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Article ; Online: Combinatorial treatment of brain samples from sheep with scrapie using sodium percarbonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and proteinase K increases survival time in inoculated susceptible sheep.

Harm, Tyler A / Smith, Jodi D / Cassmann, Eric D / Greenlee, Justin J

2022 Volume 152, Page(s) 497–503

Abstract: The agent of scrapie is resistant to most chemical and physical methods of inactivation. Prions bind to soils, metals, and various materials and persist in the environment confounding the control of prion diseases. Most methods of prion inactivation ... ...

Abstract	The agent of scrapie is resistant to most chemical and physical methods of inactivation. Prions bind to soils, metals, and various materials and persist in the environment confounding the control of prion diseases. Most methods of prion inactivation require severe conditions such as prolong exposure to sodium hypochlorite or autoclaving, which may not be suitable for field conditions. We evaluated the efficacy of a combinatorial approach to inactivation of US scrapie strain x124 under the mild conditions of treating scrapie-affected brain homogenate with sodium percarbonate (SPC), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or in combination followed by proteinase K (PK) digestion at room temperature. Western blot analysis of treated brain homogenate demonstrates partial reduction in PrP
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sheep ; Scrapie ; Endopeptidase K/metabolism ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/pharmacology ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/metabolism ; Prions/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility/veterinary ; Sheep Diseases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Endopeptidase K (EC 3.4.21.64) ; PrPSc Proteins ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (368GB5141J) ; sodium percarbonate (Z7G82NV92P) ; Prions
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.002
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Article ; Online: Pathology in Practice.

Lemburg, Brigid K / Smith, Jodi D / Blong, April E / Walton, Rebecca A

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2022 Volume 259, Issue S2, Page(s) 1–3

Abstract: In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists. ...

Abstract	In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Pathology, Veterinary ; United States ; Veterinarians
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.20.11.0638
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Article: Combinatorial treatment of brain samples from sheep with scrapie using sodium percarbonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and proteinase K increases survival time in inoculated susceptible sheep

Harm, Tyler A. / Smith, Jodi D. / Cassmann, Eric D. / Greenlee, Justin J.

Research in veterinary science. 2022 Dec. 20, v. 152

2022

Abstract	The agent of scrapie is resistant to most chemical and physical methods of inactivation. Prions bind to soils, metals, and various materials and persist in the environment confounding the control of prion diseases. Most methods of prion inactivation require severe conditions such as prolong exposure to sodium hypochlorite or autoclaving, which may not be suitable for field conditions. We evaluated the efficacy of a combinatorial approach to inactivation of US scrapie strain x124 under the mild conditions of treating scrapie-affected brain homogenate with sodium percarbonate (SPC), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or in combination followed by proteinase K (PK) digestion at room temperature. Western blot analysis of treated brain homogenate demonstrates partial reduction in PrPSᶜ immunoreactivity. Genetically susceptible VRQ/ARQ Suffolk sheep were oronasally inoculated with 1 g of SPC (n = 1), SDS (n = 2), SDS + PK (n = 2), and SPC + SDS + PK (n = 4) treated brain homogenate. Sheep were assessed daily for clinical signs, euthanized at the development of clinical disease, and tissues were assessed for accumulation of PrPSᶜ. Scrapie status in all sheep was determined by western blot, enzyme immunoassay, and immunohistochemistry. Mean incubation periods (IPs) for SPC (11.9 months, 0% survival), SDS (12.6 months, 0% survival), SDS + PK (14.0 months, 0% survival), and SPC + SDS + PK (12.5 months, 25% survival) were increased compared to positive control sheep (n = 2, 10.7 months, 0% survival) by 1.2, 1.9, 3.3, and 1.8 months, respectively. Treatment did not influence PrPSᶜ accumulation and distribution at the clinical stage of disease. Differences in mean IPs and survival indicates partial but not complete reduction in scrapie infectivity.
Keywords	Suffolk (sheep breed) ; Western blotting ; ambient temperature ; autoclaving ; brain ; digestion ; enzyme immunoassays ; immune response ; immunohistochemistry ; pathogenicity ; peptidase K ; prions ; research ; scrapie ; sheep ; sodium dodecyl sulfate ; sodium hypochlorite ; sodium percarbonate ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1220
Size	p. 497-503.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.002
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Article ; Online: Pathology in Practice.

Merrill, Kristen M / LeVine, Dana / Smith, Jodi D

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2020 Volume 256, Issue 3, Page(s) 315–318

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dog Diseases/pathology ; Dogs ; Female ; Hepatitis, Animal/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.256.3.315
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Article ; Online: Pathology in Practice.

Smith, Jodi D / Harm, Tyler A / Greenlee, Justin J

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2019 Volume 254, Issue 7, Page(s) 819–821

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Prolactinoma/pathology ; Prolactinoma/veterinary ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.254.7.819
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Article: Histologic effects of MicroPulse™ transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in normal equine eyes

Foote, Braidee C / Smith, Jodi D / Allbaugh, Rachel A / Sebbag, Lionel

Veterinary ophthalmology. 2021 Jan., v. 24, no. 1

2021

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the immediate post‐operative effects of MicroPulse™ transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP‐TSCPC) in healthy equine eyes. ANIMALS STUDIED: Ten adult horses. METHODS: MP‐TSCPC was performed on sedated horses in 12 eyes (4 groups) ... ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVE: Determine the immediate post‐operative effects of MicroPulse™ transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP‐TSCPC) in healthy equine eyes. ANIMALS STUDIED: Ten adult horses. METHODS: MP‐TSCPC was performed on sedated horses in 12 eyes (4 groups) using the following parameters (power, duration, duty cycle): (1) 2000 mW, 180 seconds, 31.3%; (2) 3000 mW, 180 seconds, 31.3%; (3) 3000 mW, 270 seconds, 31.3%; and (4) 3000 mW, 270 seconds, 50%. Three additional eyes were left untreated (control). Eyes were monitored clinically until euthanasia (mean = 3 hours post‐procedure). Histologic sections were assessed with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: MP‐TSCPC was well tolerated by sedated horses. Adverse effects were only noted in Group 4: ocular hypertension (n = 3/3), conjunctival burns (3/3), aqueous flare (2/3), and a corneal erosion (1/3). Histologic scoring of Group 4 was statistically greater than other treated groups (1‐3) and control eyes (P ≤ .021). TEM showed subtle changes to the mitochondria and plasma membrane infoldings of the basilar surface of the nonpigmented epithelium in all treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: MP‐TSCPC does not cause immediate post‐procedure adverse clinical effects or pronounced morphological changes to the ciliary body, except with the highest laser settings evaluated (power 3000 mW, duration 270 seconds, duty cycle 50%).
Keywords	adults ; cornea ; epithelium ; euthanasia ; histology ; horses ; hypertension ; light microscopy ; mitochondria ; ophthalmology ; plasma membrane ; transmission electron microscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Size	p. 59-70.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2011043-1
ISSN	1463-5224 ; 1463-5216
ISSN (online)	1463-5224
ISSN	1463-5216
DOI	10.1111/vop.12846
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Article ; Online: Histologic effects of MicroPulse™ transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in normal equine eyes.

Foote, Braidee C / Smith, Jodi D / Allbaugh, Rachel A / Sebbag, Lionel

Veterinary ophthalmology

2020 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–70

Abstract: Objective: Determine the immediate post-operative effects of MicroPulse: Animals studied: Ten adult horses.: Methods: MP-TSCPC was performed on sedated horses in 12 eyes (4 groups) using the following parameters (power, duration, duty cycle): (1) ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Determine the immediate post-operative effects of MicroPulse Animals studied: Ten adult horses. Methods: MP-TSCPC was performed on sedated horses in 12 eyes (4 groups) using the following parameters (power, duration, duty cycle): (1) 2000 mW, 180 seconds, 31.3%; (2) 3000 mW, 180 seconds, 31.3%; (3) 3000 mW, 270 seconds, 31.3%; and (4) 3000 mW, 270 seconds, 50%. Three additional eyes were left untreated (control). Eyes were monitored clinically until euthanasia (mean = 3 hours post-procedure). Histologic sections were assessed with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: MP-TSCPC was well tolerated by sedated horses. Adverse effects were only noted in Group 4: ocular hypertension (n = 3/3), conjunctival burns (3/3), aqueous flare (2/3), and a corneal erosion (1/3). Histologic scoring of Group 4 was statistically greater than other treated groups (1-3) and control eyes (P ≤ .021). TEM showed subtle changes to the mitochondria and plasma membrane infoldings of the basilar surface of the nonpigmented epithelium in all treated eyes. Conclusions: MP-TSCPC does not cause immediate post-procedure adverse clinical effects or pronounced morphological changes to the ciliary body, except with the highest laser settings evaluated (power 3000 mW, duration 270 seconds, duty cycle 50%).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ciliary Body/anatomy & histology ; Ciliary Body/surgery ; Ciliary Body/ultrastructure ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Eye/ultrastructure ; Female ; Horses/surgery ; Laser Coagulation/methods ; Laser Coagulation/veterinary ; Male ; Postoperative Period
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011043-1
ISSN	1463-5224 ; 1463-5216
ISSN (online)	1463-5224
ISSN	1463-5216
DOI	10.1111/vop.12846
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Article ; Online: Canine oral mucosa evaluation as a potential autograft tissue for the treatment of unresponsive keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Cherry, Rose L / Smith, Jodi D / Ben-Shlomo, Gil

Veterinary ophthalmology

2018 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–51

Abstract: Purpose: Labial mucosa transplantation for the treatment of canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has been reported recently. Postoperative alleviation of clinical signs was noted and assumed to be the result of labial salivary glands providing ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Labial mucosa transplantation for the treatment of canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has been reported recently. Postoperative alleviation of clinical signs was noted and assumed to be the result of labial salivary glands providing lubrication to the ocular tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of minor salivary glands (MSG) in the canine oral mucosa. Methods: Oral mucosal biopsies were collected from six dogs that died (n = 1) or were euthanized (n = 5) for reasons unrelated to this study. The breeds included were two Doberman Pinschers, one Labrador Retriever, one Portuguese Water Dog, one German Shepherd Dog, and one mixed canine. Three were spayed females, and three were castrated males with the median age of 9 years (range, 6-13 years). Samples were obtained by an 8-mm punch biopsy at the following locations of the canine oral cavity: upper rostral labial mucosa at midline, lower rostral labial mucosa at midline, upper labial mucosa near the commissure, lower labial mucosa near the commissure, and buccal mucosa approximately 1 cm caudal to the commissure. Samples were routinely processed with hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff stains. Samples were evaluated by light microscopy. Results: At the selected locations, no MSG or other secreting cells were detected. Conclusions: Minor salivary glands are not associated with alleviation of canine KCS symptoms following labial mucosa transplantation. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism leading to the transient improvement of KCS symptoms in canine patients following labial mucosa transplantation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autografts ; Dog Diseases/surgery ; Dogs ; Female ; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/surgery ; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca/veterinary ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa/transplantation ; Salivary Glands, Minor/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011043-1
ISSN	1463-5224 ; 1463-5216
ISSN (online)	1463-5224
ISSN	1463-5216
DOI	10.1111/vop.12477
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Article: Mitoapocynin Attenuates Organic Dust Exposure-Induced Neuroinflammation and Sensory-Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model.

Massey, Nyzil / Shrestha, Denusha / Bhat, Sanjana Mahadev / Padhi, Piyush / Wang, Chong / Karriker, Locke A / Smith, Jodi D / Kanthasamy, Anumantha G / Charavaryamath, Chandrashekhar

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 817046

Abstract: Increased incidences of neuro-inflammatory diseases in the mid-western United States of America (USA) have been linked to exposure to agriculture contaminants. Organic dust (OD) is a major contaminant in the animal production industry and is central to ... ...

Abstract	Increased incidences of neuro-inflammatory diseases in the mid-western United States of America (USA) have been linked to exposure to agriculture contaminants. Organic dust (OD) is a major contaminant in the animal production industry and is central to the respiratory symptoms in the exposed individuals. However, the exposure effects on the brain remain largely unknown. OD exposure is known to induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype in microglial cells. Further, blocking cytoplasmic NOX-2 using mitoapocynin (MA) partially curtail the OD exposure effects. Therefore, using a mouse model, we tested a hypothesis that inhaled OD induces neuroinflammation and sensory-motor deficits. Mice were administered with either saline, fluorescent lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), or OD extract intranasally daily for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. The saline or OD extract-exposed mice received either a vehicle or MA (3 mg/kg) orally for 3 days/week for 5 weeks. We quantified inflammatory changes in the upper respiratory tract and brain, assessed sensory-motor changes using rotarod, open-field, and olfactory test, and quantified neurochemicals in the brain. Inhaled fluorescent LPS (FL-LPS) was detected in the nasal turbinates and olfactory bulbs. OD extract exposure induced atrophy of the olfactory epithelium with reduction in the number of nerve bundles in the nasopharyngeal meatus, loss of cilia in the upper respiratory epithelium with an increase in the number of goblet cells, and increase in the thickness of the nasal epithelium. Interestingly, OD exposure increased the expression of HMGB1, 3- nitrotyrosine (NT), IBA1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the brain. Further, OD exposure decreased time to fall (rotarod), total distance traveled (open-field test), and olfactory ability (novel scent test). Oral MA partially rescued olfactory epithelial changes and gross congestion of the brain tissue. MA treatment also decreased the expression of HMGB1, 3-NT, IBA1, GFAP, and p-Tau, and significantly reversed exposure induced sensory-motor deficits. Neurochemical analysis provided an early indication of depressive behavior. Collectively, our results demonstrate that inhalation exposure to OD can cause sustained neuroinflammation and behavior deficits through lung-brain axis and that MA treatment can dampen the OD-induced inflammatory response at the level of lung and brain.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2022.817046
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Article: Sheep Are Susceptible to the Bovine Adapted Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Agent by Intracranial Inoculation and Have Evidence of Infectivity in Lymphoid Tissues.

Cassmann, Eric D / Moore, S Jo / Smith, Jodi D / Greenlee, Justin J

Frontiers in veterinary science

2019 Volume 6, Page(s) 430

Abstract: Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a food borne prion disease. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests similarities between the agents of TME and L-BSE. This experiment demonstrates the susceptibility of four different genotypes of ... ...

Abstract	Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a food borne prion disease. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests similarities between the agents of TME and L-BSE. This experiment demonstrates the susceptibility of four different genotypes of sheep to the bovine adapted TME agent by intracranial inoculation. The four genotypes of sheep used in this experiment had polymorphisms corresponding to codons 136, 154, and 171 of the prion gene: V
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2019.00430
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