LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 1696

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Beyond fitness: The information imparted in population states by selection throughout lifecycles.

    Smith, Eric

    Theoretical population biology

    2024  Volume 157, Page(s) 86–117

    Abstract: We approach the questions, what part of evolutionary change results from selection, and what is the adaptive information flow into a population undergoing selection, as a problem of quantifying the divergence of typical trajectories realized under ... ...

    Abstract We approach the questions, what part of evolutionary change results from selection, and what is the adaptive information flow into a population undergoing selection, as a problem of quantifying the divergence of typical trajectories realized under selection from the expected dynamics of their counterparts under a null stochastic-process model representing the absence of selection. This approach starts with a formulation of adaptation in terms of information and from that identifies selection from the genetic parameters that generate information flow; it is the reverse of a historical approach that defines selection in terms of fitness, and then identifies adaptive characters as those amplified in relative frequency by fitness. Adaptive information is a relative entropy on distributions of histories computed directly from the generators of stochastic evolutionary population processes, which in large population limits can be approximated by its leading exponential dependence as a large-deviation function. We study a particular class of generators that represent the genetic dependence of explicit transitions around reproductive cycles in terms of stoichiometry, familiar from chemical reaction networks. Following Smith (2023), which showed that partitioning evolutionary events among genetically distinct realizations of lifecycles yields a more consistent causal analysis through the Price equation than the construction from units of selection and fitness, here we show that it likewise yields more complete evolutionary information measures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3948-2
    ISSN 1096-0325 ; 0040-5809
    ISSN (online) 1096-0325
    ISSN 0040-5809
    DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2024.04.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1097: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  2. Article: Advances in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Sandra E. Black Lecture to the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation.

    Smith, Eric E

    The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques

    2024  , Page(s) 1–8

    Abstract: Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are among the most common age-related pathologies of the brain. Arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most common CSVDs. In addition to causing stroke and dementia, CSVDs can have diverse ... ...

    Abstract Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are among the most common age-related pathologies of the brain. Arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most common CSVDs. In addition to causing stroke and dementia, CSVDs can have diverse covert radiological manifestations on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging including lacunes, T2-weighted white matter hyperintensities, increased density of visible perivascular spaces, microbleeds and cortical superficial siderosis. Because they cannot be visualized directly, research on the pathophysiology of CSVD has been difficult. However, advances in quantitative imaging methods, including physiological imaging such as measurement of cerebrovascular reactivity and increased vascular permeability, are beginning to allow investigation of the early effects of CSVD in living people. Furthermore, genomics, metabolomics and proteomics have the potential to illuminate previously unrecognized pathways to CSVD that could be important targets for new clinical trials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 197622-9
    ISSN 0317-1671
    ISSN 0317-1671
    DOI 10.1017/cjn.2024.26
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1203: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  3. Article ; Online: Introduction to Focused Update Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Better Diagnosis, More Avenues for Prevention.

    Smith, Eric E

    Stroke

    2024  Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 788–790

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control ; Dementia, Vascular/diagnosis ; Dementia, Vascular/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Stroke
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80381-9
    ISSN 1524-4628 ; 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    ISSN (online) 1524-4628
    ISSN 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    DOI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.046673
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 448: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  4. Article ; Online: Beyond fitness: the nature of selection acting through the constructive steps of lifecycles.

    Smith, Eric

    Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

    2023  Volume 77, Issue 9, Page(s) 1967–1986

    Abstract: We address the problem of defining selection and extracting the adaptive part of evolutionary change, originally formalized by Fisher and Price. Conventionally, selection and adaptation are defined through fitness attributed to genes or genotypes chosen ... ...

    Abstract We address the problem of defining selection and extracting the adaptive part of evolutionary change, originally formalized by Fisher and Price. Conventionally, selection and adaptation are defined through fitness attributed to genes or genotypes chosen as units of selection. The construction through fitness is known to suffer ambiguities and omissions as a theory of change due to selection. We construct an alternative framing in which units of selection and fitness are replaced as the main abstractions by formal lifecycle models and reproduction rates through genetically distinct lifecycle realizations. Graphical representations of lifecycles express relations among reproductive stages that cannot be assigned to any one unit of selection. The lifecycle partition refines the statistics of overall reproductive success and resolves modes of selection that fitness either excludes or distorts through additive projections. We derive the Price equation in the basis of lifecycle realizations and compare it to the conventional Price equation for additive fitness of organisms. We show how the lifecycle approach recovers fitnesses acting concurrently at multiple levels, or contrasts forms of competition within and between levels that are invisible to additive fitness. Defining selection through lifecycles recasts population genetics from an object-focused to a construction- and process-focused representation.
    MeSH term(s) Selection, Genetic ; Genetics, Population ; Biological Evolution ; Reproduction ; Genotype ; Models, Genetic ; Genetic Fitness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2036375-8
    ISSN 1558-5646 ; 0014-3820
    ISSN (online) 1558-5646
    ISSN 0014-3820
    DOI 10.1093/evolut/qpad068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  5. Article ; Online: The Future of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy.

    Smith, Eric L

    Hematology/oncology clinics of North America

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s) 1215–1219

    Abstract: Over the last 10 years CAR T cell therapies have been shown to be transformative for B- and plasma-cell malignancies, however the field is only beginning to realize the potential benefit to patients of such therapies. Over the next 10 years it is ... ...

    Abstract Over the last 10 years CAR T cell therapies have been shown to be transformative for B- and plasma-cell malignancies, however the field is only beginning to realize the potential benefit to patients of such therapies. Over the next 10 years it is expected that advances will be made in durable response rates for patients with B/plasma cell malignancies; expansion to T-cell, myeloid, and solid malignancies; and in delivery and manufacturing to transform the field.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 93115-9
    ISSN 1558-1977 ; 0889-8588
    ISSN (online) 1558-1977
    ISSN 0889-8588
    DOI 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Se 1077: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  6. Article ; Online: The information geometry of two-field functional integrals.

    Smith, Eric

    Information geometry

    2022  Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 427–492

    Abstract: Two-field functional integrals (2FFI) are an important class of solution methods for generating functions of dissipative processes, including discrete-state stochastic processes, dissipative dynamical systems, and decohering quantum densities. The ... ...

    Abstract Two-field functional integrals (2FFI) are an important class of solution methods for generating functions of dissipative processes, including discrete-state stochastic processes, dissipative dynamical systems, and decohering quantum densities. The stationary trajectories of these integrals describe a conserved current by Liouville's theorem, despite the absence of a conserved kinematic phase space current in the underlying stochastic process. We develop the information geometry of generating functions for discrete-state classical stochastic processes in the Doi-Peliti 2FFI form, and exhibit two quantities conserved along stationary trajectories. One is a Wigner function, familiar as a semiclassical density from quantum-mechanical time-dependent density-matrix methods. The second is an overlap function, between directions of variation in an underlying distribution and those in the directions of relative large-deviation probability that can be used to interrogate the distribution, and expressed as an inner product of vector fields in the Fisher information metric. To give an interpretation to the time invertibility implied by current conservation, we use generating functions to represent importance sampling protocols, and show that the conserved Fisher information is the differential of a sample volume under deformations of the nominal distribution and the likelihood ratio. We derive a pair of dual affine connections particular to Doi-Peliti theory for the way they separate the roles of the nominal distribution and likelihood ratio, distinguishing them from the standard dually-flat connection of Nagaoka and Amari defined on the importance distribution, and show that dual flatness in the affine coordinates of the coherent-state basis captures the special role played by coherent states in Doi-Peliti theory.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2511-249X
    ISSN (online) 2511-249X
    DOI 10.1007/s41884-022-00071-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  7. Article ; Online: Perivascular Spaces: Clinically Relevant but Underappreciated.

    Smith, Eric

    Neurology

    2022  Volume 99, Issue 23, Page(s) 1019–1020

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nervous System Malformations ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201442
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ui II Zs.153: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 18: Show issues
    Zs.MO 374: Show issues

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  8. Article: Save the Greater Trochanter: A Novel Modification to the Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy.

    Smith, Eric B

    Arthroplasty today

    2022  Volume 16, Page(s) 107–111

    Abstract: The extended trochanteric osteotomy is the workhorse for removal of well-fixed femoral stems during total hip revision arthroplasty. Despite its reliable performance in exposing the implants for removal and accessing the femoral canal, significant ... ...

    Abstract The extended trochanteric osteotomy is the workhorse for removal of well-fixed femoral stems during total hip revision arthroplasty. Despite its reliable performance in exposing the implants for removal and accessing the femoral canal, significant complications can occur. Though these complications are rare, trochanteric nonunion, trochanteric escape, and femoral implant subsidence can have a significant negative impact on gait mechanics and patient outcome. If access to the canal was still possible and the greater trochanter could remain in place, these complications could be minimized or possibly even eliminated. This paper describes a novel technique using a lateral cortical window just distal to the greater trochanter that allows removal of a well-fixed stem and leaves the greater trochanter intact.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2352-3441
    ISSN 2352-3441
    DOI 10.1016/j.artd.2022.05.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  9. Article ; Online: What Turns the White Matter White? Metabolomic Clues to the Origin of Age-Related Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities.

    Smith, Eric E

    Circulation

    2022  Volume 145, Issue 14, Page(s) 1053–1055

    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Metabolomics ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80099-5
    ISSN 1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    ISSN (online) 1524-4539
    ISSN 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059281
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ui IV Zs.60: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

  10. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Management in Asymptomatic (Silent) Cerebral Microbleeds and Suspected Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

    Charidimou, Andreas / Smith, Eric E

    Stroke

    2024  Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 1101–1112

    Abstract: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) detected on blood-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging sequences are usually a sign of an underlying cerebral small vessel disease such as sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy or sporadic nonamyloid small vessel pathology (eg, ...

    Abstract Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) detected on blood-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging sequences are usually a sign of an underlying cerebral small vessel disease such as sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy or sporadic nonamyloid small vessel pathology (eg, arteriolosclerosis). Much of the enduring interest in CMBs relates to their high prevalence (partly due to the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging) in the context of stroke, cognitive impairment and in healthy individuals, and the clinical uncertainties created about the safety of antithrombotic medications due to their association with both future hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Historically, the research literature overwhelmingly emphasized the future hemorrhagic risk associated with CMBs, potentially leading to unnecessary withholding of treatments proven effective at preventing thrombosis, such as anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation who happened to have some microbleeds. The lack of strong guidelines in this area contributes to wide variation in clinical practice. In this article, we critically review and discuss the implications of silent CMBs and cortical superficial siderosis (ie, without symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage) in different clinical settings: the general population, patients with ischemic stroke, and the memory clinic. Emerging evidence, albeit not from randomized controlled trials, suggests that in most patients, CMBs alone should not prevent the use of antithrombotics or anticoagulants for stroke prevention, when they are otherwise indicated. Where possible, we provide specific suggestions for clinical care grounded in both the limited available literature and our personal clinical practice.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Stroke/diagnostic imaging ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Stroke/complications ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/complications ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/complications ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/drug therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80381-9
    ISSN 1524-4628 ; 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    ISSN (online) 1524-4628
    ISSN 0039-2499 ; 0749-7954
    DOI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044167
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 448: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

To top