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  1. Article ; Online: An acidic polysaccharide (AGC3) isolated from North American ginseng (

    Ghosh, Rajarshi / Bryant, Daniel L / Arivett, Brock A / Smith, Shannon A / Altman, Elliot / Kline, Paul C / Farone, Anthony L

    Current Research in Food Science (Online)

    2020  Volume 3, Page(s) 207–216

    Abstract: Polysaccharides isolated ... ...

    Abstract Polysaccharides isolated from
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2665-9271
    ISSN (online) 2665-9271
    DOI 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.07.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: An acidic polysaccharide (AGC3) isolated from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) suspension culture as a potential immunomodulatory nutraceutical

    Ghosh, Rajarshi / Bryant, Daniel L / Arivett, Brock A / Smith, Shannon A / Altman, Elliot / Kline, Paul C / Farone, Anthony L

    Current research in food science. 2020 Nov., v. 3

    2020  

    Abstract: Polysaccharides isolated from Panax quinquefolius roots are widely used as nutraceuticals due to their immunomodulatory properties. Despite their popularity, several challenges exist in isolating ginseng root polysaccharides such as batch-to-batch ... ...

    Abstract Polysaccharides isolated from Panax quinquefolius roots are widely used as nutraceuticals due to their immunomodulatory properties. Despite their popularity, several challenges exist in isolating ginseng root polysaccharides such as batch-to-batch structural inconsistencies and bacterial endotoxin contamination. A plant tissue culture-based platform offers a potential solution to isolate natural polysaccharide fractions with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. In this study, an acidic polysaccharide fraction (AGC3) with immunomodulatory properties was isolated from Panax quinquefolius suspension cultures. The heterogeneous fraction (molecular weight: 4.81 and 32.14 kDa), purified by anion exchange chromatography, was predominantly composed of galactose (>60%) along with the presence of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. The major glycosidic linkages were found to be t-Galp (47.7%), 4-Galp (15.6%), 2,4-Rhap (8.1%), 6-Galp (8.1%) and 4-GalAp (6.8%). Structural analyses indicated the presence of a pectic rhamnogalacturonan I polysaccharide in AGC3. AGC3 significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and primary murine splenocytes by enhancing the production of several immunomodulatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF and MCP-1. The results also indicated the putative roles of NF-κB (p65/RelA) and MAPK (p38) signaling pathways in the immunostimulatory response. Additionally, AGC3 induced murine splenocyte proliferation, another major indicator of immunostimulation. Overall, AGC3 has the potential to be used as an immunostimulatory nutraceutical.
    Keywords Panax quinquefolius ; anion exchange chromatography ; arabinose ; dietary supplements ; endotoxins ; food science ; galactose ; galacturonic acid ; glucose ; glucuronic acid ; immunostimulants ; interleukin-6 ; macrophages ; mice ; molecular weight ; plant tissues ; polysaccharides ; research ; rhamnose ; splenocytes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-11
    Size p. 207-216.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 2665-9271
    DOI 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.07.002
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Evolutionary analysis of the mammalian M1 aminopeptidases reveals conserved exon structure and gene death.

    Maynard, Karen Beasley / Smith, Shannon A / Davis, Anthony C / Trivette, Andrew / Seipelt-Thiemann, Rebecca L

    Gene

    2014  Volume 552, Issue 1, Page(s) 126–132

    Abstract: The members of the M1 aminopeptidase family share conserved domains, yet show functional divergence within the family as a whole. In order to better understand this family, this study analyzed the mammalian members in depth at exon, gene, and protein ... ...

    Abstract The members of the M1 aminopeptidase family share conserved domains, yet show functional divergence within the family as a whole. In order to better understand this family, this study analyzed the mammalian members in depth at exon, gene, and protein levels. The twelve human members, eleven rat members, and eleven mouse members were first analyzed in multiple alignments to visualize both reported and unreported conserved domains. Phylogenetic trees were then generated for humans, rats, mice, and all mammals to determine how closely related the homologs were and to gain insight to the divergence in the family members. This produced three groups with similarity within the family. Next, a synteny study was completed to determine the present locations of the genes and changes that had occurred. It became apparent that gene death likely resulted in the lack of one member in mouse and rat. Finally, an in-depth analysis of the exon structure revealed that nine members of the human family and eight in mouse, are highly conserved within the exon structure. Taken together, these results indicate that the M1 aminopeptidase family is a divergent family with three subgroups and that genetic evidence mirrors categorization of the family by enzymatic function.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminopeptidases/genetics ; Animals ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons/genetics ; Humans ; Mammals/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Chemical Substances Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 391792-7
    ISSN 1879-0038 ; 0378-1119
    ISSN (online) 1879-0038
    ISSN 0378-1119
    DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1357: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  4. Article ; Online: Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1.

    Ghosh, Rajarshi / Smith, Shannon A / Nwangwa, Evidence E / Arivett, Brock A / Bryant, Daniel L / Fuller, Matthew L / Hayes, Devyn / Bowling, J Logan / Nelson, David E / DuBois, John D / Altman, Elliot / Kline, Paul C / Farone, Anthony L

    International journal of biological macromolecules

    2019  Volume 139, Page(s) 221–232

    Abstract: In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), a widely used medicinal herb. A neutral fraction, AGC1, purified by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, displayed immunostimulatory activity in vitro and ex vivo. AGC1 (average molecular weight: 5.2kDa) was predominantly composed of galactose (>60%) along with the presence of several other neutral sugars such as arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in minor amounts. The major glycosidic linkages were found to be 3-Galp (48.5%), 3,6-Galp (10.2%), t-Galp (5.2%), 6-Galp (4.4%), 4-Glcp (5.7%), 4-Arap/5-Araf (4.0%) and t-Araf (4.5%). AGC1 significantly (p<0.05) stimulated the expression of a range of proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and GM-CSF. Additionally, AGC1 treatment of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated NOS2 gene expression, leading to increased levels of iNOS and downstream NO. Consistent with this, AGC1 was able to act as an immunostimulant in primary murine splenocytes, enhancing cell proliferation, as well as NO and TNF-α production. Our results also indicate the partial role of NF-κB pathway in the immunostimulatory response.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Immunologic Factors/chemistry ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacology ; Immunomodulation/drug effects ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Panax/chemistry ; Panax/cytology ; Panax/metabolism ; Phytochemicals/chemistry ; Phytochemicals/isolation & purification ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; RAW 264.7 Cells
    Chemical Substances Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cytokines ; Immunologic Factors ; Phytochemicals ; Plant Extracts ; Polysaccharides ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282732-3
    ISSN 1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
    ISSN (online) 1879-0003
    ISSN 0141-8130
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.215
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2374: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Order via subito

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  5. Article: Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1

    Ghosh, Rajarshi / Smith, Shannon A / Nwangwa, Evidence E / Arivett, Brock A / Bryant, Daniel L / Fuller, Matthew L / Hayes, Devyn / Bowling, J. Logan / Nelson, David E / DuBois, John D / Altman, Elliot / Kline, Paul C / Farone, Anthony L

    International journal of biological macromolecules. 2019 Oct. 15, v. 139

    2019  

    Abstract: In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), a widely used medicinal herb. A neutral fraction, AGC1, purified by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, displayed immunostimulatory activity in vitro and ex vivo. AGC1 (average molecular weight: 5.2kDa) was predominantly composed of galactose (>60%) along with the presence of several other neutral sugars such as arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in minor amounts. The major glycosidic linkages were found to be 3-Galp (48.5%), 3,6-Galp (10.2%), t-Galp (5.2%), 6-Galp (4.4%), 4-Glcp (5.7%), 4-Arap/5-Araf (4.0%) and t-Araf (4.5%). AGC1 significantly (p<0.05) stimulated the expression of a range of proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and GM-CSF. Additionally, AGC1 treatment of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated NOS2 gene expression, leading to increased levels of iNOS and downstream NO. Consistent with this, AGC1 was able to act as an immunostimulant in primary murine splenocytes, enhancing cell proliferation, as well as NO and TNF-α production. Our results also indicate the partial role of NF-κB pathway in the immunostimulatory response.
    Keywords Panax quinquefolius ; anion exchange ; arabinose ; cell proliferation ; cell suspension culture ; endotoxins ; galactose ; gel chromatography ; gene expression ; glucose ; glycosidic linkages ; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ; immunostimulants ; inducible nitric oxide synthase ; interleukin-6 ; macrophages ; mannose ; medicinal plants ; mice ; molecular weight ; nitric oxide ; plant tissues ; polysaccharides ; rhamnose ; splenocytes ; transcription factor NF-kappa B ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; xylose
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1015
    Size p. 221-232.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 282732-3
    ISSN 1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
    ISSN (online) 1879-0003
    ISSN 0141-8130
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.215
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 2374: Show issues Location:
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  6. Book ; Online: (Table 1) Late Pleistocene planktonic foraminifera of Hole 302-M0004C, supplementary data to: Eynaud, Frédérique; Cronin, Thomas M; Smith, Shannon A; Zaragosi, Sebastien; Mavel, J; Mary, Y; Mas, Virginie; Pujol, Claude (2009): Morphological variability of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from ACEX cores: implications for late Pleistocene circulation in the Arctic Ocean. Micropaleontology, 55(2-3), 101-116

    Eynaud, Frédérique / Cronin, Thomas M / Mary, Y / Mas, Virginie / Mavel, J / Pujol, Claude / Smith, Shannon A / Zaragosi, Sebastien

    2009  

    Abstract: Planktonic foraminifera populations were studied throughout the top 25 meters of the IODP ACEX 302 Hole 4C from the central Arctic Ocean at a resolution varying from 5cm (at the top of the record) to 10cm. Planktonic foraminifera occur in high absolute ... ...

    Abstract Planktonic foraminifera populations were studied throughout the top 25 meters of the IODP ACEX 302 Hole 4C from the central Arctic Ocean at a resolution varying from 5cm (at the top of the record) to 10cm. Planktonic foraminifera occur in high absolute abundances only in the uppermost fifty centimetres and are dominated by the taxa Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Except for a few intermittent layers below this level,most samples are barren of calcareous microfossils.Within the topmost sediments, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma specimens present large morphological variability in the shape and number of chambers in the finalwhorl, chamber sphericity, size, and coiling direction. Five morphotypeswere identified among the sinistral (sin.) population (Nps-1 to Nps-5), including a small form (Nps-5) that is similar to a non-encrusted normal form also previously identified in the modern Arctic Ocean watermasses. Twenty five percent of the sinistral population is made up by large specimens (Nps-2, 3, 4), with a maximal mean diameter larger than 250æm. Following observations made in peri-Arctic seas (Hillaire-Marcel et al. 2004, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.08.006), we propose that occurrence of these large-sized specimens of N. pachyderma (sin.) in the central Arctic Ocean sediments could sign North Atlantic water sub-surface penetration.
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2009-9999
    Size Online-Ressource
    Publisher PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
    Publishing place Bremen/Bremerhaven
    Document type Book ; Online
    DOI 10.1594/PANGAEA.672078
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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