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  1. Article ; Online: Application of a Web-based Tool for Quantitative Bias Analysis: The Example of Misclassification Due to Self-reported Body Mass Index.

    Banack, Hailey R / Smith, Samantha N / Bodnar, Lisa M

    Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)

    2024  Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 359–367

    Abstract: Background: We describe the use of Apisensr, a web-based application that can be used to implement quantitative bias analysis for misclassification, selection bias, and unmeasured confounding. We apply Apisensr using an example of exposure ... ...

    Abstract Background: We describe the use of Apisensr, a web-based application that can be used to implement quantitative bias analysis for misclassification, selection bias, and unmeasured confounding. We apply Apisensr using an example of exposure misclassification bias due to use of self-reported body mass index (BMI) to define obesity status in an analysis of the relationship between obesity and diabetes.
    Methods: We used publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis consisted of: (1) estimating bias parameter values (sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value) for self-reported obesity by sex, age, and race-ethnicity compared to obesity defined by measured BMI, and (2) using Apisensr to adjust for exposure misclassification.
    Results: The discrepancy between self-reported and measured obesity varied by demographic group (sensitivity range: 75%-89%; specificity range: 91%-99%). Using Apisensr for quantitative bias analysis, there was a clear pattern in the results: the relationship between obesity and diabetes was underestimated using self-report in all age, sex, and race-ethnicity categories compared to measured obesity. For example, in non-Hispanic White men aged 40-59 years, prevalence odds ratios for diabetes were 3.06 (95% confidence inerval = 1.78, 5.30) using self-reported BMI and 4.11 (95% confidence interval = 2.56, 6.75) after bias analysis adjusting for misclassification.
    Conclusion: Apisensr is an easy-to-use, web-based Shiny app designed to facilitate quantitative bias analysis. Our results also provide estimates of bias parameter values that can be used by other researchers interested in examining obesity defined by self-reported BMI.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Self Report ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/diagnosis ; Bias ; Body Height ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Internet
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1053263-8
    ISSN 1531-5487 ; 1044-3983
    ISSN (online) 1531-5487
    ISSN 1044-3983
    DOI 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001726
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Association between breakfast skipping and blood levels of lead and cadmium in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2013-2018.

    Collado-López, Sonia / Burns, Kaelyn F / Smith, Samantha N / Kordas, Katarzyna / Desai, Gauri

    Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)

    2024  Volume 84, Page(s) 127468

    Abstract: Introduction: Previous research suggests that fasting increases lead absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and that regularly eating meals may reduce blood lead. However, there is insufficient evidence linking breakfast status and blood-metal levels ...

    Abstract Introduction: Previous research suggests that fasting increases lead absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and that regularly eating meals may reduce blood lead. However, there is insufficient evidence linking breakfast status and blood-metal levels in children. We assessed the cross-sectional association between breakfast consumption status and children and adolescent's blood levels of lead and cadmium. We also explored blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and age group as potential effect modifiers of these associations.
    Methods: This analysis included children and adolescents aged 6-17 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2013-2018 with complete data on breakfast consumption status (consumers vs. skippers), blood metals, and covariates (N=3722). Blood metal variables were log-transformed. Crude and covariate-adjusted, survey-weighted linear regression models were conducted for each blood metal outcome. Potential effect modification was explored using stratification.
    Results: Overall fewer participants reported skipping breakfast (n=719) than eating breakfast (n=3003). Mean (SE) concentrations of blood lead and cadmium (µg/L) were 0.63 (0.01) µg/dL and 0.13 (0.00) µg/L, respectively. Children and adolescents who skipped breakfast were more likely to be female (51.2%), older (mean 12.2 years, SE = 0.1), have a higher body mass index (mean 22.8 kg/m
    Conclusion: Children 11-13 years-old who were breakfast consumers had lower blood lead levels compared to children of the same age who skipped breakfast. Our results support that encouraging breakfast consumption among school-age children may contribute to lower blood lead levels.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1236267-0
    ISSN 1878-3252 ; 1611-602X ; 0946-672X
    ISSN (online) 1878-3252 ; 1611-602X
    ISSN 0946-672X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127468
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The East Indies reptile tick Amblyomma helvolum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), taxonomy, biology and new host records, including the first record of human infestation.

    Kwak, Mackenzie L / Jones, Max D / Harman, Madison E A / Smith, Samantha N / D'souza, Anji / Knierim, Tyler / Barnes, Curt H / Waengsothorn, Surachit / Amarga, Ace Kevin S / Kuo, Chi-Chien / Nakao, Ryo

    Ticks and tick-borne diseases

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 102224

    Abstract: Amblyomma helvolum is a widespread, generalist ectoparasite of reptiles in the oriental region, and has the potential to become highly invasive should it be inadvertently introduced outside its native range through the exotic pet trade. All life stages ... ...

    Abstract Amblyomma helvolum is a widespread, generalist ectoparasite of reptiles in the oriental region, and has the potential to become highly invasive should it be inadvertently introduced outside its native range through the exotic pet trade. All life stages of A. helvolum are re-characterised morphologically and the first examples of nanism (dwarfism) and gynandromorphy (male and female tissue in one animal) for the species are described. Eighteen new hosts records are presented for A. helvolum, including the first case of human infestation. The taxonomy, distribution, ecology, phenology, disease associations, and invasion biology of the species are also discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Ticks ; Ixodidae ; Amblyomma ; Indonesia ; Reptiles ; Biology ; Tick Infestations/epidemiology ; Tick Infestations/veterinary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2541872-5
    ISSN 1877-9603 ; 1877-959X
    ISSN (online) 1877-9603
    ISSN 1877-959X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102224
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Opposing functions of the plant TOPLESS gene family during SNC1-mediated autoimmunity.

    Garner, Christopher M / Spears, Benjamin J / Su, Jianbin / Cseke, Leland J / Smith, Samantha N / Rogan, Conner J / Gassmann, Walter

    PLoS genetics

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e1009026

    Abstract: Regulation of the plant immune system is important for controlling the specificity and amplitude of responses to pathogens and in preventing growth-inhibiting autoimmunity that leads to reductions in plant fitness. In previous work, we reported that ... ...

    Abstract Regulation of the plant immune system is important for controlling the specificity and amplitude of responses to pathogens and in preventing growth-inhibiting autoimmunity that leads to reductions in plant fitness. In previous work, we reported that SRFR1, a negative regulator of effector-triggered immunity, interacts with SNC1 and EDS1. When SRFR1 is non-functional in the Arabidopsis accession Col-0, SNC1 levels increase, causing a cascade of events that lead to autoimmunity phenotypes. Previous work showed that some members of the transcriptional co-repressor family TOPLESS interact with SNC1 to repress negative regulators of immunity. Therefore, to explore potential connections between SRFR1 and TOPLESS family members, we took a genetic approach that examined the effect of each TOPLESS member in the srfr1 mutant background. The data indicated that an additive genetic interaction exists between SRFR1 and two members of the TOPLESS family, TPR2 and TPR3, as demonstrated by increased stunting and elevated PR2 expression in srfr1 tpr2 and srfr1 tpr2 tpr3 mutants. Furthermore, the tpr2 mutation intensifies autoimmunity in the auto-active snc1-1 mutant, indicating a novel role of these TOPLESS family members in negatively regulating SNC1-dependent phenotypes. This negative regulation can also be reversed by overexpressing TPR2 in the srfr1 tpr2 background. Similar to TPR1 that positively regulates snc1-1 phenotypes by interacting with SNC1, we show here that TPR2 directly binds the N-terminal domain of SNC1. In addition, TPR2 interacts with TPR1 in vivo, suggesting that the opposite functions of TPR2 and TPR1 are based on titration of SNC1-TPR1 complexes by TPR2 or altered functions of a SNC1-TPR1-TPR2 complex. Thus, this work uncovers diverse functions of individual members of the TOPLESS family in Arabidopsis and provides evidence for the additive effect of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of SNC1.
    MeSH term(s) Arabidopsis/genetics ; Arabidopsis/immunology ; Arabidopsis/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; Autoimmunity/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/immunology ; Molecular Chaperones/genetics ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Immunity/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Up-Regulation
    Chemical Substances AT1G04130 protein, Arabidopsis ; Arabidopsis Proteins ; Molecular Chaperones ; SNC1 protein, Arabidopsis ; SRFR1 protein, Arabidopsis ; topless protein, Arabidopsis ; topless-related 1 protein, Arabidopsis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2186725-2
    ISSN 1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
    ISSN (online) 1553-7404
    ISSN 1553-7390
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Autism genes converge on asynchronous development of shared neuron classes.

    Paulsen, Bruna / Velasco, Silvia / Kedaigle, Amanda J / Pigoni, Martina / Quadrato, Giorgia / Deo, Anthony J / Adiconis, Xian / Uzquiano, Ana / Sartore, Rafaela / Yang, Sung Min / Simmons, Sean K / Symvoulidis, Panagiotis / Kim, Kwanho / Tsafou, Kalliopi / Podury, Archana / Abbate, Catherine / Tucewicz, Ashley / Smith, Samantha N / Albanese, Alexandre /
    Barrett, Lindy / Sanjana, Neville E / Shi, Xi / Chung, Kwanghun / Lage, Kasper / Boyden, Edward S / Regev, Aviv / Levin, Joshua Z / Arlotta, Paola

    Nature

    2022  Volume 602, Issue 7896, Page(s) 268–273

    Abstract: Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with hundreds of genes spanning a wide range of biological ... ...

    Abstract Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with hundreds of genes spanning a wide range of biological functions
    MeSH term(s) Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; GABAergic Neurons/metabolism ; GABAergic Neurons/pathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Humans ; Neurons/classification ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/pathology ; Organoids/cytology ; Proteomics ; RNA-Seq ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Chemical Substances ARID1B protein, human ; CHD8 protein, human ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.43) ; KMT5C protein, human (EC 2.1.1.43)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-021-04358-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Dipyrrolidinomethylaminophosphoric acid triamide (DPMPA) as an activator for the samarium diiodide-mediated reduction of alkyl and aryl halides

    McDonald, Chriss E / Ramsey, Jeremy R / Sampsell, David G / Anderson, Laura A / Krebs, Jordan E / Smith, Samantha N

    Tetrahedron. 2013 Apr. 8, v. 69, no. 14

    2013  

    Abstract: The use of the conjugate base of dipyrrolidinomethylaminophosphoric triamide (DPMPA⁻) as an activator of samarium diiodide is reported. This phosphoramidate has been shown to be a very potent ligand, allowing for the efficient, low-temperature reduction ... ...

    Abstract The use of the conjugate base of dipyrrolidinomethylaminophosphoric triamide (DPMPA⁻) as an activator of samarium diiodide is reported. This phosphoramidate has been shown to be a very potent ligand, allowing for the efficient, low-temperature reduction of alkyl and aryl chlorides. Reductive cyclizations of haloalkenylnaphthalenes are also reported.
    Keywords chemical reactions ; chemical structure ; chlorides ; organic compounds ; samarium
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0408
    Size p. 2947-2953.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 204285-x
    ISSN 1464-5416 ; 0040-4020 ; 0563-2064
    ISSN (online) 1464-5416
    ISSN 0040-4020 ; 0563-2064
    DOI 10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.025
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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