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  1. Book ; Article ; Online: Sanitation and credit constraints

    Augsburg, Britta / Caeyers, Bet / Giunti, Sara / Malde, Bansi / Smets, Susanna

    The role of labelled microcredit in India's Swacch Bharat Mission subsidy scheme

    2022  

    Abstract: Remuneration-post-verification subsidies and microcredit have been postulated as potential solutions to imperfect capital markets and commitment problems that impede lumpy human capital investments, but little is known about the merit of combining these ... ...

    Abstract Remuneration-post-verification subsidies and microcredit have been postulated as potential solutions to imperfect capital markets and commitment problems that impede lumpy human capital investments, but little is known about the merit of combining these financing mechanisms. We draw on a cluster RCT in rural India of a sanitation labelled microcredit program, implemented by chance around the onset of a large sanitation policy comprising partial subsidies - Swacch Bharat or 'Clean India' Mission. Linking our survey data to government, MFI and credit bureau administrative data, we make two contributions: first, we provide rigorous evidence of the impacts of labelled microcredit on household sanitation investment and borrowing behaviour. By testing empirical predictions of a simple model, we demonstrate that this ubiquitous credit characteristic plays an important role in achieving impacts. Second, we show that sanitation labelled microcredit can complement renumeration-post-verification subsidy provision by relaxing sanitation credit constraints for subsidy ineligible households, and by providing bridge and complementary funding for subsidy eligible households.
    Keywords ddc:330 ; credit constraints ; microcredit ; subsidies ; sanitation ; SBM India
    Subject code 338
    Language English
    Publisher London: Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Strategic complements: Poverty-targeted subsidy programs show additive benefits on household toilet purchases in rural Cambodia when coupled with sanitation marketing.

    Hoo, Yi Rong / Joseph, George / Rivera, Rafael / Smets, Susanna / Nguyen, Hanh / Ljung, Per / Um, Sreymom / Davis, Georgia / Albert, Jeff

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) e0269980

    Abstract: While poverty-targeted subsidies have shown promise as a means of reducing financial constraints on low-income populations to invest in new latrines, concerns have been raised about whether they may reduce demand for new latrines among non-eligible, non- ... ...

    Abstract While poverty-targeted subsidies have shown promise as a means of reducing financial constraints on low-income populations to invest in new latrines, concerns have been raised about whether they may reduce demand for new latrines among non-eligible, non-poor populations, especially in geographically limited or closed markets. Using quasi experimental methods, we investigate the interaction effects of the "CHOBA" subsidy, a partial poverty-targeted monetary incentive to build a toilet, and a sanitation marketing program (SanMark) on new latrine uptake among households from different income segments in 110 rural villages across six Cambodian provinces. These programs were implemented either jointly with or independently. Overall, we find strong complementarity of the CHOBA subsidy with SanMark where the coupled implementation of the programs increased latrine uptake across all households as compared to exclusive deployment of the programs independently. Additionally, the CHOBA subsidy alone resulted in higher gains among the poor compared to SanMark suggesting that financial constraint is indeed a significant demand barrier for new latrines. The presence of the poverty-targeted subsidies did not reduce demand for new latrine purchases among ineligible households. Instead, we find some evidence for a positive spillover effect of subsidies on uptake of latrines among ineligible households in villages where both programs were implemented indicating that the presence of sanitation subsidies and the decision to purchase latrines among non-beneficiaries can be viewed as complements. We employ multivariate logistic regressions as well as further robustness checks to estimate the effects of the different interventions, with qualitatively consistent results.
    MeSH term(s) Bathroom Equipment ; Cambodia ; Humans ; Marketing ; Poverty ; Rural Population ; Sanitation/methods ; Toilet Facilities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0269980
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  3. Article ; Online: Disease externalities and net nutrition: Evidence from changes in sanitation and child height in Cambodia, 2005-2010.

    Vyas, Sangita / Kov, Phyrum / Smets, Susanna / Spears, Dean

    Economics and human biology

    2016  Volume 23, Page(s) 235–245

    Abstract: Child height is an important indicator of human capital and human development, in large part because early life health and net nutrition shape both child height and adult economic productivity and health. Between 2005 and 2010, the average height of ... ...

    Abstract Child height is an important indicator of human capital and human development, in large part because early life health and net nutrition shape both child height and adult economic productivity and health. Between 2005 and 2010, the average height of children under 5 in Cambodia significantly increased. What contributed to this improvement? Recent evidence suggests that exposure to poor sanitation - and specifically to widespread open defecation - can pose a critical threat to child growth. We closely analyze the sanitation height gradient in Cambodia in these two years. Decomposition analysis, in the spirit of Blinder-Oaxaca, suggests that the reduction in children's exposure to open defecation can statistically account for much or all of the increase in average child height between 2005 and 2010. In particular, we see evidence of externalities, indicating an important role for public policy: it is the sanitation behavior of a child's neighbors that matters more for child height rather than the household's sanitation behavior by itself. Moving from an area in which 100% of households defecate in the open to an area in which no households defecate in the open is associated with an average increase in height-for-age z-score of between 0.3 and 0.5. Our estimates are quantitatively robust and comparable with other estimates in the literature.
    MeSH term(s) Body Height ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Sanitation/statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Toilet Facilities/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2099749-8
    ISSN 1873-6130 ; 1570-677X
    ISSN (online) 1873-6130
    ISSN 1570-677X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ehb.2016.10.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Disease externalities and net nutrition

    Vyas, Sangita / Kov, Phyrum / Smets, Susanna / Spears, Dean

    Economics and human biology Vol. 23 , p. 235-245

    evidence from changes in sanitation and child height in Cambodia, 2005-2010

    2016  Volume 23, Page(s) 235–245

    Author's details Sangita Vyas, Phyrum Kov, Susanna Smets, Dean Spears
    Keywords Height ; Early-life health ; Disease environment ; Sanitation ; Cambodia
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier Science
    Publishing place Amsterdam [u.a.]
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2114400X ; 2099749-8
    ISSN 1873-6130 ; 1570-677X
    ISSN (online) 1873-6130
    ISSN 1570-677X
    Database ECONomics Information System

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    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  5. Book ; Article ; Online: Labelled loans, credit constraints and sanitation investments

    Augsburg, Britta / Caeyers, Bet / Giunti, Sara / Malde, Bansi / Smets, Susanna

    2019  

    Abstract: Credit constraints are considered to be an important barrier hindering adoption of preventive health investments among low-income households in developing countries. However, it is not obvious whether, and the extent to which, the provision of labelled ... ...

    Abstract Credit constraints are considered to be an important barrier hindering adoption of preventive health investments among low-income households in developing countries. However, it is not obvious whether, and the extent to which, the provision of labelled micro-credit (where the loan is linked to the investment only through its label) will boost human capital investments, particularly when it is characterised by other attractive attributes, such as a lower interest rate. We study a cluster randomised controlled trial of a sanitation micro-credit program in rural India, which made available lower interest loans for sanitation. The loans were linked with sanitation through their name only. The loans were not bundled with any toilet, and loan use was weakly monitored, but not enforced. Hence it is not directly obvious that the loan should boost sanitation investments. A simple theoretical framework indicates that the intervention could increase sanitation ownership through three channels - relaxation of credit constraints, salience of the loan label, or the lower interest rate. Our empirical evidence, combined with model predictions, allows us to conclude that the loan label (which to date has not received much attention in the literature) significantly impacts households borrowing and investment behaviour. Labelling loans is thus a viable strategy to improve uptake of lumpy preventive health investments.
    Keywords ddc:330 ; O16 ; D14 ; G41 ; I12
    Subject code 338
    Language English
    Publisher London: Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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