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  1. Article ; Online: Critical Care Nurses' Attitudes About Family Presence During Resuscitation: An Integrative Review.

    Bader, Khaled W / Smith, Carolyn R / Gillespie, Gordon L

    Critical care nurse

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 17–31

    Abstract: Background: Family presence during resuscitation was introduced into clinical practice 30 years ago. Despite adoption of family-centered care by several health organizations and support for family presence during resuscitation by professional ... ...

    Abstract Background: Family presence during resuscitation was introduced into clinical practice 30 years ago. Despite adoption of family-centered care by several health organizations and support for family presence during resuscitation by professional organizations such as the American Heart Association, critical care nurses' attitudes about family presence during resuscitation vary widely.
    Objective: To examine current evidence on critical care nurses' attitudes about, perceptions of, and behaviors related to practicing family presence during resuscitation.
    Methods: The method of Whittemore and Knafl guided the integrative review. Databases searched were CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. Articles included were English-language studies published from 2008 to 2022 that examined the perceptions of critical and emergency care nurses from adult units regarding family presence during resuscitation.
    Results: Twenty-two articles were included. Levels and strength of evidence were assessed with the Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based model. The articles in this integrative review included a total sample size of 4780 health care professionals; 3808 were critical and acute care nurses.
    Discussion: Themes synthesized from current evidence included attitudes, benefits, barriers, demographic influence, cultural influence, and facilitators. Barriers and facilitators were associated with nursing practice in rural versus urban settings, age-related factors, years of experience, and unit-based differences in practice. Developing interventions to address identified factors can increase the practice of family presence during resuscitation in critical care settings.
    Conclusions: Several factors influence the practice of family presence during resuscitation in critical care settings. Nurse leaders should consider these factors to enhance the practice of family presence during resuscitation.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Family ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Nursing Staff, Hospital ; Resuscitation ; Critical Care ; Nurses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632663-8
    ISSN 1940-8250 ; 0279-5442
    ISSN (online) 1940-8250
    ISSN 0279-5442
    DOI 10.4037/ccn2023850
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  2. Article: Tiredness Takes Its Toll: An Integrative Review on Sleep and Occupational Outcomes for Long-Term Care Workers.

    Keller, Elizabeth / Hittle, Beverly M / Smith, Carolyn R

    Journal of gerontological nursing

    2023  Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 27–33

    Abstract: Poor sleep quality and duration among health care professionals have negative impacts on worker safety, work readiness, and well-being. However, the consequences of impaired sleep among long-term care (LTC) workers remain understudied. The current ... ...

    Abstract Poor sleep quality and duration among health care professionals have negative impacts on worker safety, work readiness, and well-being. However, the consequences of impaired sleep among long-term care (LTC) workers remain understudied. The current integrative review sought to explore associations between sleep and occupational outcomes in LTC workers. Multiple database searches yielded 1,543 articles; nine articles met inclusion criteria. Results synthesized from included articles revealed sleep-associated occupational outcomes across three themes,
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Sleep ; Health Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603140-7
    ISSN 0098-9134
    ISSN 0098-9134
    DOI 10.3928/00989134-20221206-01
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  3. Article ; Online: The contributors to dosage calculation ability and its applicability to nursing education: An integrative review.

    Westman, Jessica / Johnson, Kimberly D / Smith, Carolyn R / Kelcey, Benjamin

    Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing

    2023  Volume 50, Page(s) 8–15

    Abstract: Medication errors are a major patient safety issue and account for 1-2 million hospitalizations and between 100,000 and 200,000 deaths annually. Approximately 41 % of all medication errors are due to improper dose calculations. Studies have shown mean ... ...

    Abstract Medication errors are a major patient safety issue and account for 1-2 million hospitalizations and between 100,000 and 200,000 deaths annually. Approximately 41 % of all medication errors are due to improper dose calculations. Studies have shown mean scores on the medication dosage calculation test for nursing students range from 35 to 71 %. Despite new technology created to aid in dosage calculations, the issue is still prevalent among nurses. It is critical that the elements contributing to the nurses' ability to complete dosage calculations be determined so that calculation curriculum in nursing schools can be updated to better prepare students for practice. An integrative review was completed using the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase to answer the research question: What contributors impact nurses' and nursing students' ability to complete dosage calculations? Four articles met the specified inclusion criteria and were used for this review. The three most common contributing themes among the review sample included mathematical medication calculation ability, medication calculation frequencies, and dosage calculation education. Results from this review can inform the issue of dosage calculations and highlight the need for further research regarding the medication administration competencies taught in undergraduate nursing studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/methods ; Drug Dosage Calculations ; Students, Nursing ; Clinical Competence ; Education, Nursing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632951-2
    ISSN 1532-8481 ; 8755-7223
    ISSN (online) 1532-8481
    ISSN 8755-7223
    DOI 10.1016/j.profnurs.2023.10.006
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  4. Article ; Online: Self-esteem in the context of intimate partner violence: A concept analysis.

    Güler, Ayşe / Bankston, Karen / Smith, Carolyn R

    Nursing forum

    2022  Volume 57, Issue 6, Page(s) 1484–1490

    Abstract: Aim: To explore the meaning of self-esteem in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV).: Background: IPV is a preventable public health issue. The dynamic of IPV diminishes women's self-esteem. Defining self-esteem will guide the development of ...

    Abstract Aim: To explore the meaning of self-esteem in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV).
    Background: IPV is a preventable public health issue. The dynamic of IPV diminishes women's self-esteem. Defining self-esteem will guide the development of IPV interventions in healthcare settings.
    Design: Walker and Avant's eight-step approach was used.
    Data source: The search was conducted from Oxford Dictionary of English online, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Women's Studies International, and Google Scholar.
    Review methods: No limits on the year of publication were applied.
    Results: Defining attributes of self-esteem are self-concept, self-affirmation, and self-respect. Antecedents of self-esteem are exposure to IPV and victim-blaming attitudes by healthcare professionals. Consequences include depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Empirical referents include self-worth, self-competence, self-blame, self-evaluation, self-confidence, and self-determination.
    Conclusions: Current literature is limited in its definition of self-esteem in the context of IPV. Women experiencing IPV with low self-esteem might not seek help for IPV from nurses. Nurses could develop culturally appropriate IPV screening tools that assess the changes in self-esteem among women from different sociodemographic and cultural backgrounds. The defining attributes could contribute to developing comprehensive IPV screening tools in healthcare settings.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Self Concept ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 412336-0
    ISSN 1744-6198 ; 0029-6473
    ISSN (online) 1744-6198
    ISSN 0029-6473
    DOI 10.1111/nuf.12798
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  5. Article ; Online: Shared Risk Factors Among Women for Intimate Partner Violence in the United States: A Secondary Analysis.

    Güler, Ayşe / Lambert, Joshua / Rojas-Guyler, Liliana / Lee, Rebecca C / Smith, Carolyn R

    Violence against women

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–30

    Abstract: Multilevel risk factors may increase the risk of experiencing intimate partner violence among women. The overall goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of factors that may be associated with three forms of intimate partner violence. The ... ...

    Abstract Multilevel risk factors may increase the risk of experiencing intimate partner violence among women. The overall goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of factors that may be associated with three forms of intimate partner violence. The primary aim was to explore associations between understudied factors and women's experiences of physical and sexual violence and stalking by an intimate partner. Secondary analysis of existing health registry data was conducted. Our evidence-driven strategy was based on a multipronged analytical approach informed by existing literature and the social-ecological model. We created an evidence-based hierarchical list comprised of three tiers. Three separate multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Several shared risk factors were retained across all three forms including low levels of formal education, past experiences of non- partner sexual violence, residential instability, presence of children, experiences of a traumatic event and panic attacks, status of receiving US government benefits, and barriers to healthcare access. Results contribute to future research on intimate partner violence prevention by providing preliminary evidence of emerging factors associated with experiencing three forms of intimate partner violence.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Partners
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2031375-5
    ISSN 1552-8448 ; 1077-8012
    ISSN (online) 1552-8448
    ISSN 1077-8012
    DOI 10.1177/10778012231207033
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  6. Article: Do Adolescent Employees Perceive the Risks of Workplace Violence? A Mixed Methods Study.

    Smith, Carolyn R / Beery, Theresa A / Gillespie, Gordon L / Gates, Donna M / Fisher, Bonnie S

    Journal of nursing education and practice

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 7, Page(s) 116–124

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-02
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2648998-3
    ISSN 1925-4059 ; 1925-4040
    ISSN (online) 1925-4059
    ISSN 1925-4040
    DOI 10.5430/jnep.v6n7p116
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  7. Article ; Online: The influences of sociocultural norms on women's decision to disclose intimate partner violence: Integrative review.

    Güler, Ayşe / Lee, Rebecca C / Rojas-Guyler, Liliana / Lambert, Joshua / Smith, Carolyn R

    Nursing inquiry

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) e12589

    Abstract: Sociocultural norms against women can contribute to promoting intimate partner violence (IPV) and shape women's decision to disclose IPV. A cross-cultural analysis of the existing literature is needed to present an overview of the influences of ... ...

    Abstract Sociocultural norms against women can contribute to promoting intimate partner violence (IPV) and shape women's decision to disclose IPV. A cross-cultural analysis of the existing literature is needed to present an overview of the influences of sociocultural norms on women's decisions regarding the disclosure of IPV across different cultural contexts. The purpose of the review was to synthesize published quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (MMs) studies to identify known sociocultural norms across different cultures that may influence women's decision to disclose IPV. The Whittemore and Knafl framework, Rayyan software, and PRISMA flow diagram were used. Databases included APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, PubMed, SocINDEX, and Women's Studies International. The quality of studies was assessed by the MMs appraisal tool. A total of 15 research articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Main categories emerged: (1) stigma surrounding IPV disclosure, victimization, and divorce; (2) gender roles; (3) preserving family honor; and (4) Children's well-being and future. A one-size-fits-all approach is not adequate for women who are considering disclosing IPV. Findings underscore that regardless of residing in individualistic countries, those sociocultural norms related to traditional gender roles and gender inequality are still important barriers to the disclosure of IPV among women with collectivist roots.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-15
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1483798-5
    ISSN 1440-1800 ; 1320-7881
    ISSN (online) 1440-1800
    ISSN 1320-7881
    DOI 10.1111/nin.12589
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  8. Article ; Online: Perceptions of the Essential Components of Triage: A Qualitative Analysis.

    Johnson, Kimberly D / Punches, Brittany E / Smith, Carolyn R

    Journal of emergency nursing

    2020  Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 192–197

    Abstract: Introduction: Triage is an important process to determine severity of illness and prioritize patient emergencies while also ensuring patient safety. The emergency nurse must use critical thinking and decision-making to identify life-threatening ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Triage is an important process to determine severity of illness and prioritize patient emergencies while also ensuring patient safety. The emergency nurse must use critical thinking and decision-making to identify life-threatening emergencies and improve patient outcomes. However, the addition of risk screenings and quality improvement initiatives has extended the triage process time, which may increase interruptions and opportunities for errors. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to determine emergency nurse perceptions of current triage processes and categorize essential and nonessential triage components.
    Methods: Focus groups of frontline emergency nurses who regularly conduct triage in the emergency department were conducted to discuss perceptions of triage assessments and questions. The 3 focus group discussions were digitally recorded and transcribed. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics of the sample and the conventional content analysis of the transcripts.
    Results: A total of 12 emergency nurses participated in the study. The overall theme that emerged surrounding essential triage components was a perceived conflict between individualized care and maintaining systems and processes. This theme consisted of 4: (a) must ask, (b) actions of triage, (c) relevant but not urgent for triage, and (d) not perceived as relevant.
    Conclusion: This study identified the perceptions of emergency nurses surrounding the urgency of triage components in the emergency department. Emergency nurses perceived some assessments as essential to determining "sick versus not sick," and other triage components were able to be delayed, streamlining the triage process.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Decision Making ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Service, Hospital/standards ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ohio ; Qualitative Research ; Triage/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604632-0
    ISSN 1527-2966 ; 0099-1767
    ISSN (online) 1527-2966
    ISSN 0099-1767
    DOI 10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.009
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  9. Article: Emotions and feelings evoked in nursing students exposed to bullying behaviors in clinical settings.

    Rutherford, Dawna E / Smith, Carolyn R / Bresler, Scott / Gillespie, Gordon L

    Journal of nursing education and practice

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) 54–61

    Abstract: Background and objective: Though not fully integrated into the profession, student nurses have been exposed to and experienced bullying behaviors with limited skills to mitigate the effects of the behaviors. This qualitative study analyzed the emotions ... ...

    Abstract Background and objective: Though not fully integrated into the profession, student nurses have been exposed to and experienced bullying behaviors with limited skills to mitigate the effects of the behaviors. This qualitative study analyzed the emotions evoked due to exposure to bullying behaviors. Desired to address the question: "How do student nurses feel when they are the recipient of bullying-type behaviors?"
    Methods: DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive design. SETTING: A nursing college at an urban university in the Midwestern United States; PARTICIPANTS: Matriculated students enrolled in a pre-licensure nursing program. METHODS: As part of a larger mixed informed pilot study, each participant was assigned to either the control or intervention group. Participants in the intervention group received an educational intervention focused on bullying two weeks prior to a scheduled clinical simulation. Participants in both groups each completed an individual clinical simulation during which they were exposed to bullying-type behaviors meant to replicate behaviors they may encounter in actual clinical settings. All participants were informed of their right to disenroll from the study at any point. For the health and safety of participants, individuals were provided with safeguards during the study as well as upon conclusion of their participation. Immediately following the simulation, participants completed an individual debrief interview during which they were asked to describe how the simulation made them feel. Responses were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative to generate thematic results.
    Results: The three major themes developed included Past Bullying-like Behavior, Feelings Experienced during Simulation, and Perceptions of the Simulation. Participants reported experiencing negative emotions due to the bullying behavior exposure despite receiving an educational intervention. Harmful emotions, such as sadness, led participants to question their ability to perform simple tasks. Student nurses possess the skills and knowledge to perform routine tasks; however, when bullying behaviors target nursing students, the negative behaviors have the potential to adversely affect the whole student.
    Conclusions: Further research is warranted to identify programs to aid students in overcoming the negative bullying behaviors in the clinical setting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-30
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2648998-3
    ISSN 1925-4059 ; 1925-4040
    ISSN (online) 1925-4059
    ISSN 1925-4040
    DOI 10.5430/jnep.v10n11p54
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  10. Article ; Online: Workplace Violence Prevention Training, Safety Resources, and Commitment to HHCWs' Safety.

    Small, Tamara F / Smith, Carolyn R / Hutton, Scott / Davis, Kermit G / Gillespie, Gordon Lee

    Workplace health & safety

    2022  Volume 70, Issue 7, Page(s) 325–331

    Abstract: Background: The threat of workplace violence (WPV) is a primary safety concern for home health care workers (HHCWs). WPV prevention training is a critical tool for HHCWs' safety. Yet, most existing WPV prevention training is limited or not specific to ... ...

    Abstract Background: The threat of workplace violence (WPV) is a primary safety concern for home health care workers (HHCWs). WPV prevention training is a critical tool for HHCWs' safety. Yet, most existing WPV prevention training is limited or not specific to HHCWs' environment, the patient's home, and neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to describe WPV prevention training, resources used, and commitment to HHCWs' safety.
    Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, HHCWs from two sites located in Southwestern Ohio completed the Violence Against Home Healthcare and Hospice Workers survey, a 37-item survey used to describe frequency and characteristics of WPV prevention training and resources. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
    Findings: Half (
    Conclusions/application to practice: HHCWs described WPV prevention training content and resources used to promote safety. WPV prevention training is deficient in procedures for seeking psychological care, screening patients for violent behavior, skills for self-protection, characteristics of hazardous neighborhoods, and physical maneuvers and verbal methods to diffuse or avoid aggressive behavior. Access to WPV prevention training and resources for HHCWs needs to be strengthened. Occupational Health Nurses can assist their employers with developing WPV prevention training for HHCWs.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Home Health Aides ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace/psychology ; Workplace Violence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2649181-3
    ISSN 2165-0969 ; 2165-0799
    ISSN (online) 2165-0969
    ISSN 2165-0799
    DOI 10.1177/21650799221076871
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