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  1. Article ; Online: Geospatial Disparities in Federal COVID-19 Test-to-Treat Program.

    Smith, Emily R / Oakley, Erin M

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2023  Volume 64, Issue 5, Page(s) 761–764

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Healthcare Disparities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.022
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    Zs.A 2096: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Understanding and improving biosecurity among recreational anglers in Great Britain.

    Smith, Emily R C / Heal, Richard / Wood, Louisa E

    Journal of fish biology

    2023  Volume 102, Issue 5, Page(s) 1177–1190

    Abstract: Recreational fishing with the principal motivation of leisure is associated with important economic, social and conservation values. Nonetheless, it is also a primary pathway for the introduction and spread of invasive non-native species and aquatic ... ...

    Abstract Recreational fishing with the principal motivation of leisure is associated with important economic, social and conservation values. Nonetheless, it is also a primary pathway for the introduction and spread of invasive non-native species and aquatic animal disease. Several studies have explored the overall biosecurity risk posed by recreational anglers based on self-reported behaviours and the awareness of biosecurity campaigns. Nonetheless, there has been little in-depth exploration of the characteristics of key stakeholders who are implementing biosecurity best practices and the barriers that prevent anglers from undertaking biosecurity measures in the field. This study addresses this knowledge gap using an online questionnaire to collect information on angler socio-demographic characteristics, voluntary biosecurity behaviour and barriers affecting the implementation of biosecurity best practices in Great Britain. The results indicated that cleaning behaviours vary considerably among anglers, with angling frequency and the number of pieces of equipment affecting how likely anglers were to clean and dry these items. High levels of disinfectant use were reported among anglers, potentially attributed to the concurrent advocation of disinfectant to prevent the spread of aquatic animal disease. Barriers affecting the implementation of correct cleaning behaviours included a combination of factors, such as practicality, disability, lack of available information and individual values. These findings illustrate the importance for fishery managers, water companies and policymakers to tailor prevention measures and facilities for anglers to maximise the practicality of biosecurity measures and encourage long-term implementation of best practices.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; United Kingdom ; Biosecurity ; Recreation ; Introduced Species ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Fisheries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410564-3
    ISSN 1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
    ISSN (online) 1095-8649
    ISSN 0022-1112
    DOI 10.1111/jfb.15345
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  3. Article: Why you should share your data during a pandemic.

    Smith, Emily R / Flaherman, Valerie J

    BMJ global health

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 3

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2059-7908
    ISSN 2059-7908
    DOI 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-004940
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  4. Article ; Online: What works and for whom? Individual patient data meta-analyses in global nutrition research.

    Sudfeld, Christopher R / Smith, Emily R

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2021  Volume 114, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 1S–2S

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqab316
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  5. Article ; Online: Population-level surgical rates and unmet need in India: a retrospective analysis of districts and states from 2011 to 2019.

    Zadey, Siddhesh / Smith, Emily R / Staton, Catherine A / Fitzgerald, Tamara N / Vissoci, Joao Ricardo Nickenig

    International journal of surgery (London, England)

    2024  Volume 110, Issue 3, Page(s) 1884–1887

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; India/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2212038-5
    ISSN 1743-9159 ; 1743-9191
    ISSN (online) 1743-9159
    ISSN 1743-9191
    DOI 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001024
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  6. Article ; Online: Geospatial disparities in federal COVID-19 test-to-treat program

    Smith, Emily R. / Oakley, Erin M

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background: Paxlovid is authorized for the treatment of COVID-19 and must be used within the first 5 days of symptom onset. This limited window for initiating treatment makes rapid access critical. Federal Test-to-Treat programs provide tests, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Paxlovid is authorized for the treatment of COVID-19 and must be used within the first 5 days of symptom onset. This limited window for initiating treatment makes rapid access critical. Federal Test-to-Treat programs provide tests, prescriptions, and medication in one visit3. Objective: The objective of this study was to map the location of and identify disparities in access to Test-to-Treat programs in the United States (U.S.). Methods: We obtained location data for public providers of Paxlovid and Test-to-Treat programs in the contiguous U.S. and examined their spatial distribution at the zip code tabulation area level. We defined zip codes as underserved if there was no Test-to-Treat program located within the zip code or within 20 miles of its boundaries. Results: More than 52,000,000 people, representing 16% of the continental U.S. population, do not have access to a Test-to-Treat program in their zip code or within 20 miles. The majority of zip codes representing metropolitan areas have a Test-to-Treat program within 20 miles (77%). In contrast, only 30% of small towns and 23% of rural areas have nearby access. Zip codes with a high proportion of Hispanic and Black residents were likely to have access to nearby Test-to-Treat programs (72%, 70%). In contrast, zip codes with a high proportion of Native American residents were likely to be underserved (70%). About half of high-poverty zip codes do not have access to a Test-to-Treat program within 20 miles. Discussion: Disparities in outcomes related to COVID-19 have been apparent since the beginning of the pandemic and continue to grow. While the multi-dimensional measure of social vulnerability was used to expand the federal Test-to-Treat program, some populations remain without access.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-03
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2022.08.02.22278349
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Exclusion of pregnant people from emergency vaccine clinical trials: A systematic review of clinical trial protocols and reporting from 2009 to 2019.

    Minchin, Jamie / Harris, Gavin H / Baumann, Sasha / Smith, Emily R

    Vaccine

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 35, Page(s) 5159–5181

    Abstract: Background: Existing ethics guidance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for pregnancy-specific safety and efficacy data during the development of vaccines in health emergencies. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of vaccine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Existing ethics guidance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for pregnancy-specific safety and efficacy data during the development of vaccines in health emergencies. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of vaccine clinical trials during active epidemic periods.
    Methods: We searched for Phase II and Phase III vaccine clinical trials initiated during the H1N1 influenza, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Zika, and Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks from 2009 to 2019. Data were extracted from clinical trial protocols identified in the following registries: ClinicalTrials.gov, Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR), and all primary registries indicated by the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Published studies from registered clinical trials were located through PubMed. Data was extracted on eligibility criteria and pregnancy outcomes. Data from this study is available in the Center for Open Science Data Repository: https://osf.io/nfk2p/?view_only=47deb3b206724af9b46c9c0c0083a267.
    Results: We identified 96 vaccine clinical trial protocols and included 84 in analysis. 5 records were excluded in screening for irrelevant abstracts, 7 were excluded in full-text assessment (1 for a therapeutic drug trial, 3 for enrolling elderly adults only, 3 for enrolling children/adolescents only). There were no eligible trials for MERS-CoV or Zika virus vaccines. Overall, 8 protocols explicitly included pregnant people; of these, 3 were completed trials with published results. Incidental pregnancies and outcomes of pregnant participants were reported in 2 studies, 10 studies reported serious adverse events related to pregnancy without mentioning total incidental pregnancies. A total of 411 recorded pregnancy outcomes were reported, with 293 from the 3 pregnancy-eligible studies with results. 71 serious adverse events pertaining to pregnancy were reported from all clinical trials with results.
    Conclusion: Pregnant people are underrepresented in vaccine clinical trials conducted during outbreaks, resulting in underreporting of pregnancy-related outcomes and a lack of protection for pregnant people and neonates from infectious diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Disease Outbreaks ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Vaccines ; Zika Virus ; Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control ; Clinical Trial Protocols as Topic
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.073
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  8. Article ; Online: Climate change worsens global inequity in maternal nutrition.

    Blakstad, Mia M / Smith, Emily R

    The Lancet. Planetary health

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 12, Page(s) e547–e548

    MeSH term(s) Agriculture ; Air Pollution ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate Change ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Female ; Food Insecurity ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2542-5196
    ISSN (online) 2542-5196
    DOI 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30246-1
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  9. Article ; Online: Understanding and improving biosecurity among recreational anglers in Great Britain

    Smith, Emily R. C. / Heal, Richard / Wood, Louisa E.

    Journal of Fish Biology. 2023 May, v. 102, no. 5 p.1177-1190

    2023  

    Abstract: Recreational fishing with the principal motivation of leisure is associated with important economic, social and conservation values. Nonetheless, it is also a primary pathway for the introduction and spread of invasive non‐native species and aquatic ... ...

    Abstract Recreational fishing with the principal motivation of leisure is associated with important economic, social and conservation values. Nonetheless, it is also a primary pathway for the introduction and spread of invasive non‐native species and aquatic animal disease. Several studies have explored the overall biosecurity risk posed by recreational anglers based on self‐reported behaviours and the awareness of biosecurity campaigns. Nonetheless, there has been little in‐depth exploration of the characteristics of key stakeholders who are implementing biosecurity best practices and the barriers that prevent anglers from undertaking biosecurity measures in the field. This study addresses this knowledge gap using an online questionnaire to collect information on angler socio‐demographic characteristics, voluntary biosecurity behaviour and barriers affecting the implementation of biosecurity best practices in Great Britain. The results indicated that cleaning behaviours vary considerably among anglers, with angling frequency and the number of pieces of equipment affecting how likely anglers were to clean and dry these items. High levels of disinfectant use were reported among anglers, potentially attributed to the concurrent advocation of disinfectant to prevent the spread of aquatic animal disease. Barriers affecting the implementation of correct cleaning behaviours included a combination of factors, such as practicality, disability, lack of available information and individual values. These findings illustrate the importance for fishery managers, water companies and policymakers to tailor prevention measures and facilities for anglers to maximise the practicality of biosecurity measures and encourage long‐term implementation of best practices.
    Keywords animal diseases ; biosecurity ; disinfectants ; equipment ; fish ; fisheries ; introduced species ; invasive species ; questionnaires ; risk ; stakeholders ; Great Britain
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Size p. 1177-1190.
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 410564-3
    ISSN 1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
    ISSN (online) 1095-8649
    ISSN 0022-1112
    DOI 10.1111/jfb.15345
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  10. Article ; Online: Exclusion of pregnant people from emergency vaccine clinical trials: A systematic review of clinical trial protocols and reporting from 2009 to 2019

    Minchin, Jamie / Harris, Gavin H. / Baumann, Sasha / Smith, Emily R.

    Vaccine. 2023 July 11,

    2023  

    Abstract: Existing ethics guidance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for pregnancy-specific safety and efficacy data during the development of vaccines in health emergencies. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of vaccine clinical trials ... ...

    Abstract Existing ethics guidance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for pregnancy-specific safety and efficacy data during the development of vaccines in health emergencies. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of vaccine clinical trials during active epidemic periods. We searched for Phase II and Phase III vaccine clinical trials initiated during the H1N1 influenza, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Zika, and Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks from 2009 to 2019. Data were extracted from clinical trial protocols identified in the following registries: ClinicalTrials.gov, Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR), and all primary registries indicated by the World Health Organization’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Published studies from registered clinical trials were located through PubMed. Data was extracted on eligibility criteria and pregnancy outcomes. Data from this study is available in the Center for Open Science Data Repository: https://osf.io/nfk2p/?view_only=47deb3b206724af9b46c9c0c0083a267. We identified 96 vaccine clinical trial protocols and included 84 in analysis. 5 records were excluded in screening for irrelevant abstracts, 7 were excluded in full-text assessment (1 for a therapeutic drug trial, 3 for enrolling elderly adults only, 3 for enrolling children/adolescents only). There were no eligible trials for MERS-CoV or Zika virus vaccines. Overall, 8 protocols explicitly included pregnant people; of these, 3 were completed trials with published results. Incidental pregnancies and outcomes of pregnant participants were reported in 2 studies, 10 studies reported serious adverse events related to pregnancy without mentioning total incidental pregnancies. A total of 411 recorded pregnancy outcomes were reported, with 293 from the 3 pregnancy-eligible studies with results. 71 serious adverse events pertaining to pregnancy were reported from all clinical trials with results. Pregnant people are underrepresented in vaccine clinical trials conducted during outbreaks, resulting in underreporting of pregnancy-related outcomes and a lack of protection for pregnant people and neonates from infectious diseases.
    Keywords Coronavirus infections ; Ebolavirus ; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ; World Health Organization ; Zika virus ; clinical trials ; elderly ; ethics ; influenza ; people ; pregnancy ; systematic review ; therapeutics ; vaccines ; Ebola ; Epidemics ; H1N1 influenza ; Zika
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0711
    Size p. 5159-5181.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.073
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    Full text online

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