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  1. Article: Climate, population, food security: adapting and evolving in times of global change

    Smith, G. R / Archer, R

    international journal of sustainable development and world ecology. 2020 July 03, v. 27, no. 5

    2020  

    Abstract: This journal article explores local and global impacts and responses to climate change. There is a significant need to maintain sustainable food security for present and future populations. Climate change and global population food security are ... ...

    Abstract This journal article explores local and global impacts and responses to climate change. There is a significant need to maintain sustainable food security for present and future populations. Climate change and global population food security are interdependent. Emerging issues that will shape the future of the global population through support from sustainable agriculture are explored. The focus also addresses emerging agriculture technology. Increases in global population pose the possibility that traditional food sources may not be sufficient to sustain future populations over the long term. It is also possible that global populations could significantly decline even though global populations currently continue to maintain food security. All and all, food security could conceivably be balanced to achieve a level of sustainable available food, supplying the sustainable future populations of the world. There is hope.
    Keywords climate ; climate change ; food security ; sustainable agriculture ; traditional foods
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0703
    Size p. 419-423.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1745-2627
    DOI 10.1080/13504509.2020.1712558
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Selection of substrate type, substrate color, and vegetation by tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus

    Sánchez-Sánchez, Renato / Méndez-Méndez, Olga / Hernández-Luría, Jazmín / Smith, G. R. / Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.

    Herpetozoa. 2023 July 05, v. 36 p.153-157

    2023  

    Abstract: AbstractThe characteristics of microhabitats in streams can drive the distribution of tadpoles. We experimentally examined microhabitat selection of tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus. We used a series of choice experiments to test if tadpoles had ... ...

    Abstract AbstractThe characteristics of microhabitats in streams can drive the distribution of tadpoles. We experimentally examined microhabitat selection of tadpoles of Dryophytes plicatus. We used a series of choice experiments to test if tadpoles had preferences for particular substrate types, substrate colors, and vegetation. Tadpoles of D. plicatus had a strong preference for mud substrates over sand, gravel, and rock substrates and preferred darker substrates over lighter substrates. Dryophytes plicatus tadpoles used the non-vegetated side of an aquarium more than the vegetated side. Our experimental results matched previous field observations in the case of the preference for mud substrates but differed from the field observations for substrate color and vegetation, suggesting that basic underlying preferences may be modified by various factors in nature or by learning or conditioning.
    Keywords Dryophytes ; color ; gravel ; microhabitats ; sand ; vegetation ; Arroyo los Axolotes ; behavior ; Mexico ; microhabitat selection ; stream ; tadpoles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0705
    Size p. 153-157.
    Publishing place Pensoft Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2474932-1
    ISSN 2682-955X
    ISSN 2682-955X
    DOI 10.3897/herpetozoa.36.e105332
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Registration of ‘Giant’ forage cowpea

    Smith, G. R. / Rouquette, F. M., Jr / DeLaune, P. / Kochan, K. / Wheeler, T. / Wolff, N. C.

    Journal of Plant Registrations. 2023 May, v. 17, no. 2 p.263-270

    2023  

    Abstract: Giant’ (Reg. no. CV‐348, PI 701902) is a southern root‐knot nematode (Meloidgyne incognita race 3 and race 4)–resistant forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Overton, TX. Giant is intended for use as a ... ...

    Abstract ‘Giant’ (Reg. no. CV‐348, PI 701902) is a southern root‐knot nematode (Meloidgyne incognita race 3 and race 4)–resistant forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Overton, TX. Giant is intended for use as a warm‐season cover crop, a forage and hay crop, and supplemental browse for white‐tailed deer. Giant is an indeterminate, forage type cowpea that produces biomass from May through September in northeast Texas but also flowers 25 days earlier than ‘Iron & Clay’ cowpea, allowing seed production in northeast Texas before the first average frost date. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed the variety mix Iron & Clay as the parental source population for Giant. Forage production of Giant at Overton, TX, in 2019 and 2020 was 5.3 and 6.0 Mg dry matter (DM) ha⁻¹, respectively. Forage production of Giant in 2019 at Prairie and Starkville, MS, was 2.8 and 2.9 Mg DM ha⁻¹, respectively. Protein content of Giant in 2019 at Prairie and Starkville was 21.1 and 21.2%, respectively. Forage production of Giant in 2019 at Chillicothe, TX and Lockett, TX, was 2.6 and 3.6 Mg DM ha⁻¹, respectively. Top growth nitrogen (N) yield of Giant in 2019 at Chillicothe, TX, and Lockett, TX, was 67 and 65 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively. Based on very low nematode reproduction, Giant is rated resistant and partially resistant to southern root‐knot nematode race 3 and race 4, respectively.
    Keywords Nematoda ; Odocoileus virginianus ; Vigna unguiculata ; biomass ; cover crops ; cowpeas ; forage ; forage production ; frost ; hay ; nitrogen ; protein content ; reproduction ; root-knot nematodes ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; warm season ; Texas
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Size p. 263-270.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2381569-3
    ISSN 1940-3496 ; 1936-5209
    ISSN (online) 1940-3496
    ISSN 1936-5209
    DOI 10.1002/plr2.20288
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico with a conservation status summary and comparisons with neighboring states

    Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. / Smith, G. R.

    ZooKeys. 2020 Apr. 30, v. 931 p.85-114

    2020  

    Abstract: Sinaloa possesses a rich biota with unique characteristics due to its proximity to the northern deserts, the tropical lowlands of the south, and the temperate environments of the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. However, threats ... ...

    Abstract Sinaloa possesses a rich biota with unique characteristics due to its proximity to the northern deserts, the tropical lowlands of the south, and the temperate environments of the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. However, threats to its environment makes understanding the biological diversity of Sinaloa crucial. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles has been generated, and the conservation status of Sinaloa's herpetofauna summarized with the aim of understanding the potential conservation or management needs. Sinaloa has 159 species of amphibians and reptiles, including 39 species of amphibians and 120 species of reptiles. The herpetofauna of Sinaloa has relatively few species of conservation concern at a global and national scale (IUCN and SEMARNAT lists), but Environmental Vulnerability Scores suggest that there might be greater conservation concerns for the Sinaloa herpetofauna. Families of particular conservation concern include Craugastoridae, Eleutherodactylidae, Ambystomatidae, Crocodylidae, Dactyloidae, Eublepharidae, Helodermatidae, Iguanidae, Phrynosomatidae, Phyllodactylidae, Colubridae, Natricidae, Viperidae, Cheloniidae, and Dermochelyidae.
    Keywords Ambystomatidae ; Cheloniidae ; Colubridae ; Craugastoridae ; Crocodylidae ; Dermochelyidae ; Eleutherodactylidae ; Helodermatidae ; Iguanidae ; Viperidae ; biodiversity ; conservation status ; herpetofauna ; Mexico ; checklist ; crocodilians ; frogs ; lizards ; salamanders ; snakes ; turtles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0430
    Size p. 85-114.
    Publishing place Pensoft Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2445640-8
    ISSN 1313-2970 ; 1313-2989
    ISSN (online) 1313-2970
    ISSN 1313-2989
    DOI 10.3897/zookeys.931.50922
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: ‘Ace’ forage cowpea

    Smith, G. R. / Rouquette, F. M., Jr / DeLaune, P.

    Journal of plant registrations. 2020 May, v. 14, no. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: Ace’ (Reg. no. CV‐329, PI 691530) is a small‐seeded cultivar of forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] that was developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Overton, TX. Ace is intended for use in wildlife supplemental plantings, cover cropping ... ...

    Abstract ‘Ace’ (Reg. no. CV‐329, PI 691530) is a small‐seeded cultivar of forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] that was developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Overton, TX. Ace is intended for use in wildlife supplemental plantings, cover cropping systems, and hay production systems. Forage cowpeas are widely used in Texas and the U.S. southern region as supplemental plantings for white‐tailed deer, but seed production of late‐flowering forage cowpeas is restricted in northern Texas due to freeze kill prior to seed maturity. Mass selection within two highly variable plant introduction lines was used to develop Ace. Seed from five plants with very similar phenotypes, including first bloom in late August, was bulked and tested as experimental forage cowpea. Biomass production of Ace (experimental designation TX‐3) at Overton was 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Biomass production of Ace at Vernon, TX, in 2015, 2016, and 2017 was 3.9, 5.9, and 6.7 Mg dry matter ha⁻¹, respectively. Protein content of Ace biomass at Vernon in 2015 and 2016 was 16.5 and 16.4, respectively. Seed production of Ace at Vernon ranged from 106 to 670 kg ha⁻¹. The seed size of Ace, expressed as seed weight, was 5.1 g 100 seeds⁻¹, compared with Iron & Clay at 10.6 g 100 seeds⁻¹. Average days to first bloom at Overton for Ace and Iron & Clay are 87 and 114, respectively. Root galling of Ace by southern root‐knot nematode (Meloidgyne incognita Race 3) is very low, and nematode reproduction is low, relative to southern root‐knot nematode–susceptible cowpea lines. Greenhouse seed germination studies indicate about 25% of Ace seed would survive after 2 mo of simulated field conditions and that all seed would be germinated after 3 mo. The reseeding potential of Ace needs further study.
    Keywords Nematoda ; Odocoileus virginianus ; Vigna unguiculata ; biomass production ; cowpeas ; cultivars ; forage ; greenhouses ; hay ; introduced plants ; late flowering ; protein content ; root-knot nematodes ; seed germination ; seed size ; seed weight ; wildlife ; Texas
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-05
    Size p. 126-133.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2381569-3
    ISSN 1940-3496 ; 1936-5209
    ISSN (online) 1940-3496
    ISSN 1936-5209
    DOI 10.1002/plr2.20040
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Book: Bacterial diseases

    Smith, Geoffrey Robin

    (Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology, virology and immunity ; 3)

    1990  

    Author's details [ed. by Geoffrey R. Smith ...]
    Series title Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology, virology and immunity ; 3
    Collection
    Size XVIII, 727 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition 8.ed.
    Publisher Arnold
    Publishing place London u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT003634369
    ISBN 0-7131-4591-9 ; 978-0-7131-4591-5
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  7. Book: Reproduction and disease in captive and wild animals

    Smith, Geoffrey Robin

    to mark the 50th anniversary of the Wellcome Trust

    (Symposia of the Zoological Society of London ; 60)

    1988  

    Author's details ed. by G. R. Smith
    Series title Symposia of the Zoological Society of London ; 60
    Collection
    Keywords Wildtiere ; Fortpflanzung ; Tierkrankheit ; Haustiere
    Subject Reproduktion ; Viehkrankheit ; Tiere ; Haustier ; Wildtier ; Wilde Tiere ; Wildlebende Tiere
    Size VIII, 209 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Clarendon Press
    Publishing place Oxford
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT004544127
    ISBN 0-19-854007-8 ; 978-0-19-854007-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  8. Article: Simulating Winter Wheat Forage Production in the Southern United States Using a Forage Wheat Model

    Woli, P / Rouquette, F. M / Smith, G. R / Long, C. R / Nelson, L. R

    Agronomy journal. 2019 May, v. 111, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important component of pastures in the southern United States. This study examined winter wheat biomass responses to N application rate as influenced by soil type, planting date, drought, and El Niño-Southern ... ...

    Abstract Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important component of pastures in the southern United States. This study examined winter wheat biomass responses to N application rate as influenced by soil type, planting date, drought, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for the Pineywoods region of Texas using a new forage wheat model that had been incorporated into the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer suite of crop models. Biomass was simulated for various scenarios comprising two soils, three planting dates, seven N rates, and 74 yr of weather data. The biomass response to N rate was represented by a one-phase exponential association. Biomass generally peaked at 135 kg N ha–¹ on the finer, more fertile Lilbert soil and at 269 kg N ha–¹ on the coarser, less fertile Darco soil. Biomass decreased with a delay in planting date at N rates ≥135 kg N ha–¹ for Lilbert and ≥202 kg N ha–¹ for Darco. The effect of drought during September to October was greater for a higher N rate, the Darco soil, and an earlier planting date. The effect of drought during March to April was greatest at 135 kg N ha–¹ and greater on Darco, with up to 45% reduction in biomass compared with 35% on Lilbert. Biomass reduction was up to 45% for the mid-October planting and 32% for the mid-September planting. Winter wheat biomass yield was not significantly affected by ENSO. These findings might assist winter wheat forage growers in this region in identifying soil type–, planting date–, and weather-specific N rates to optimize forage production.
    Keywords Triticum aestivum ; agronomy ; biomass production ; decision support systems ; drought ; fertilizer rates ; forage ; forage production ; meteorological data ; soil types ; winter wheat ; Texas
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-05
    Size p. 1141-1154.
    Publishing place The American Society of Agronomy, Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; epub
    ZDB-ID 410332-4
    ISSN 1435-0645 ; 0002-1962
    ISSN (online) 1435-0645
    ISSN 0002-1962
    DOI 10.2134/agronj2018.06.0369
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: First Report of Pythium ultimum, P. irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani AG4, and Fusarium proliferatum from Arrowleaf Clover (Trifolium vesiculosum): A Disease Complex.

    Pemberton, I J / Smith, G R / Philley, G L / Rouquette, F M / Yuen, G Y

    Plant disease

    2019  Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 128

    Abstract: Poor stand establishment, failure to recover after grazing, and premature plant death have reduced the utilization of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) as a forage crop in the southeastern United States in recent years. Clover plants ... ...

    Abstract Poor stand establishment, failure to recover after grazing, and premature plant death have reduced the utilization of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) as a forage crop in the southeastern United States in recent years. Clover plants collected from poor stands in east Texas pastures during the 1995 to 1996 and 1996 to 1997 seasons first exhibited root disease symptoms as young seedlings in the fall. Symptoms consisted of one or more of the following: tan discoloration of lateral roots and taproot; root pruning; and small, tan, sunken lesions on the taproot and crown. Many Rhizobium nodules were brown and dead. Toward spring, symptoms increased in severity. Root lesions became larger and darker, and internal crown discoloration was observed. Disease incidence reached 100% in both growing seasons. Premature death of plants also was observed, especially in pastures where plants had been grazed. Most of the fungi isolated from diseased roots were Pythium, multi- and binucleate Rhizoctonia, and Fusarium spp. Many plants were infected with two or three pathogens simultaneously. Two Rhizoctonia isolates (AR96-17 and -26) were identified as R. solani anastomosis group 4 (AG4; D. R. Sumner, University of Georgia). AR96-8 was identified as Fusarium proliferatum (T. Matsushima) Nirenberg (Fusarium Research Center, Penn State University; deposited as isolate M-8382). Three Pythium isolates (AR96-7, -11 and -39) were identified as P. irregulare Buisman, based on oogonial and sporangial characteristics. Eight other Pythium isolates were not identified. Pythium isolate AR97-1, found in 1997, was identified as P. ultimum Trow. Greenhouse studies to confirm pathogenicity of these isolates were conducted by sowing cv. Yuchi arrowleaf clover seed into artificially infested soilless medium. In pathogenicity tests for P. ultimum, seedling emergence for controls was 69% after 8 days, but no seedlings emerged from P. ultimum-infested media. Several seeds showed imbibition and emerging radicles but were symptomatic. The pathogen was reisolated from necrotic radicles. After 19 weeks, survival and root disease symptoms were recorded for plants infected by the other isolates. Pathogens were reisolated from diseased plants. Disease symptoms were similar to those observed on plants collected in the field, and differed among pathogens. The Pythium isolates and P. irregulare caused tan discoloration and pruning of the entire root system, sometimes leaving only stubs along the taproot. Survival of clover plants infected by Pythium spp. and P. irregulare isolates averaged 79 and 83%, respectively. R. solani AG4 isolates caused internal crown discoloration, root lesions, and severe root rot, and plant survival was only 31%. F. proliferatum caused hyperelongation of the hypocotyl and stem, mild chlorosis, tan discoloration of roots, and 94% plant survival. Survival was 86% for control plants. P. ultimum, P. irregulare, R. solani AG4, and F. proliferatum are part of a larger disease complex occurring on arrowleaf clover in east Texas that also includes bean yellow mosaic virus (1) and possibly other root and crown rot diseases. This report is the first to identify some of the components of this disease complex impacting arrowleaf clover in Texas, and to demonstrate pathogenicity of each fungal pathogen individually. There are no arrowleaf clover cultivars currently known to have resistance to any of these pathogens. Reference: (1) I. J. Pemberton et al. Phytopathology 81:1001, 1991.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 754182-x
    ISSN 0191-2917
    ISSN 0191-2917
    DOI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.128B
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Combined effects of malathion and nitrate on early growth, abnormalities, and mortality of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles.

    Krishnamurthy, S V / Smith, G R

    Ecotoxicology (London, England)

    2011  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 1361–1367

    Abstract: Use of pesticides and other agro-chemicals adversely influence amphibians either directly by killing them or by inducing sublethal, chronic effects. Many studies have investigated the effect of mixtures of pesticides or fertilizers. We studied the ... ...

    Abstract Use of pesticides and other agro-chemicals adversely influence amphibians either directly by killing them or by inducing sublethal, chronic effects. Many studies have investigated the effect of mixtures of pesticides or fertilizers. We studied the combined effects of nitrate and malathion ([(dimethoxy phosphino thioyl] butanediotae) on the early growth, expression of abnormalities, and mortality of Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles in a laboratory experiment. Tadpoles were treated with factorial combinations of 0, 8, and 16 mg NO(3)-N l(-1) and 0, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg malathion l(-1) for a period of 14 days. Feeding behaviour, total length, mean tadpole mass, frequencies of abnormalities, and survivorship in each treatment were recorded. Malathion showed a significant negative influence on all parameters and strongly influenced the frequencies of morphological anomalies. In contrast, nitrate alone did not produce any significant effects on behavior, total length, tadpole mass, or the frequency of abnormalities during the experiment. Malathion and nitrate had an interactive effect on tadpole length and mass, but did not affect any other parameters. Our results suggest that exposure to malathion, even at relatively low concentrations can have serious negative consequences for Wood Frog tadpoles. In addition, our results also indicate that there was little synergistic interaction between malathion and nitrate exposure under laboratory conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Larva/drug effects ; Larva/growth & development ; Malathion/toxicity ; Nitrates/toxicity ; Ranidae/abnormalities ; Ranidae/growth & development ; Ranidae/physiology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Insecticides ; Nitrates ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Malathion (U5N7SU872W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 34042-x
    ISSN 1573-3017 ; 0963-9292
    ISSN (online) 1573-3017
    ISSN 0963-9292
    DOI 10.1007/s10646-011-0692-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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