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Article ; Online: Undoing mothers' avoidant coping with children's negative emotion: A randomized controlled trial of relational savoring.

Smiley, Patricia A / Ahn, Ashley / Blackard, M Betsy / Borelli, Jessica L / Doan, Stacey N

Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)

2024 Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 365–376

Abstract: Some mothers report using avoidant coping strategies (minimizing, punishing) in response to their young children's negative emotion, an aspect of insensitive parenting that places children at risk for emotional or behavioral dysregulation (Fabes et al., ... ...

Abstract	Some mothers report using avoidant coping strategies (minimizing, punishing) in response to their young children's negative emotion, an aspect of insensitive parenting that places children at risk for emotional or behavioral dysregulation (Fabes et al., 2001) and insecure attachment (De Wolff & van Ijzendoorn, 1997). In prior work, an in-home attachment-based relational savoring (RS) intervention, administered over a month's time, positively affected maternal emotion and sensitive behavior with young children (Borelli et al., 2023); further, a one-time online RS protocol had greater impacts on emotion and relationship satisfaction for mothers with greater attachment avoidance (Burkhart et al., 2015). However, we do not yet know whether a brief, laboratory intervention impacts highly avoidant mothers'
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Adult ; Male ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology ; Mothers/psychology ; Emotions/physiology ; Maternal Behavior ; Coping Skills
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	619328-6
ISSN	1939-1293 ; 0893-3200
ISSN (online)	1939-1293
ISSN	0893-3200
DOI	10.1037/fam0001186
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Article: COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Children's Behavioral Problems: The Mediating Role of Maternal Depressive Symptoms.

Doan, Stacey N / Burniston, Anna Beth / Smiley, Patricia / Liu, Cindy H

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 10, Issue 6

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to a range of behavioral problems in children. To date, however, longitudinal studies with data prior to the pandemic are rare, and moreover, few studies have examined the family context. This is notable as evidence ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to a range of behavioral problems in children. To date, however, longitudinal studies with data prior to the pandemic are rare, and moreover, few studies have examined the family context. This is notable as evidence suggests that mothers were highly vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic, and stress proliferation models would argue that children's wellbeing are undoubtedly affected by maternal wellbeing. In the current investigation, we examine changes in maternal depressive symptoms and children's behavioral problems from prior to the pandemic to the first few months of COVID-19 in the U.S. The results suggest a significant increase in children's internalizing problems and maternal depressive symptoms. Consistent with stress proliferation models, the relationship between COVID-19-related stressors and children's behavioral problems were mediated by maternal mental health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children10060977
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Article ; Online: Associations between mothers' emotion regulation and real-time experiences of negative emotion: The moderating role of caregiving context.

Park, Ye Rang / Kerr, Margaret L / Smiley, Patricia A / Borelli, Jessica L

Infant mental health journal

2022 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 769–782

Abstract: Parents' emotion regulation and emotional experiences have important consequences for family well-being and child outcomes. Little is known about whether traitlike emotion regulation abilities predict statelike experiences of real-time negative emotion. ... ...

Abstract	Parents' emotion regulation and emotional experiences have important consequences for family well-being and child outcomes. Little is known about whether traitlike emotion regulation abilities predict statelike experiences of real-time negative emotion. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), this study examines associations between mothers' self-reported emotion regulation abilities and their real-time experiences of negative emotion, as well as the moderating role of caregiving context among 145 mothers (41% Hispanic; 31% earned below $40,000) of young children (mean age = 20.9 months) across a 10-day period. Results indicated that on average, mothers who report high levels of traitlike rumination and difficulties in emotion regulation also report more statelike negative emotion. Further, the presence of children weakened the associations between mothers' traitlike reports of emotion dysregulation and statelike EMA negative emotion reports. The findings demonstrate the importance of parents' emotion regulation for supporting family well-being, especially when parents are separated from their children; the findings may have implications for developing family interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emotional Regulation ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology ; Mothers/psychology ; Parenting/psychology ; Parents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	225602-2
ISSN	1097-0355 ; 0163-9641
ISSN (online)	1097-0355
ISSN	0163-9641
DOI	10.1002/imhj.22009
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Article ; Online: Culturally adapting relational savoring: A therapeutic approach to improve relationship quality.

Borelli, Jessica L / Zhou, Elayne / Russo, Lyric N / Li, Frances H / Tironi, Marta / Yamashita, Ken S / Smiley, Patricia A / Campos, Belinda

Family process

2024

Abstract: Relational savoring (RS) is a brief, strengths-based approach to heightening attentional focus to moments of positive connectedness within relationships. RS can be administered preventatively or within an intervention context when a therapist aspires to ... ...

Abstract	Relational savoring (RS) is a brief, strengths-based approach to heightening attentional focus to moments of positive connectedness within relationships. RS can be administered preventatively or within an intervention context when a therapist aspires to foster more optimal relational functioning. Typically administered within a one-on-one therapy setting, RS has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing intra- and interpersonal outcomes. To increase access to mental health services, the developers of RS are committed to engaging in an iterative approach of enhancing the cultural congruence and accessibility of this intervention within various cultural contexts, beginning with Latine groups in Southern California. In this article, we describe relational savoring and its theoretical and empirical support, including the process of culturally adapting the intervention within the context of three major studies, each with a distinct focus on Latine groups, a community that is underserved in mental health care settings. We then provide a vision for future research to improve upon the intervention's compatibility for Latine families and other populations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	212740-4
ISSN	1545-5300 ; 0014-7370
ISSN (online)	1545-5300
ISSN	0014-7370
DOI	10.1111/famp.12989
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Article: Stressed out and fed up: The effect of stress on maternal feeding behaviors and the moderating role of executive function

Doan, Stacey N. / Venkatesh, Shruthi / Mendiola, Isabel / Smiley, Patricia A. / Schmolze, Daniel B.

Appetite. 2022 Jan. 01, v. 168

2022

Abstract: Stress is associated with a range of unhealthy eating habits, yet few studies have examined how stress may influence the intergenerational transmission of eating habits from parents to their children. Specifically, there is a lack of data regarding the ... ...

Abstract	Stress is associated with a range of unhealthy eating habits, yet few studies have examined how stress may influence the intergenerational transmission of eating habits from parents to their children. Specifically, there is a lack of data regarding the role of stress on feeding practices. Moreover, most work investigating the associations between parental stress and their feeding behaviors has been correlational, limiting our understanding of causality. In the current study, we used an experimental design, induced high and low stress in mothers using a standard laboratory stressor, and observed mother-child interactions during a snack break. We also examined the potential role of maternal executive functioning (EF) for buffering the effects of stress on maternal feeding behaviors. Levels of maternal stress were manipulated with the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) in a community sample (N = 80 dyads, Child Mₐgₑ = 41.89 months, female = 43). We measured maternal EF with a series of computerized tasks. Maternal feeding behaviors were coded for controlling behaviors, which included pressuring and restricting behaviors. Results indicate a main effect of stress on controlling feeding behaviors, such that mothers in the high-stress condition exhibited higher levels of controlling behaviors. The effect of stress on controlling feeding behaviors was ameliorated among mothers with higher levels of EF after controlling for child age and income. Results provide causal evidence for the role of stress on feeding behaviors and suggest EF as a factor to be considered in the treatment and prevention of diet-related illnesses.
Keywords	appetite ; children ; experimental design ; females ; income ; psychosocial factors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0101
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	764440-1
ISSN	0195-6663
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2021.105762
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Charting the physiological time course of help-seeking during late childhood: Patterns of individual difference.

Arbel, Reout / Smiley, Patricia A / Borelli, Jessica L

Journal of experimental child psychology

2020 Volume 201, Page(s) 104989

Abstract: In this study, we explored whether variability in children's physiological reactivity-respiratory sinus arrhythmia and electrodermal activity-predict concurrent and subsequent levels of children's observed help-seeking (HS) from their mothers during a ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we explored whether variability in children's physiological reactivity-respiratory sinus arrhythmia and electrodermal activity-predict concurrent and subsequent levels of children's observed help-seeking (HS) from their mothers during a failure task. In addition, we tested whether children's perceptions of maternal positivity pre-task (CPMP) and children's fearful temperament moderate these effects. In a community sample of 101 mother-child dyads, children (8-12 years of age) underwent a repeated failure task while their respiratory sinus arrythmia and electrodermal activity were monitored; their HS behaviors were later coded. Multilevel path analyses indicated that high-fearful children increased their HS at the same time as and following increased physiological reactivity regardless of CPMP pre-task. Low-fearful children showed increases in HS at the same time as and following increased physiological reactivity only when they perceived their mothers' affect to be positive. This study demonstrates children's individual differences in the physiological underpinning of time-linked HS behaviors.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Fear ; Female ; Help-Seeking Behavior ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology ; Mothers/psychology ; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia/physiology ; Temperament
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218137-x
ISSN	1096-0457 ; 0022-0965
ISSN (online)	1096-0457
ISSN	0022-0965
DOI	10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104989
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Article ; Online: Parents' depressive symptoms and reflective functioning predict parents' proficiency in relational savoring and children's physiological regulation.

Borelli, Jessica L / Hong, Kajung / Kazmierski, Kelly F M / Smiley, Patricia A / Sohn, Lucas / Guo, Yuqing

Development and psychopathology

2022 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 121–134

Abstract: This study examined parental depression and parental reflective functioning (PRF) as predictors of parental proficiency in relational savoring (RS), the association between RS proficiency and a marker of children's physiological self-regulation, ... ...

Abstract	This study examined parental depression and parental reflective functioning (PRF) as predictors of parental proficiency in relational savoring (RS), the association between RS proficiency and a marker of children's physiological self-regulation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), during a stressor, and indirect effects of parental depression and PRF on children's RSA via parents' RS. At Time 1 (T1), parents of 8- to 12-year-old children (
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Depression/psychology ; Parents/psychology ; Parenting ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1036173-x
ISSN	1469-2198 ; 0954-5794
ISSN (online)	1469-2198
ISSN	0954-5794
DOI	10.1017/S095457942200102X
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Article ; Online: Savoring interventions for mothers of young children: Mechanisms linking relational savoring and personal savoring to reflective functioning.

Borelli, Jessica L / Kazmierski, Kelly F M / Gaskin, Gerin E / Kerr, Margaret L / Smiley, Patricia A / Rasmussen, Hannah F

Infant mental health journal

2023 Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 200–217

Abstract: Parenting interventions can improve parenting outcomes, with widespread implications for children's developmental trajectories. Relational savoring (RS) is a brief attachment-based intervention with high potential for dissemination. Here we examine data ... ...

Abstract	Parenting interventions can improve parenting outcomes, with widespread implications for children's developmental trajectories. Relational savoring (RS) is a brief attachment-based intervention with high potential for dissemination. Here we examine data from a recent intervention trial in order to isolate the mechanisms by which savoring predicts reflective functioning (RF) at treatment follow-up through an examination of the content of savoring sessions (specificity, positivity, connectedness, safe haven/secure base, self-focus, child-focus). Mothers (N = 147, M
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Adult ; Infant ; Male ; Mothers/psychology ; Emotions ; Parenting/psychology ; Object Attachment ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	225602-2
ISSN	1097-0355 ; 0163-9641
ISSN (online)	1097-0355
ISSN	0163-9641
DOI	10.1002/imhj.22038
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Article ; Online: Mother-child dyadic responses to children facing challenges: An examination across ethnicities.

Pham, Phoebe T / Chen, Zhaoying / Boparai, Sameen / Hong, Kajung / Sohn, Lucas / Smiley, Patricia A / Borelli, Jessica L

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)

2023 Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 663–675

Abstract: The current study (a) examined ethnic differences in mothers' and children's responses to children's performance in a challenging task, (b) tested the associations among children's desire for assistance, maternal control, and children's emotional ... ...

Abstract	The current study (a) examined ethnic differences in mothers' and children's responses to children's performance in a challenging task, (b) tested the associations among children's desire for assistance, maternal control, and children's emotional responses to the challenge, and (c) explored whether these associations held across three ethnicities-Asian Americans (AA), Latinx Americans (LA), and European Americans (EA). Results showed that children's emotional arousal significantly increased and emotional valence became significantly less positive over the course of children experiencing repeated challenges in front of their mothers. In terms of ethnic differences, LA mothers exhibited more control than EA mothers, but LA children responded less negatively to the challenging task than EA children. AA dyads did not significantly differ from LA or EA dyads on any maternal or child responses. However, regardless of ethnicity, stronger child desire for assistance was associated with greater maternal control and greater maternal control was associated with less emotional arousal and more positive child emotional valence. These findings suggest that, in a challenging context, maternal control is likely experienced by children as guidance that mitigates decreases in positive emotion. Our work has implications for interventions to encourage more emotionally responsive parental involvement with children in late childhood and early adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Female ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology ; Ethnicity ; Emotions ; Mothers/psychology ; Parents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102391-8
ISSN	1931-1516 ; 1528-3542
ISSN (online)	1931-1516
ISSN	1528-3542
DOI	10.1037/emo0001295
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Article ; Online: Autonomy-restrictive socialization of anger: Associations with school-aged children's physiology, trait anxiety, state distress, and relationship closeness.

Smiley, Patricia A / Partington, Lindsey C / Cochran, Caroline R / Borelli, Jessica L

Developmental psychobiology

2020 Volume 62, Issue 8, Page(s) 1134–1149

Abstract: Parental socialization that infringes on children's autonomy may have consequences for physiological regulation, trait anxiety, and state distress. One such practice is the use of positive conditional regard (CR)-the provision of extra attention/ ... ...

Abstract	Parental socialization that infringes on children's autonomy may have consequences for physiological regulation, trait anxiety, and state distress. One such practice is the use of positive conditional regard (CR)-the provision of extra attention/affection when children meet parents' expectations. Self-determination theory proposes that CR thwarts satisfaction of children's basic needs for relatedness and autonomy by placing these needs in conflict. We evaluate associations among children's (N = 106, 51% male, M
MeSH term(s)	Anger/physiology ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Child ; Child Development/physiology ; Emotional Regulation/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/physiology ; Mother-Child Relations ; Personal Autonomy ; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia/physiology ; Socialization ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	4107-5
ISSN	1098-2302 ; 0012-1630
ISSN (online)	1098-2302
ISSN	0012-1630
DOI	10.1002/dev.21975
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