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Article: Longitudinal bidirectional relations between children's negative affectivity and maternal emotion expressivity.

Tan, Lin / Smith, Cynthia L

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 983435

Abstract: Although children's negative affectivity is a temperamental characteristic that is biologically based, it is framed within and shaped by their emotional environments which are partly created by maternal emotion expressivity in the family. Children, in ... ...

Abstract	Although children's negative affectivity is a temperamental characteristic that is biologically based, it is framed within and shaped by their emotional environments which are partly created by maternal emotion expressivity in the family. Children, in turn, play a role in shaping their family emotional context, which could lead to changes in mothers' emotion expressivity in the family. However, these theorized longitudinal bidirectional relations between child negative affectivity and maternal positive and negative expressivity have not been studied from toddlerhood to early school-age. The current study utilized a cross-lagged panel model to examine the reciprocal relations between children's negative affectivity and maternal expressivity within the family over the course of early childhood. Participants were 140 mother-child dyads (72 boys, mean age = 2.67 years, primarily White). Mothers reported the positive and negative expressivity in the family and children's negative affectivity in toddlerhood (T1), preschool (T2), and school-age (T3). Maternal negative expressivity and child negative affectivity at T1 were significantly correlated. Maternal negative expressivity at T1 significantly predicted child negative affectivity at T3. Children's negative affectivity at T2 significantly predicted mothers' negative expressivity at T3. Mothers' positive expressivity was not related to children's negative affectivity at any of the three time points. The findings demonstrate the reciprocal relations between children's negative affectivity and maternal negative expressivity in the family, suggesting the importance of the interplay between child temperament and maternal expressivity within the family emotional context.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.983435
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Article ; Online: The role of mother's and child's self-regulation on bidirectional links between harsh parenting and child externalizing problems.

Hong, Yelim / Bertrand, Christina M / Deater-Deckard, Kirby / Smith, Cynthia L / Bell, Martha Ann

Developmental psychology

2024 Volume 60, Issue 3, Page(s) 441–455

Abstract: The authors examined task-based (i.e., executive function), surveyed (i.e., effortful control), and physiological (i.e., resting cardiac respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) measures of child and maternal regulation as distinct moderators of longitudinal ... ...

Abstract	The authors examined task-based (i.e., executive function), surveyed (i.e., effortful control), and physiological (i.e., resting cardiac respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) measures of child and maternal regulation as distinct moderators of longitudinal bidirectional links between child externalizing (EXT) behaviors and harsh parenting (HP) from 6 to 9 years. The sample size was 299 (50.9% female; 1% Asian, 4% multiple races; 14% Black; 78% White), and participants were recruited in the United States (a rural college town in Virginia and a midsized city in North Carolina). Higher child EXT at 6 years predicted higher HP at 7-8 years, which predicted higher EXT at 9 years. Also, this path was moderated by 6-year child effortful control, 6-year resting RSA, and 9-year executive function. In contrast, there was no moderating effect of any measure of maternal regulation. Findings suggest it is important to consider child self-regulation when examining bidirectionality in parent and child effects for HP and child EXT. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Parenting ; Mothers ; Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia/physiology ; Parents ; Self-Control
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2066223-3
ISSN	1939-0599 ; 0012-1649
ISSN (online)	1939-0599
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0001661
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Article ; Online: Mouse Genome Informatics: an integrated knowledgebase system for the laboratory mouse.

Baldarelli, Richard M / Smith, Cynthia L / Ringwald, Martin / Richardson, Joel E / Bult, Carol J

Genetics

2024

Abstract: Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is a federation of expertly curated information resources designed to support experimental and computational investigations into genetic and genomic aspects of human biology and disease using the laboratory mouse as a model ...

Abstract	Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is a federation of expertly curated information resources designed to support experimental and computational investigations into genetic and genomic aspects of human biology and disease using the laboratory mouse as a model system. The Mouse Genome Database (MGD) and the Gene Expression Database (GXD) are core MGI databases that share data and system architecture. MGI serves as the central community resource of integrated information about mouse genome features, variation, expression, gene function, phenotype, and human disease models acquired from peer-reviewed publications, author submissions, and major bioinformatics resources. To facilitate integration and standardization of data, biocuration scientists annotate using terms from controlled metadata vocabularies and biological ontologies (e.g. Mammalian Phenotype Ontology, Mouse Developmental Anatomy, Disease Ontology, Gene Ontology, etc.), and by applying international community standards for gene, allele, and mouse strain nomenclature. MGI serves basic scientists, translational researchers, and data scientists by providing access to FAIR-compliant data in both human-readable and compute-ready formats. The MGI resource is accessible at https://informatics.jax.org. Here, we present an overview of the core data types represented in MGI and highlight recent enhancements to the resource with a focus on new data and functionality for MGD and GXD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2167-2
ISSN	1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
ISSN (online)	1943-2631
ISSN	0016-6731
DOI	10.1093/genetics/iyae031
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Article ; Online: Changes in children's anger, sadness, and persistence across blocked goals: Implications for self-regulation.

Tan, Lin / Shin, Eunkyung / Page, Kenyon / Smith, Cynthia L

Child development

2022 Volume 94, Issue 2, Page(s) 411–423

Abstract: The current study took a person-centered approach to examine the heterogeneity of changes in children's emotions and persistence during a goal-blocking task and examined how different profiles of emotions and persistence related to children's self- ... ...

Abstract	The current study took a person-centered approach to examine the heterogeneity of changes in children's emotions and persistence during a goal-blocking task and examined how different profiles of emotions and persistence related to children's self-regulation. Children's anger, sadness, and persistence were rated in a goal-blocking task in toddlerhood (T1; N = 140, 72 boys, M
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Sadness ; Anger/physiology ; Emotions/physiology ; Attention/physiology ; Self-Control
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	215602-7
ISSN	1467-8624 ; 0009-3920
ISSN (online)	1467-8624
ISSN	0009-3920
DOI	10.1111/cdev.13868
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Article ; Online: Biochemical pathways represented by Gene Ontology-Causal Activity Models identify distinct phenotypes resulting from mutations in pathways.

Hill, David P / Drabkin, Harold J / Smith, Cynthia L / Van Auken, Kimberly M / D'Eustachio, Peter

Genetics

2023 Volume 225, Issue 2

Abstract: Gene inactivation can affect the process(es) in which that gene acts and causally downstream ones, yielding diverse mutant phenotypes. Identifying the genetic pathways resulting in a given phenotype helps us understand how individual genes interact in a ... ...

Abstract	Gene inactivation can affect the process(es) in which that gene acts and causally downstream ones, yielding diverse mutant phenotypes. Identifying the genetic pathways resulting in a given phenotype helps us understand how individual genes interact in a functional network. Computable representations of biological pathways include detailed process descriptions in the Reactome Knowledgebase and causal activity flows between molecular functions in Gene Ontology-Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs). A computational process has been developed to convert Reactome pathways to GO-CAMs. Laboratory mice are widely used models of normal and pathological human processes. We have converted human Reactome GO-CAMs to orthologous mouse GO-CAMs, as a resource to transfer pathway knowledge between humans and model organisms. These mouse GO-CAMs allowed us to define sets of genes that function in a causally connected way. To demonstrate that individual variant genes from connected pathways result in similar but distinguishable phenotypes, we used the genes in our pathway models to cross-query mouse phenotype annotations in the Mouse Genome Database (MGD). Using GO-CAM representations of 2 related but distinct pathways, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, we show that individual causal paths in gene networks give rise to discrete phenotypic outcomes resulting from perturbations of glycolytic and gluconeogenic genes. The accurate and detailed descriptions of gene interactions recovered in this analysis of well-studied processes suggest that this strategy can be applied to less well-understood processes in less well-studied model systems to predict phenotypic outcomes of novel gene variants and to identify potential gene targets in altered processes.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Databases, Genetic ; Gene Ontology ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Computational Biology/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2167-2
ISSN	1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
ISSN (online)	1943-2631
ISSN	0016-6731
DOI	10.1093/genetics/iyad152
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Article: Biochemical Pathways Represented by Gene Ontology Causal Activity Models Identify Distinct Phenotypes Resulting from Mutations in Pathways.

Hill, David P / Drabkin, Harold J / Smith, Cynthia L / Van Auken, Kimberly M / D'Eustachio, Peter

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract	Gene inactivation can affect the process(es) in which that gene acts and causally downstream ones, yielding diverse mutant phenotypes. Identifying the genetic pathways resulting in a given phenotype helps us understand how individual genes interact in a functional network. Computable representations of biological pathways include detailed process descriptions in the Reactome Knowledgebase, and causal activity flows between molecular functions in Gene Ontology-Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs). A computational process has been developed to convert Reactome pathways to GO-CAMs. Laboratory mice are widely used models of normal and pathological human processes. We have converted human Reactome GO-CAMs to orthologous mouse GO-CAMs, as a resource to transfer pathway knowledge between humans and model organisms. These mouse GO-CAMs allowed us to define sets of genes that function in a connected and well-defined way. To test whether individual genes from well-defined pathways result in similar and distinguishable phenotypes, we used the genes in our pathway models to cross-query mouse phenotype annotations in the Mouse Genome Database (MGD). Using GO-CAM representations of two related but distinct pathways, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, we can identify causal paths in gene networks that give rise to discrete phenotypic outcomes for perturbations of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The accurate and detailed descriptions of gene interactions recovered in this analysis of well-studied processes suggest that this strategy can be applied to less well-understood processes in less well-studied model systems to predict phenotypic outcomes of novel gene variants and to identify potential gene targets in altered processes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.22.541760
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Article ; Online: Developmental patterns of children's shyness: Relations with physiological, emotional, and regulatory responses to being treated unfairly.

Hassan, Raha / Smith, Cynthia L / Schmidt, Louis A / Brook, Christina A / Bell, Martha Ann

Child development

2023 Volume 94, Issue 6, Page(s) 1745–1761

Abstract: The dysregulation of social fear has been widely studied in children's shyness, but we know little about how shy children regulate during unfair treatment. We first characterized developmental patterns of children's shyness (N = 304, ... ...

Abstract	The dysregulation of social fear has been widely studied in children's shyness, but we know little about how shy children regulate during unfair treatment. We first characterized developmental patterns of children's shyness (N = 304, n
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Shyness ; Child Behavior/psychology ; Emotions/physiology ; Fear ; Sadness
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	215602-7
ISSN	1467-8624 ; 0009-3920
ISSN (online)	1467-8624
ISSN	0009-3920
DOI	10.1111/cdev.13961
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Article: Advances in Behavioral Remote Data Collection in the Home Setting: Assessing the Mother-Infant Relationship and Infant's Adaptive Behavior via Virtual Visits.

Shin, Eunkyung / Smith, Cynthia L / Howell, Brittany R

Frontiers in psychology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 703822

Abstract: Psychological science is struggling with moving forward in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially due to the halting of behavioral data collection in the laboratory. Safety barriers to assessing psychological behavior in person increased the need ...

Abstract	Psychological science is struggling with moving forward in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially due to the halting of behavioral data collection in the laboratory. Safety barriers to assessing psychological behavior in person increased the need for remote data collection in natural settings. In response to these challenges, researchers, including our team, have utilized this time to advance remote behavioral methodology. In this article, we provide an overview of our group's strategies for remote data collection methodology and examples from our research in collecting behavioral data in the context of psychological functioning. Then, we describe the design and development of our strategies for remote data collection of mother-infant interactions, with the goal being to assess maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness, as well as infants' adaptive behaviors in several developmental domains. During these virtual visits over Zoom, mother-infant dyads watched a book-reading video and were asked to participate in peek-a-boo, toy play, and toy removal tasks. After the behavioral tasks, a semi-structured interview (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale - VABS III) was conducted to assess the infant's adaptive behavior in communication, socialization, daily living skills, and motor domains. We delineate the specific strategies we applied to integrate laboratory tasks and a semi-structured interview into remote data collection in home settings with mothers and infants. We also elaborate on issues encountered during remote data collection and how we resolved these challenges. Lastly, to inform protocols for future remote data collection, we address considerations and recommendations, as well as benefits and future directions for behavioral researchers in developmental psychology research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703822
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Article ; Online: Know Your Model: A brief history of making mutant mouse genetic models.

Bello, Susan M / Perry, Michelle N / Smith, Cynthia L

Lab animal

2021 Volume 50, Issue 10, Page(s) 263–266

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Models, Genetic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1548-4475
ISSN (online)	1548-4475
DOI	10.1038/s41684-021-00853-5
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Article ; Online: Intergenerational transmission of maternal emotion regulation to child emotion regulation: Moderated mediation of maternal positive and negative emotions.

Tan, Lin / Smith, Cynthia L

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)

2018 Volume 19, Issue 7, Page(s) 1284–1291

Abstract: Research on maternal socialization of child emotion regulation often involves measures of general parenting, yet little research has considered how maternal emotion regulation and emotion expressivity relate to children's ability to regulate their ... ...

Abstract	Research on maternal socialization of child emotion regulation often involves measures of general parenting, yet little research has considered how maternal emotion regulation and emotion expressivity relate to children's ability to regulate their emotions. Because emotion regulation can be viewed as intergenerational, mothers who display higher levels of positive emotions and lower levels of negative emotions may create a more optimal emotional climate for children to learn and practice emotion regulation, aiding in the intergenerational transmission of optimal emotion regulation. We tested a mediation model where maternal positive expressivity was hypothesized to mediate the relation of maternal emotion regulation to child emotion regulation. We also examined maternal negative expressivity as a moderator of the association of maternal positive expressivity to child emotion regulation. Maternal emotion regulation, measured as the use of reappraisal, and maternal expressivity were self-reported when children were 4-5 years old (T1). Child emotion regulation, measured as effortful control, was observed at T1. When children were 8-9 years old (T2), a summary score of child emotion regulation was computed from observed and teacher-reported effortful control. Higher levels of maternal reappraisal were related to more maternal positive expressivity, which in turn was associated with better child emotion regulation (T2), controlling for prior levels of child regulation (T1), only when maternal negative expressivity was low. This longitudinal moderated mediation pathway suggests that adaptive emotion regulation strategies used by mothers can be transmitted to children through maternal emotional expressions, specifically the interplay of positive and negative emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102391-8
ISSN	1931-1516 ; 1528-3542
ISSN (online)	1931-1516
ISSN	1528-3542
DOI	10.1037/emo0000523
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