISSN 0014-5793
    DOI 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00525-8
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  5. Article ; Online: Lee Rubin: Our mentor and role model.

    Bazenet, Chantal / Desmond, Howard / Frank, Eric / Doherty, Patrick / Eilers, Andreas / Gatchalian, Christine / Glicksman, Marcie / Graczyk, Piotr / Gusovsky, Fabian / Ham, Jonathan / Kaplan, David / Klymkoswsky, Michael / Kotkow, Karen / Krolewski, Richard / Lang, Paul / O'Neil, Alison Linsley / McCarthy, Mary Jane / Meiri, Karina / Miller, Freda /
    Neumage, Monica Mota / Ozek, Ceren / Philpott, Karen / Piccinotti, Silvia / Price, Feodor / Raff, Martin / Ratcliffe, Marianne / Relton, Jane / Rhodes, Ken / Schwob, James / Smales, Caroline / Smith, Terrence / Spadoni, Cesare / Taylor, Joanne / Vekrellis, Kostas / Whitfield, Jonny

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2017  Volume 355, Issue 6327, Page(s) 806

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.aam8703
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  6. Article: The neuroprotective action of JNK3 inhibitors based on the 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole scaffold.

    Graczyk, Piotr P / Khan, Afzal / Bhatia, Gurpreet S / Palmer, Vanessa / Medland, Darren / Numata, Hirotoshi / Oinuma, Hitoshi / Catchick, Jacqueline / Dunne, Angela / Ellis, Moira / Smales, Caroline / Whitfield, Jonathan / Neame, Stephen J / Shah, Bina / Wilton, Daniel / Morgan, Louise / Patel, Toshal / Chung, Raymond / Desmond, Howard /
    Staddon, James M / Sato, Nobuaki / Inoue, Atsushi

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

    2005  Volume 15, Issue 21, Page(s) 4666–4670

    Abstract: Imidazole-based structures of p38 inhibitors served as a starting point for the design of JNK3 inhibitors. Construction of a 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole scaffold led to the synthesis of the (S)-enantiomers, which exhibited p38/JNK3 IC50 ratio ... ...

    Abstract Imidazole-based structures of p38 inhibitors served as a starting point for the design of JNK3 inhibitors. Construction of a 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole scaffold led to the synthesis of the (S)-enantiomers, which exhibited p38/JNK3 IC50 ratio of up to 10 and were up to 20 times more potent inhibitors of JNK3 than the relevant (R)-enantiomers. The JNK3 inhibitory potency correlated well with inhibition of c-Jun phosphorylation and neuroprotective properties of the compounds in low K+-induced cell death of rat cerebellar granule neurones.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Imidazoles ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10/antagonists & inhibitors ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemical synthesis ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism ; Rats ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Imidazoles ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 (EC 2.7.1.-) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-11-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.076
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