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  1. Article ; Online: Mathematical method for designing superresolution lenses using superoscillations.

    Smith, Matt K / Gbur, Greg

    Optics letters

    2020  Volume 45, Issue 7, Page(s) 1854–1857

    Abstract: We use a new mathematical method to design a superresolution lens using a superoscillation technique based on polynomial roots. We walk through an example of the method using simulations. Our method allows for ease of design by being mathematically and ... ...

    Abstract We use a new mathematical method to design a superresolution lens using a superoscillation technique based on polynomial roots. We walk through an example of the method using simulations. Our method allows for ease of design by being mathematically and conceptually simpler than other methods.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4794
    ISSN (online) 1539-4794
    DOI 10.1364/OL.388252
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  2. Article ; Online: Construction of arbitrary vortex and superoscillatory fields.

    Smith, Matt K / Gbur, Gregory J

    Optics letters

    2016  Volume 41, Issue 21, Page(s) 4979–4982

    Abstract: Superoscillations, oscillations of a bandlimited signal at frequencies greater than its band limit, have been verified both theoretically and experimentally. The design of such superoscillatory waves, however, has typically relied on complicated ... ...

    Abstract Superoscillations, oscillations of a bandlimited signal at frequencies greater than its band limit, have been verified both theoretically and experimentally. The design of such superoscillatory waves, however, has typically relied on complicated mathematics. We introduce a simple Fourier method to construct superoscillations in the transverse plane of an optical field in the form of optical vortices.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4794
    ISSN (online) 1539-4794
    DOI 10.1364/OL.41.004979
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  3. Article ; Online: Association of the MedWise Risk Score with health care outcomes.

    Michaud, Veronique / Smith, Matt K / Bikmetov, Ravil / Dow, Pamela / Johnson, Joshua / Stein, Alan / Finnel, Stephanie / Jin, Huaichuan / Turgeon, Jacques

    The American journal of managed care

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 16 Suppl, Page(s) S280–S291

    Abstract: Objectives: Older patients are especially vulnerable to drug-related problems due to multiple prescription drugs, which increases their risk of drug-drug interactions and adverse drug events (ADEs). This study aimed to examine outcomes associated with ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Older patients are especially vulnerable to drug-related problems due to multiple prescription drugs, which increases their risk of drug-drug interactions and adverse drug events (ADEs). This study aimed to examine outcomes associated with the MedWise Risk Score (MRS) in a Medicare Part D population, including total medical expenditures, ADEs, falls, mortality, emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions, and length of stay (LOS).
    Study design: Retrospective observational study.
    Methods: The association between MRS and patient health outcomes was derived using drug claims data from 213,561 beneficiaries and medication risk stratification using outcomes data in 2018 with 1 year of follow-up. Analyses were conducted with the Max MRS and the Mean MRS calculated over the year. Analyses utilizing the Max MRS performed better, and results using the Max MRS are presented. Statistical analyses were performed using linear regression, logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models.
    Results: Of 203,630 patients studied (mean ± SD age, 76.0 ± 8.0 years), 4.9%, 9.8%, 24.5%, and 15.5% experienced at least 1 ADE, fall, ED visit, and hospital admission, respectively, in 2018. The MRS was associated with an 8.5% change in total medical expenditure per 1-unit increase. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of ADE was 1.058 (95% CI, 1.055-1.06)/unit MRS. ADEs, falls, and death were more likely in elevated MRS categories (eg, OR of 4.45 for ADEs [95% CI, 4.10-4.83], 5.51 for falls [95% CI, 5.17-5.87], and 4.42 for death [95% CI, 3.82-5.12], respectively forSevere MRS group). Our model predicts 7000 ED visits for every 100,000 patients per unit increase of the MRS. The ZIP models estimated ORs of 1.03 and 1.01 for hospital admissions and increase in hospital LOS, respectively, per MRS unit.
    Conclusions: This study shows that MRS was associated with health outcomes and therefore could be used to identify patients at increased risk of negative outcomes based primarily on their medication regimens.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Medicare Part D ; Risk Factors ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2035781-3
    ISSN 1936-2692 ; 1088-0224 ; 1096-1860
    ISSN (online) 1936-2692
    ISSN 1088-0224 ; 1096-1860
    DOI 10.37765/ajmc.2021.88753
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5353: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 86: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Adverse drug event risk assessment by the virtual addition of COVID-19 repurposed drugs to Medicare and commercially insured patients' drug regimens: A drug safety simulation study.

    Smith, Matt K / Bikmetov, Ravil / Al Rihani, Sweilem B / Deodhar, Malavika / Hafermann, Matthew / Dow, Pamela / Turgeon, Jacques / Michaud, Veronique

    Clinical and translational science

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 1799–1809

    Abstract: Drug safety is generally established from clinical trials, by pharmacovigilance programs and during observational phase IV safety studies according to drug intended or approved indications. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of ... ...

    Abstract Drug safety is generally established from clinical trials, by pharmacovigilance programs and during observational phase IV safety studies according to drug intended or approved indications. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of potential adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with drugs repurposed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment in a large-scale population. Drug claims were used to calculate a baseline medication risk score (MRS) indicative of ADE risk level. Fictitious claims of repurposed drugs were added, one at a time, to patients' drug regimens to calculate a new MRS and compute a level of risk. Drug claims data from enrollees with Regence health insurance were used and sub-payer analyses were performed with Medicare and commercial insured groups. Simulated interventions were conducted with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, alone or combined with azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir, along with terfenadine and fexofenadine as positive and negative controls for drug-induced Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). There were 527,471 subjects (56.6% women; mean [SD] age, 47 years [21]) were studied. The simulated addition of each repurposed drug caused an increased risk of ADEs (median MRS increased by two-to-seven points, p < 0.001). The increase in ADE risk was mainly driven by an increase in CYP450 drug interaction risk score and by drug-induced LQTS risk score. The Medicare group presented a greater risk overall compared to the commercial group. All repurposed drugs were associated with an increased risk of ADEs. Our simulation strategy could be used as a blueprint to preemptively assess safety associated with future repurposed or new drugs.
    MeSH term(s) Administrative Claims, Healthcare/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Computer Simulation ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Repositioning ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced ; Long QT Syndrome/epidemiology ; Male ; Medicare/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Pharmacovigilance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System (9035-51-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2433157-0
    ISSN 1752-8062 ; 1752-8054
    ISSN (online) 1752-8062
    ISSN 1752-8054
    DOI 10.1111/cts.13025
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  5. Article: Use of Drug Claims Data and a Medication Risk Score to Assess the Impact of CYP2D6 Drug Interactions among Opioid Users on Healthcare Costs.

    Michaud, Veronique / Bikmetov, Ravil / Smith, Matt K / Dow, Pamela / Darakjian, Lucy I / Deodhar, Malavika / Cicali, Brian / Bain, Kevin T / Turgeon, Jacques

    Journal of personalized medicine

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 11

    Abstract: Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity is highly variable due to several factors, including genetic polymorphisms and drug-drug-gene interactions. Hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, and tramadol the most commonly prescribed CYP2D6-activated opioids for pain. ...

    Abstract Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity is highly variable due to several factors, including genetic polymorphisms and drug-drug-gene interactions. Hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, and tramadol the most commonly prescribed CYP2D6-activated opioids for pain. However, the co-administration of CYP2D6 interacting drugs can modulate CYP2D6-medicated activation of these opioids, affecting drug analgesia, effectiveness, and safety, and can impact healthcare costs. A retrospective, observational cohort analysis was performed in a large (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662248-8
    ISSN 2075-4426
    ISSN 2075-4426
    DOI 10.3390/jpm11111174
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  6. Article ; Online: Quantifying Anticholinergic Burden and Sedative Load in Older Adults with Polypharmacy: A Systematic Review of Risk Scales and Models.

    Al Rihani, Sweilem B / Deodhar, Malavika / Darakjian, Lucy I / Dow, Pamela / Smith, Matt K / Bikmetov, Ravil / Turgeon, Jacques / Michaud, Veronique

    Drugs & aging

    2021  Volume 38, Issue 11, Page(s) 977–994

    Abstract: Background: Patients taking medication with high anticholinergic and sedative properties are at increased risk of experiencing poor cognitive and physical outcomes. Therefore, precise quantification of the cumulative burden of their drug regimen is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Patients taking medication with high anticholinergic and sedative properties are at increased risk of experiencing poor cognitive and physical outcomes. Therefore, precise quantification of the cumulative burden of their drug regimen is advisable. There is no agreement regarding which scale to use to simultaneously quantify the burden associated with medications.
    Objectives: The objective of this review was to assess the strengths and limitations of available tools to quantify medication-related anticholinergic burden and sedative load in older adults. We discuss specific limitations and agreements between currently available scales and models and propose a comprehensive table combining drugs categorized as high, moderate, low, or no anticholinergic or sedative activity as excerpted from the selected studies.
    Methods: A targeted search was carried out using the National Library of Medicine through PubMed using medical subject heading terms and text words around the following search terms: (anticholinergic OR sedative) AND (load OR burden OR scale) for studies published between 1 January 1945 and 5 June 2021. In addition, the following databases were searched using the same terms: MEDLINE-EBSCO, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, OAIster, OVID-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Screening by titles was followed by an abstract and full-text review. After blind evaluation, agreement between reviewers was reached to establish drug characteristics and categories.
    Results: After 3163 articles were identified, 13 were included: 11 assigned risk scores to anticholinergic drugs and two to sedative drugs. Considerable variability between anticholinergic scales was observed; scales included between 27 and 548 drugs. We generated a comprehensive table combining the anticholinergic and sedative activities of drugs evaluated and proposed a categorization of these drugs based on available scientific and clinical evidence. Our table combines information about 642 drugs and categorizes 44, 25, 99, and 474 drugs as high, moderate, low, or no anticholinergic and sedative activity, respectively.
    Conclusions: Variability and inconsistency exists among scales used to categorize drugs with anticholinergic or sedative burden. In this review, we provide a comprehensive table that proposes a new categorization of these drugs. A longitudinal study will be required to validate the new proposed anticholinergic and sedative burden catalog in an evidence-based manner.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Cholinergic Antagonists/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects ; Longitudinal Studies ; Polypharmacy ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Cholinergic Antagonists ; Hypnotics and Sedatives
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-09
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1075770-3
    ISSN 1179-1969 ; 1170-229X
    ISSN (online) 1179-1969
    ISSN 1170-229X
    DOI 10.1007/s40266-021-00895-x
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    Zs.A 3481: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article: Risk of Adverse Drug Events Following the Virtual Addition of COVID-19 Repurposed Drugs to Drug Regimens of Frail Older Adults with Polypharmacy.

    Al Rihani, Sweilem B / Smith, Matt K / Bikmetov, Ravil / Deodhar, Malavika / Dow, Pamela / Turgeon, Jacques / Michaud, Veronique

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 8

    Abstract: Determination of the risk-benefit ratio associated with the use of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) repurposed drugs in older adults with polypharmacy is mandatory. Our objective was to develop and validate a strategy to assess risk for adverse ... ...

    Abstract Determination of the risk-benefit ratio associated with the use of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) repurposed drugs in older adults with polypharmacy is mandatory. Our objective was to develop and validate a strategy to assess risk for adverse drug events (ADE) associated with COVID-19 repurposed drugs using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ), alone or in combination with azithromycin (AZ), and the combination lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). These medications were virtually added, one at a time, to drug regimens of 12,383 participants of the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly. The MedWise Risk Score (MRS
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm9082591
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  8. Article: Risk of Adverse Drug Events Following the Virtual Addition of COVID-19 Repurposed Drugs to Drug Regimens of Frail Older Adults with Polypharmacy

    Al Rihani, Sweilem B. / Smith, Matt K. / Bikmetov, Ravil / Deodhar, Malavika / Dow, Pamela / Turgeon, Jacques / Michaud, Veronique

    Journal of Clinical Medicine

    Abstract: Determination of the risk–benefit ratio associated with the use of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) repurposed drugs in older adults with polypharmacy is mandatory Our objective was to develop and validate a strategy to assess risk for adverse ... ...

    Abstract Determination of the risk–benefit ratio associated with the use of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) repurposed drugs in older adults with polypharmacy is mandatory Our objective was to develop and validate a strategy to assess risk for adverse drug events (ADE) associated with COVID-19 repurposed drugs using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ), alone or in combination with azithromycin (AZ), and the combination lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) These medications were virtually added, one at a time, to drug regimens of 12,383 participants of the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly The MedWise Risk Score (MRSTM) was determined from 198,323 drug claims Results demonstrated that the addition of each repurposed drug caused a rightward shift in the frequency distribution of MRSTM values (p <0 05);the increase was due to an increase in the drug-induced Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) or CYP450 drug interaction burden risk scores Increases in LQTS risk observed with HCQ + AZ and CQ + AZ were of the same magnitude as those estimated when terfenadine or terfenadine + AZ, used as positive controls for drug-induced LQTS, were added to drug regimens The simulation-based strategy performed offers a way to assess risk of ADE for drugs to be used in people with underlying medical comorbidities and polypharmacy at risk of COVID-19 infection without exposing them to these drugs
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #704239
    Database COVID19

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