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  1. Article: Parenting and Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties in a General Population Sample of Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Emotional Dysregulation.

    Smorti, Martina / Milone, Annarita / Fanciullacci, Luisa / Ciaravolo, Alessia / Berrocal, Carmen

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: Research has shown that both parenting and emotional dysregulation are associated with mental health outcomes in youth. This cross-sectional research was developed to replicate these noted findings and explore the mediating role of emotional ... ...

    Abstract Research has shown that both parenting and emotional dysregulation are associated with mental health outcomes in youth. This cross-sectional research was developed to replicate these noted findings and explore the mediating role of emotional dysregulation to explain the relationship between parenting and emotional and behavioral difficulties (internalizing and externalizing problems) in adolescents. A total of 104 adolescents (61.5% females; M = 15.62 yrs., SD = 1.38) participated in the study. Participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (measuring care, promotion of autonomy, and overprotection) referring to both the mother and father, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Youth Self-Report. The results showed that difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between overprotection (in both parents) and low maternal care with internalizing problems, on the one hand, and the relationship between maternal overprotection and low care (in both parents) with externalizing problems, on the other hand. Furthermore, emotional dysregulation partially mediated the effect of paternal care on internalizing problems. These findings help to clarify one of the mechanisms through which parenting can affect mental health in youth. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children11040435
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Caregiver's psychological well-being and quality of relationship with cardiac amyloidosis patients.

    Ponti, Lucia / Cappelli, Francesco / Perfetto, Federico / Maver, Perla / Smorti, Martina

    Psychology, health & medicine

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 66–78

    Abstract: Caregivers' psychological well-being is linked to the quality of care provided for familiar with chronic illness. Despite caregivers of cardiac patients present an impaired psychological well-being, less investigated is the psychological well-being of ... ...

    Abstract Caregivers' psychological well-being is linked to the quality of care provided for familiar with chronic illness. Despite caregivers of cardiac patients present an impaired psychological well-being, less investigated is the psychological well-being of caregivers of individuals with a rare disease such as the Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). Specifically, given that no study explored the well-being of the caregiver and the caregiver-patient relationship, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in ATTR-CA caregivers and if these disorders were associated with patient's and caregiver's characteristics. Fifty-eight dyad caregiver-ATTR-CA patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Network of Relationships Inventory. Moreover, ATTR-CA patients completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, while caregivers completed the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support. Results showed that anxious caregivers (44%) reported higher conflict with patients. They had ATTR-CA relatives with a worse perception of cardiac symptoms and higher anxiety and depression. Depressed caregivers (39%) reported higher conflict with ATTR-CA relatives and lower perceived social support. Caregiver reported a high prevalence of anxiety and depression associated with worse personal relational well-being and to patient's psycho-physical condition. The care of ATTR-CA patient should consider the caregiver well-being.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Caregivers/psychology ; Psychological Well-Being ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Amyloidosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1477841-5
    ISSN 1465-3966 ; 1354-8506
    ISSN (online) 1465-3966
    ISSN 1354-8506
    DOI 10.1080/13548506.2023.2280463
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  3. Article ; Online: Prenatal Mental Representations in Italian First-Time Mothers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study with Interviews on Maternal Representations During Pregnancy.

    Smorti, Martina / Mauri, Giulia / Carducci, Alessia / Andreol, Angelica / Bonassi, Lucia

    Maternal and child health journal

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 711–718

    Abstract: Introduction: Psychosocial risks increase the levels of not-integrated/ambivalent and restricted/disengaged representations during pregnancy, but no study has specifically analysed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal representation styles.!## ...

    Abstract Introduction: Psychosocial risks increase the levels of not-integrated/ambivalent and restricted/disengaged representations during pregnancy, but no study has specifically analysed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal representation styles.
    Objectives: (1) to compare maternal representation styles in primiparous women who became pregnant before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to analyse the content of representation styles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Methods: A total of 37 Italian pregnant women were recruited from 2019 to 2021. The sample was divided into two groups: the pre-COVID-19 group (22 women, mean age = 33.14 years; SD = 3.78) and the COVID-19 group (15 women, mean age = 35.9 years; SD = 4.6). Interviews on maternal representations during pregnancy were administered and analysed for style and content.
    Results: Women during the COVID-19 pandemic reported more restricted/disengaged and less integrated/balanced representation styles than women pre-COVID-19. Content analysis showed that the COVID-19 pandemic led women to focus more on concrete aspects of pregnancy in lieu of emotional aspects, thus leading them to develop more restricted/disengaged representation styles.
    Conclusions for practice: In future pandemics pregnant women should be supported in focusing their attention to emotions, sensations and fantasies about themselves as mothers and their children.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Mothers/psychology ; Pregnant Women/psychology ; Emotions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1339905-6
    ISSN 1573-6628 ; 1092-7875
    ISSN (online) 1573-6628
    ISSN 1092-7875
    DOI 10.1007/s10995-022-03573-5
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  4. Article: Parenting and Sibling Relationships in Family with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Are Non-Clinical Siblings More Vulnerable for Emotional and Behavioral Problems?

    Smorti, Martina / Inguaggiato, Emanuela / Vezzosi, Lara / Milone, Annarita

    Brain sciences

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 10

    Abstract: Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) are the most common mental health disorders in the school-aged child population. Although harsh parenting is a key risk factor in the shaping of DBD, studies neglect the presence of siblings and differential parenting. ...

    Abstract Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) are the most common mental health disorders in the school-aged child population. Although harsh parenting is a key risk factor in the shaping of DBD, studies neglect the presence of siblings and differential parenting. This study aims to compare: (1) parenting style and sibling relationship in sibling dyads of clinical families, composed of a DBD child and a non-clinical sibling, with control families composed of two non-clinical siblings; (2) parenting style, sibling relationship, and emotional and behavioral problems in DBD child, non-clinical sibling, and non-clinical child of control group. Sixty-one families (composed of mother and sibling dyads), divided into clinical (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci11101308
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  5. Article ; Online: Mediating Role of Labor on the Relationship Between Prenatal Psychopathologic Symptoms and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression in Women Who Give Birth Vaginally.

    Ponti, Lucia / Smorti, Martina

    Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN

    2019  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 627–634

    Abstract: Objective: To investigate how prenatal symptoms of anxiety and depression and clinical aspects of labor (duration of labor, administration of oxytocin and epidural analgesia) interact with each other to contribute to symptoms of postpartum depression in ...

    Abstract Objective: To investigate how prenatal symptoms of anxiety and depression and clinical aspects of labor (duration of labor, administration of oxytocin and epidural analgesia) interact with each other to contribute to symptoms of postpartum depression in women who give birth vaginally.
    Design: A longitudinal design with measurement at three different time points: Time 1, 31 to 32 weeks gestation; Time 2, the day of labor and birth; and Time 3, 1 month after birth.
    Setting: Maternity ward of the Misericordia e Dolce Hospital in Prato, Italy.
    Participants: A total of 186 women at 31 to 32 weeks gestation were recruited during childbirth preparation courses at the maternity ward.
    Methods: At Time 1, women completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the State portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. At Time 2, midwives recorded clinical data related to labor, including duration of labor and administration of oxytocin and epidural analgesia. At Time 3, the women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed.
    Results: Symptoms of depression (β = 0.36; p < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.17, 0.49]) and state anxiety (β = 0.25; p < .001; 95% CI = [0.04, 0.27]) during pregnancy positively affected symptoms of depression after birth. Greater levels of these prenatal symptoms predicted a more complicated labor (depression: β = 0.29; p < .01; 95% CI [0.00, 0.19]; anxiety: β = 0.30; p < .01; 95% CI [0.01, 0.14]), which, in turn, positively predicted greater levels of symptoms of depression at 1 month after birth (β = 0.34; p < .001; 95% CI [0.38, 1.51]). Moreover, results highlighted indirect effects that high levels of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy have on postpartum symptoms of depression through the clinical aspects of labor (β = 0.10; p < .01; 95% CI [0.00, 0.13]). These indirect effects were not significant for antenatal symptoms of depression (β = 0.10; p < .05; 95% CI [-0.02, 0.20]).
    Conclusion: Our findings confirm that symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy represent significant risk factors for the clinical aspects of labor and for the development of symptoms of postpartum depression in the first month after childbirth.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Delivery, Obstetric/psychology ; Depression/psychology ; Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis ; Depression, Postpartum/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric/psychology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care/methods ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193135-0
    ISSN 1552-6909 ; 0884-2175 ; 0090-0311
    ISSN (online) 1552-6909
    ISSN 0884-2175 ; 0090-0311
    DOI 10.1016/j.jogn.2019.09.003
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  6. Article ; Online: Do prenatal depressive symptoms developed by hospitalized women with high-risk pregnancy persist to post-partum?

    Smorti, Martina / Ponti, Lucia / Ghinassi, Simon / Mauri, Giulia / Pancetti, Federica / Mannella, Paolo

    Psychiatry research

    2023  Volume 325, Page(s) 115224

    Abstract: This study aims to explore the level of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and after childbirth comparing women hospitalized due to high-risk pregnancy (clinical group) and women with low-risk pregnancy (control group). Seventy pregnant women (26 ... ...

    Abstract This study aims to explore the level of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and after childbirth comparing women hospitalized due to high-risk pregnancy (clinical group) and women with low-risk pregnancy (control group). Seventy pregnant women (26 clinical group and 44 control group) filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale both during pregnancy and three months after childbirth. Results showed that the clinical group reported significant higher levels of prenatal depression than the control group, while no differences were found on postnatal depression. Data highlighted that hospitalization could represents a significant stressor that can exacerbate depression in women with high-risk pregnancy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression, Postpartum ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Pregnancy, High-Risk/psychology ; Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Complications/psychology ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnant Women/psychology ; Parturition ; Longitudinal Studies ; Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 445361-x
    ISSN 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    ISSN (online) 1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
    ISSN 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
    DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115224
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  7. Article ; Online: The relationship between romantic and prenatal maternal attachment: The moderating role of social support.

    Ponti, Lucia / Smorti, Martina / Ghinassi, Simon / Tani, Franca

    International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie

    2020  Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–150

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between three types of maternal attachment bonds: anxious romantic, avoidant romantic and prenatal. The moderating role of perceived social support is also analysed. Ninety-one pregnant women in or ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between three types of maternal attachment bonds: anxious romantic, avoidant romantic and prenatal. The moderating role of perceived social support is also analysed. Ninety-one pregnant women in or near their thirtieth week of gestation (M = 29.59; SD = 4.57) were recruited, all of whom completed a series of questionnaires to assess the quality of their romantic and prenatal attachment bonds and their levels of perceived social support. The results reveal that both anxious and avoidant romantic attachments were significantly associated with low levels of maternal prenatal attachment. Moreover, the level of social support perceived during pregnancy moderated the relationship between anxious and prenatal attachments but had no effect on avoidant romantic and prenatal attachments. Our discussion of these findings considers the emotional and behavioural characteristics of various forms of insecure romantic attachments. Overall, the data highlight the relevance of the quality of intimate close relationships on maternity experiences and women's caregiving abilities.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/psychology ; Object Attachment ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care/psychology ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1480995-3
    ISSN 1464-066X ; 0020-7594
    ISSN (online) 1464-066X
    ISSN 0020-7594
    DOI 10.1002/ijop.12676
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  8. Article ; Online: The mother-child attachment bond before and after birth: The role of maternal perception of traumatic childbirth.

    Smorti, Martina / Ponti, Lucia / Ghinassi, Simon / Rapisardi, Gherardo

    Early human development

    2020  Volume 142, Page(s) 104956

    Abstract: The quality of the mother-child attachment bond is a relevant factor for the psychosocial well-being of a child. However, some variables could affect this relationship, such as a perceived traumatic childbirth experience. The aim of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract The quality of the mother-child attachment bond is a relevant factor for the psychosocial well-being of a child. However, some variables could affect this relationship, such as a perceived traumatic childbirth experience. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of the childbirth experience on the relationship between prenatal and postnatal attachment. A predictive study was conducted on 105 pregnant women aged 26 to 44 years. The data was collected at two different times: at week 31-32 of gestation (T1) and three months after childbirth (T2). The quality of maternal prenatal attachment has a significant and direct effect on postnatal mother-child attachment. Moreover, the quality of prenatal attachment represents a protective factor for the quality of childbirth experience, promoting a higher quality of postnatal attachment bond. Our results highlight the importance of supporting women throughout the perinatal period, starting from pregnancy to after childbirth.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Relations/psychology ; Parturition/psychology ; Perception ; Pregnancy ; Stress, Psychological/etiology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-24
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752532-1
    ISSN 1872-6232 ; 0378-3782
    ISSN (online) 1872-6232
    ISSN 0378-3782
    DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.104956
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  9. Article ; Online: The impact of Covid-19 restrictions on depressive symptoms in low-risk and high-risk pregnant women: a cross-sectional study before and during pandemic.

    Smorti, Martina / Gemignani, Angelo / Bonassi, Lucia / Mauri, Giulia / Carducci, Alessia / Ionio, Chiara

    BMC pregnancy and childbirth

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 191

    Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 social restrictions have increased the risk for depression compared to the previous period in Italian women with Low-Risk Pregnancy (LRP). lLess is known about the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on High-Risk Pregnancy (HRP). ... ...

    Abstract Background: The COVID-19 social restrictions have increased the risk for depression compared to the previous period in Italian women with Low-Risk Pregnancy (LRP). lLess is known about the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on High-Risk Pregnancy (HRP). This study aimed: 1) to explore levels of depression in women who become pregnant before and during COVID-19 pandemic, distinguishing between LRP and HRP; 2) to analyze the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on pregnancy experience in LRP and HRP.
    Methods: A before-during COVID-19 pandemic cross-sectional study was carried out on 155 pregnant women (Mean age = 34.18), between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. 77 women were recruited before COVID-19 pandemic (51.9% LRP; 48.1% HRP) and 78 women were recruited during COVID-19 pandemic (51.3% LRP; 48.7% HRP). HRP group was enrolled during hospitalization for high-risk pregnancy. Participants filled out Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Moreover, only COVID-19 group answered an open-ended question about the impact of restriction on pregnancy experience.
    Results: HRP women reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than LRP. No difference emerged for COVID (before/during) but an interaction effect between COVID-19 and obstetric condition was found. The qualitative results showed the impact of restrictions on emotions and concerns.
    Conclusion: Respect to the previous period, LRP women during COVID-19 presented an increased risk for depressive symptoms than HRP. The HRP women during COVID-19 seemed to use hospitalization as a resource to find a social support network with other pregnant women and to be reassured on the clinical ongoing of pregnancy.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/psychology ; Emotions ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Italy ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy/psychology ; Pregnancy, High-Risk/psychology ; Pregnant Women/psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Quality of Health Care ; Quarantine/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2059869-5
    ISSN 1471-2393 ; 1471-2393
    ISSN (online) 1471-2393
    ISSN 1471-2393
    DOI 10.1186/s12884-022-04515-3
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  10. Article: The Italian language postpartum specific anxiety scale [PSAS-IT]: translation, psychometric evaluation, and validation.

    Ionio, Chiara / Ciuffo, Giulia / Landoni, Marta / Smorti, Martina / Della Vedova, Anna Maria / Christiansen, Paul / Fallon, Victoria / Silverio, Sergio A / Bramante, Alessandra

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1208613

    Abstract: Introduction: While often positive, the lifecourse transition to motherhood is susceptible to the risk for developing mood disorders. Postpartum anxiety has often been overshadowed by other perinatal-specific mental health disorders, such as postpartum ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: While often positive, the lifecourse transition to motherhood is susceptible to the risk for developing mood disorders. Postpartum anxiety has often been overshadowed by other perinatal-specific mental health disorders, such as postpartum depression, and therefore has not been at the forefront or center of as much empirical study. This has meant there is a lack of effective and reliable tools with which to measure it, despite growing evidence suggesting its detrimental impact on mothers, their babies, wider family and social contacts, and on healthcare systems. This current study aimed to translate and validate the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale [PSAS] into the Italian language, and to validate the tool for its use in detecting anxiety specific to motherhood.
    Methods: The study (
    Results: The PSAS-IT demonstrates similar psychometric properties as the original English-language PSAS, with acceptable acceptability, construct and convergent validity, and internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis for multiple groups (Italy and United Kingdom) showed that the factor structure of the PSAS was valid for both groups [
    Discussion: The resulting findings offer a reliable measure of postpartum anxiety in Italian language up to six months after birth.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1208613
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