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Article ; Online: A High-Finesse Suspended Interferometric Sensor for Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics with Femtometre Sensitivity.

Smetana, Jiri / Yan, Tianliang / Boyer, Vincent / Martynov, Denis

2024 Volume 24, Issue 7

Abstract: We present an interferometric sensor for investigating macroscopic quantum mechanics on a table-top scale. The sensor consists of a pair of suspended optical cavities with finesse over 350,000 comprising 10 g fused silica mirrors. The interferometer is ... ...

Abstract	We present an interferometric sensor for investigating macroscopic quantum mechanics on a table-top scale. The sensor consists of a pair of suspended optical cavities with finesse over 350,000 comprising 10 g fused silica mirrors. The interferometer is suspended by a four-stage, light, in-vacuum suspension with three common stages, which allows for us to suppress common-mode motion at low frequency. The seismic noise is further suppressed by an active isolation scheme, which reduces the input motion to the suspension point by up to an order of magnitude starting from 0.7 Hz. In the current room-temperature operation, we achieve a peak sensitivity of 0.5 fm/Hz in the acoustic frequency band, limited by a combination of readout noise and suspension thermal noise. Additional improvements of the readout electronics and suspension parameters will enable us to reach the quantum radiation pressure noise. Such a sensor can eventually be utilized for demonstrating macroscopic entanglement and for testing semi-classical and quantum gravity models.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s24072375
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nonlinearities in Fringe-Counting Compact Michelson Interferometers.

Smetana, Jiri / Di Fronzo, Chiara / Amorosi, Anthony / Martynov, Denis

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 17

Abstract: Compact Michelson interferometers are well positioned to replace existing displacement sensors in the readout of seismometers and suspension systems, such as those used in contemporary gravitational-wave detectors. Here, we continue our previous ... ...

Abstract	Compact Michelson interferometers are well positioned to replace existing displacement sensors in the readout of seismometers and suspension systems, such as those used in contemporary gravitational-wave detectors. Here, we continue our previous investigation of a customised compact displacement sensor built by SmarAct that operates on the principle of deep frequency modulation. The focus of this paper is the linearity of this device and its subsequent impact on sensitivity. We show the three primary sources of nonlinearity that arise in the sensor: residual ellipticity, intrinsic distortion of the Lissajous figure, and distortion caused by exceeding the velocity limit imposed by the demodulation algorithm. We verify the theoretical models through an experimental demonstration, where we show the detrimental impact that these nonlinear effects have on device sensitivity. Finally, we simulate the effect that these nonlinearities are likely to have if implemented in the readout of the Advanced LIGO suspensions and show that the noise from nonlinearities should not dominate across the key sub-10 Hz frequency band.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23177526
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Article ; Online: Video Emergency Calls in Medical Dispatching: A Scoping Review.

Sýkora, Roman / Peřan, David / Renza, Metoděj / Bradna, Jan / Smetana, Jiří / Duška, František

Prehospital and disaster medicine

2022 Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s) 819–826

Abstract: Background: Video emergency calls (VCs) represent a feasible future trend in medical dispatching. Acceptance among callers and dispatchers seems to be good. Indications, potential problems, limitations, and directions of research of adding a live video ... ...

Abstract	Background: Video emergency calls (VCs) represent a feasible future trend in medical dispatching. Acceptance among callers and dispatchers seems to be good. Indications, potential problems, limitations, and directions of research of adding a live video from smartphones to an emergency call have not been reviewed outside the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Objective: The main objective of this study is to examine the scope and nature of research publications on the topic of VC. The secondary goal is to identify research gaps and discuss the potential directions of research efforts of VC. Design: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, online bibliographic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and gray literature were searched from the period of January 1, 2012 through March 1, 2022 in English. Only studies focusing on video transfer via mobile phone to emergency medical dispatch centers (EMDCs) were included. Results: Twelve articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and six main themes were identified: (1) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guided by VC; (2) indications of VCs; (3) dispatchers' feedback and perception; (4) technical aspects of VCs; (5) callers' acceptance; and (6) confidentiality and legal issues. Conclusion: Video emergency calls are feasible and seem to be a well-accepted auxiliary method among dispatchers and callers. Some promising clinical results exist, especially for video-assisted CPR. On the other hand, there are still enormous knowledge gaps in the vast majority of implementation aspects of VC into practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1025975-2
ISSN	1945-1938 ; 1049-023X
ISSN (online)	1945-1938
ISSN	1049-023X
DOI	10.1017/S1049023X22001297
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Article ; Online: Audiovisual Consults by Paramedics to Reduce Hospital Transport After Low-Urgency Calls: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Sykora, Roman / Renza, Metodej / Ruzicka, Jiri / Bakurova, Petra / Kukacka, Milos / Smetana, Jiri / Duska, Frantisek

Prehospital and disaster medicine

2020 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 656–662

Abstract: Introduction: The effect and subjective perception of audiovisual consults (AVCs) by paramedics with a distant physician in prehospital emergency care (PHEC) remain unexplained, especially in low-urgency calls.: Objectives: The primary objective of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The effect and subjective perception of audiovisual consults (AVCs) by paramedics with a distant physician in prehospital emergency care (PHEC) remain unexplained, especially in low-urgency calls. Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of AVCs by paramedics with a base physician on the rate of patients treated on site without the need of hospital transfer. The co-primary safety outcome was the frequency of repeated ambulance trips within 48 hours to the same patient. Secondary objective was the qualitative analysis of perception of the AVCs. Methods: During a six-week period, the dispatching center of Karlovy Vary Emergency Medical Service (EMS) randomized low-urgency events from a rural area (n = 791) to receive either a mandatory phone-call consult (PHONE), AVC (VIDEO), or performed by the paramedic crew in a routine manner, when phone-call consultation is for paramedic crew optional (CONTROL). Secondarily, the qualitative analysis of subjective perception of AVCs compared to consultation over the phone by the paramedic and consulting physician was performed. Results: Per-protocol analysis (PPA) was performed (CONTROL, n = 258; PHONE, n = 193; and VIDEO, n = 192) in addition to the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Patients (PPA) in both mandatory consulted groups were twice as likely to be treated and left on site compared to the CONTROL (PHONE: OR = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.58; P = 0.01 or VIDEO: OR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.49; P = .01). Repeated trips to patients treated and left on site in 48 hours occurred in three (8.6%) of 35 cases in the PHONE group and in eight (23.5%) of 34 cases in the VIDEO group. Conclusions: The AVCs of the emergency physician by paramedics was not superior to the mandatory conventional phone call in increasing the proportion of patients treated and left at home after a low-urgency call. The AVC improved the subjective feelings of safety by physicians, but not the satisfaction of patients or paramedics, and may lead to an increased need of repeated trips.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Allied Health Personnel ; Ambulances ; Audiovisual Aids ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emergency Medical Services ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physicians ; Referral and Consultation ; Telemedicine ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1025975-2
ISSN	1945-1938 ; 1049-023X
ISSN (online)	1945-1938
ISSN	1049-023X
DOI	10.1017/S1049023X2000117X
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Article ; Online: Two-Carrier Scheme: Evading the 3 dB Quantum Penalty of Heterodyne Readout in Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

Zhang, Teng / Jones, Philip / Smetana, Jiří / Miao, Haixing / Martynov, Denis / Freise, Andreas / Ballmer, Stefan W

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 126, Issue 22, Page(s) 221301

Abstract: Precision measurements using a traditional heterodyne readout suffer a 3 dB quantum noise penalty compared with a homodyne readout. The extra noise is caused by the quantum fluctuations in the image vacuum. We propose a two-carrier gravitational-wave ... ...

Abstract	Precision measurements using a traditional heterodyne readout suffer a 3 dB quantum noise penalty compared with a homodyne readout. The extra noise is caused by the quantum fluctuations in the image vacuum. We propose a two-carrier gravitational-wave detector design that evades the 3 dB quantum penalty of the heterodyne readout. We further propose a new way of realizing frequency-dependent squeezing utilizing two-mode squeezing in our scheme. It naturally achieves more precise audio frequency signal measurements with radio frequency squeezing. In addition, the detector is compatible with other quantum nondemolition techniques.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.221301
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Article: Audiovisual Consults by Paramedics to Reduce Hospital Transport After Low-Urgency Calls: Randomized Controlled Trial

Sykora, Roman / Renza, Metodej / Ruzicka, Jiri / Bakurova, Petra / Kukacka, Milos / Smetana, Jiri / Duska, Frantisek

Prehosp Disaster Med

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect and subjective perception of audiovisual consults (AVCs) by paramedics with a distant physician in prehospital emergency care (PHEC) remain unexplained, especially in low-urgency calls. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the ... ...

Abstract	INTRODUCTION: The effect and subjective perception of audiovisual consults (AVCs) by paramedics with a distant physician in prehospital emergency care (PHEC) remain unexplained, especially in low-urgency calls. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of AVCs by paramedics with a base physician on the rate of patients treated on site without the need of hospital transfer. The co-primary safety outcome was the frequency of repeated ambulance trips within 48 hours to the same patient. Secondary objective was the qualitative analysis of perception of the AVCs. METHODS: During a six-week period, the dispatching center of Karlovy Vary Emergency Medical Service (EMS) randomized low-urgency events from a rural area (n = 791) to receive either a mandatory phone-call consult (PHONE), AVC (VIDEO), or performed by the paramedic crew in a routine manner, when phone-call consultation is for paramedic crew optional (CONTROL). Secondarily, the qualitative analysis of subjective perception of AVCs compared to consultation over the phone by the paramedic and consulting physician was performed. RESULTS: Per-protocol analysis (PPA) was performed (CONTROL, n = 258; PHONE, n = 193; and VIDEO, n = 192) in addition to the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Patients (PPA) in both mandatory consulted groups were twice as likely to be treated and left on site compared to the CONTROL (PHONE: OR = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.58; P = 0.01 or VIDEO: OR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.49; P = .01). Repeated trips to patients treated and left on site in 48 hours occurred in three (8.6%) of 35 cases in the PHONE group and in eight (23.5%) of 34 cases in the VIDEO group. CONCLUSIONS: The AVCs of the emergency physician by paramedics was not superior to the mandatory conventional phone call in increasing the proportion of patients treated and left at home after a low-urgency call. The AVC improved the subjective feelings of safety by physicians, but not the satisfaction of patients or paramedics, and may lead to an increased need of repeated trips.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32985403
Database	COVID19

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Article: Biomass waste gasification – Can be the two stage process suitable for tar reduction and power generation?

Šulc, Jindřich / Štojdl, Jiří / Richter, Miroslav / Popelka, Jan / Svoboda, Karel / Smetana, Jiří / Vacek, Jiří / Skoblja, Siarhei / Buryan, Petr

Waste management. 2012 Apr., v. 32, no. 4

2012

Abstract: A pilot scale gasification unit with novel co-current, updraft arrangement in the first stage and counter-current downdraft in the second stage was developed and exploited for studying effects of two stage gasification in comparison with one stage ... ...

Abstract	A pilot scale gasification unit with novel co-current, updraft arrangement in the first stage and counter-current downdraft in the second stage was developed and exploited for studying effects of two stage gasification in comparison with one stage gasification of biomass (wood pellets) on fuel gas composition and attainable gas purity. Significant producer gas parameters (gas composition, heating value, content of tar compounds, content of inorganic gas impurities) were compared for the two stage and the one stage method of the gasification arrangement with only the upward moving bed (co-current updraft). The main novel features of the gasifier conception include grate-less reactor, upward moving bed of biomass particles (e.g. pellets) by means of a screw elevator with changeable rotational speed and gradual expanding diameter of the cylindrical reactor in the part above the upper end of the screw. The gasifier concept and arrangement are considered convenient for thermal power range 100–350kWₜₕ. The second stage of the gasifier served mainly for tar compounds destruction/reforming by increased temperature (around 950°C) and for gasification reaction of the fuel gas with char. The second stage used additional combustion of the fuel gas by preheated secondary air for attaining higher temperature and faster gasification of the remaining char from the first stage. The measurements of gas composition and tar compound contents confirmed superiority of the two stage gasification system, drastic decrease of aromatic compounds with two and higher number of benzene rings by 1–2 orders. On the other hand the two stage gasification (with overall ER=0.71) led to substantial reduction of gas heating value (LHV=3.15MJ/Nm³), elevation of gas volume and increase of nitrogen content in fuel gas. The increased temperature (>950°C) at the entrance to the char bed caused also substantial decrease of ammonia content in fuel gas. The char with higher content of ash leaving the second stage presented only few mass% of the inlet biomass stream.
Keywords	air ; ammonia ; ash content ; benzene ; biomass ; combustion ; conception ; fuels ; gasification ; heat ; nitrogen content ; pellets ; power generation ; streams ; temperature ; waste management ; wood
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-04
Size	p. 692-700.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2011.08.015
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Biomass waste gasification - can be the two stage process suitable for tar reduction and power generation?

Sulc, Jindřich / Stojdl, Jiří / Richter, Miroslav / Popelka, Jan / Svoboda, Karel / Smetana, Jiří / Vacek, Jiří / Skoblja, Siarhei / Buryan, Petr

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2012 Volume 32, Issue 4, Page(s) 692–700

Abstract	A pilot scale gasification unit with novel co-current, updraft arrangement in the first stage and counter-current downdraft in the second stage was developed and exploited for studying effects of two stage gasification in comparison with one stage gasification of biomass (wood pellets) on fuel gas composition and attainable gas purity. Significant producer gas parameters (gas composition, heating value, content of tar compounds, content of inorganic gas impurities) were compared for the two stage and the one stage method of the gasification arrangement with only the upward moving bed (co-current updraft). The main novel features of the gasifier conception include grate-less reactor, upward moving bed of biomass particles (e.g. pellets) by means of a screw elevator with changeable rotational speed and gradual expanding diameter of the cylindrical reactor in the part above the upper end of the screw. The gasifier concept and arrangement are considered convenient for thermal power range 100-350 kW(th). The second stage of the gasifier served mainly for tar compounds destruction/reforming by increased temperature (around 950°C) and for gasification reaction of the fuel gas with char. The second stage used additional combustion of the fuel gas by preheated secondary air for attaining higher temperature and faster gasification of the remaining char from the first stage. The measurements of gas composition and tar compound contents confirmed superiority of the two stage gasification system, drastic decrease of aromatic compounds with two and higher number of benzene rings by 1-2 orders. On the other hand the two stage gasification (with overall ER=0.71) led to substantial reduction of gas heating value (LHV=3.15 MJ/Nm(3)), elevation of gas volume and increase of nitrogen content in fuel gas. The increased temperature (>950°C) at the entrance to the char bed caused also substantial decrease of ammonia content in fuel gas. The char with higher content of ash leaving the second stage presented only few mass% of the inlet biomass stream.
MeSH term(s)	Biomass ; Electricity ; Gases/chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Pilot Projects ; Refuse Disposal/instrumentation ; Refuse Disposal/methods ; Tars/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Gases ; Tars
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2011.08.015
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