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Article ; Online: What is the optimal timing to initiate strategic control of Rhipicephalus microplus in taurine cattle in a tropical region?

Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / Pereira Neto, Octaviano / Soares, Vando Edésio / de Almeida Borges, Fernando / Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Experimental & applied acarology

2024 Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 217–232

Abstract: Cattle tick control poses a significant challenge for livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable timing to initiate a strategic tick control program and to identify the ideal number of ... ...

Abstract	Cattle tick control poses a significant challenge for livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable timing to initiate a strategic tick control program and to identify the ideal number of acaricide treatments for adult taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in a tropical region throughout the year. Three groups with 10 bovines each were performed: T01 (strategic treatment in late autumn/winter/late spring, every 28 days), T02 (strategic treatment to act in the "first tick generation" - early spring/summer/early autumn, every 28 days) and T03 (control). Tick counts (females 4-8 mm) were conducted every 14 days. If the tick burden in any group reached 30 or more during these counts, we applied an additional treatment. Over the course of a year, T02 required significantly fewer (p < 0.05) acaricide treatments than T01, with nine treatments for T02 and eleven for T01. Furthermore, during the tick counts, animals in T02 showed a lower tick burden compared to those in T01. Initiating the strategic tick control program in early spring, corresponding to the first tick generation, proved more effective than starting in autumn. This approach not only required fewer acaricide treatments but also resulted in a reduced tick burden. These benefits are particularly valuable in terms of animal welfare and managing acaricide resistance issues.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Acaricides ; Rhipicephalus ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control ; Tick Control/methods
Chemical Substances	Acaricides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	11320-7
ISSN	1572-9702 ; 0168-8162
ISSN (online)	1572-9702
ISSN	0168-8162
DOI	10.1007/s10493-023-00877-1
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Article ; Online: Two protocols using fluralaner for Rhipicephalus microplus strategic control on taurine cattle in a tropical region.

de Aquino, Lidia Mendes / Zapa, Dina Maria Beltran / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddhartha / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Barufi, Francisco / de Amaral, Heitor Oliveira Arriero / de Borges, Fernando de Almeida / Gallina, Tiago / de Mendonça, Rafael Paranhos / Soares, Vando Edésio / Monteiro, Caio Marcio Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Parasites & vectors

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

Abstract: Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies using a new commercial formulation containing pour-on fluralaner on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle and in pastures in a tropical climate region ... ...

Abstract	Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies using a new commercial formulation containing pour-on fluralaner on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle and in pastures in a tropical climate region where up to five generations of this tick species can occur per year. Methods: Forty-five naturally infested cattle were divided into three experimental groups: T01, treated with fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) pour-on every 42 days; T02, the cattle received the first treatment with fluralaner on Day 0 but the next treatment involved a weekly visual evaluation; T03, control, received palliative treatment with a spray formulation when the group mean was ≥ 30 ticks. Counts of female R. microplus were performed weekly until day 343, and larval counts on pasture were performed on Days 0, 30, and 60 and every 30 days until Day 330. Results: Using fluralaner, six applications were performed in Group T01, and four were performed in Group T02. In the control group (T03), it was necessary to perform eight palliative acaricide treatments with the spray formulation. The animals in T01 and T02 showed lower mean tick counts (p ≤ 0.05) than the control group (T03) on 28 and 27 of the 49 evaluated dates, respectively. In the paddock where the animals were kept as controls, the R. microplus larvae counts increased to 1458. In the paddocks where the animals were treated with fluralaner, the number was ≤ 19 per paddock during the study. Conclusions: The different strategic treatment protocols performed with pour-on fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) over a year in taurine cattle in a tropical region with a history of up to five annual generations of cattle ticks were effective, maintaining levels of R. microplus infestations in animals and in pastures close to zero in most of the study. Depending on the retreatment criterion adopted, the number of applications per year may be lower, resulting in a reduction in the mean cost of acaricide treatment per year and lower exposure of R. microplus populations to the active ingredient, resulting in lower resistance and selection pressure.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Cattle ; Rhipicephalus ; Acaricides ; Isoxazoles/therapeutic use ; Larva
Chemical Substances	A1443 compound ; Acaricides ; Isoxazoles
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-023-06107-2
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Article ; Online: Larva migrans in Votuporanga, São Paulo, Brazil: Where does the danger hide?

Silva, Giane Serafim da / Ferreira, Frederico Cardoso / Romera, Daiane Mompean / Soares, Vando Edésio / Bonuti, Marcos Roberto

Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria

2020 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) e004920

Abstract: Soil samples collected near municipal schools (public/EMEI and private/EPEI schools), clubs (CLB), public squares (PS) and residential condominiums (CND) and samples of animal faeces from the Zoonosis Control Centre (CCZ) of the municipality of ... ...

Abstract	Soil samples collected near municipal schools (public/EMEI and private/EPEI schools), clubs (CLB), public squares (PS) and residential condominiums (CND) and samples of animal faeces from the Zoonosis Control Centre (CCZ) of the municipality of Votuporanga/SP were analysed using the Baermann method for the detection of zoonotic helminth larvae. The prevalence rates of the nematode genera identified were determined, and the results were compared using Fisher's exact and chi-square frequency tests. Information about cases of larvae migrans in the population were collected from the Family Health Units and the private health plans. All sites were positive for Ancylostoma spp. and, with the exception of EPEIs and dog faeces, for Strongyloides spp. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. was 87.5% for CND samples, 74.29% for EMIEs, 63.64% for CLB, 61.76% for PS and 64.29% for dog's and 42.86% for cats at CCZ. The prevalence of Strongyloides spp. ranged from 14.29% (cats/CCZ) to 41.18% (PS). Cases of cutaneous larva migrans were reported during interviews. Thus, from the public health perspective, the risk of individuals that frequent recreational areas in the municipality, especially children, to be infected by helminth larvae is noteworthy, indicating the need to develop policies aimed at controlling this important zoonosis.
MeSH term(s)	Ancylostoma/physiology ; Animals ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Cat Diseases/epidemiology ; Cat Diseases/parasitology ; Cats ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/parasitology ; Dogs ; Feces/parasitology ; Humans ; Larva Migrans/diagnosis ; Larva Migrans/epidemiology ; Soil/parasitology
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1984-2961
ISSN (online)	1984-2961
DOI	10.1590/S1984-29612020075
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans in a region without a cyclic vector.

Heller, Luciana Maffini / Bastos, Thiago de Souza Azeredo / Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Neves, Lucianne Cardoso / de Freitas Paula, Warley Vieira / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Barros, Antonio Thadeu Medeiros / Cançado, Paulo Henrique Duarte / Machado, Rosangela Zacarias / Soares, Vando Edésio / Cadioli, Fabiano Antonio / da Silva Krawczak, Felipe / Zanetti Lopes, Welber Daniel

Parasitology research

2024 Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 96

Abstract: This work investigated the mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans to cattle in a region without a cyclic vector. The study involved two experiments, one with calves experimentally infected with T. vivax, in the acute phase of ...

Abstract	This work investigated the mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans to cattle in a region without a cyclic vector. The study involved two experiments, one with calves experimentally infected with T. vivax, in the acute phase of trypanosomosis (Experiment 1) and the other in the chronic phase (Experiment 2). In both experiments, two transmission methods were used with flies that had not fed for 24 h or had never fed: (i) Method 1: flies released freely in cattle pens (≈3,300 flies/pen for 10 days); and (ii) Method 2: flies placed in a feeding chamber (12 flies/animal). To develop Method 1 in the two experiments (acute and chronic phases), T. vivax-positive animals were kept with T. vivax-negative animals. Periodically, the Brener method, Woo method, blood smears, cPCR, ELISA, IFAT, and Imunoteste® were performed to detect T. vivax in the animals. We also recorded the animals' head tossing and hoof stomping and the number of flies near the pens' inner walls. Subsequently, biological testing was performed using lambs. For Method 2 in both experiments, flies inside the feeding chamber first fed on T. vivax-positive animals and later on negative animals. In both experiments and methods, we examined the flies for the presence of T. vivax through blood smears and cPCR of the proboscis and abdomen. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), a test was conducted to determine how long trypomastigotes forms could survive on the blood of animals with different levels of parasitemia. None of the animals (calves and lambs) became infected with T. vivax or showed antibodies against it. During the evaluation period, the animals in the presence of the flies exhibited more hoof stomping and head tossing compared to those without flies (control). Additionally, there was an increase in the number of flies in the pens during the experiment. Only in Experiment 1 (acute phase) were T. vivax trypomastigotes and DNA found in the abdomen of the flies but not in the proboscis. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), higher concentrations of trypomastigotes per milliliter of blood were associated with a shorter the lifespan of this stage of the parasite. In conclusion, under the variable conditions of the experiments (hosts, number of flies, and level of parasitemia), S. calcitrans was unable to mechanically transmit T. vivax to cattle.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sheep ; Cattle ; Muscidae ; Trypanosoma vivax ; Parasitemia ; Sheep, Domestic ; Antibodies
Chemical Substances	Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-023-08102-z
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Article: Long-term efficacy of toltrazuril in naïve calves prophylactically treated and experimentally infected with Eimeria spp

Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Iuasse, Hariye Victória / Naves, Raphaela Barbosa / Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / De Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Soares, Vando Edesio / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Parasitology research. 2022 Sept., v. 121, no. 9

2022

Abstract: Eimeria are ubiquitous parasites and eimeriosis treatment is based on coccidiostats or coccidicides used prophylactically, metaphylactically, or therapeutically. The long-term efficacy of toltrazuril (TZR, 15 mg/kg) against experimentally infected naïve ... ...

Abstract	Eimeria are ubiquitous parasites and eimeriosis treatment is based on coccidiostats or coccidicides used prophylactically, metaphylactically, or therapeutically. The long-term efficacy of toltrazuril (TZR, 15 mg/kg) against experimentally infected naïve calves was investigated. Seven groups (six treated and one control) of six animals each were formed. Animals of each group received a single TZR prophylactic oral treatment on days − 42, − 35, − 28, − 21, − 14, and − 7 before the challenge with infectious sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. (100,000 oocysts: 59.5% E. zuernii, 38.1% E. bovis, 1.2%, E. alabamensis, and 1.2% E. ellipsoidalis). The long-term efficacy was assessed based on Eimeria spp. oocyst excretion by fecal oocyst counts. Three calves from the control group presented diarrhea with blood, which was not observed in animals belonging to the treatment groups. The TZR achieved efficacy greater than 95.0% up to 14 and 7 days. This formulation showed efficacy above 95% for 7 to 14 days, between 82 and 84% for 21 to 28 days and between 50 and 64% for 35 to 42 days.
Keywords	blood ; coccidiosis ; coccidiostats ; diarrhea ; excretion ; oocysts ; oral administration ; parasitology ; research ; toltrazuril
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 2571-2578.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-022-07601-9
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Article ; Online: Effect of a preventive strategic control program, with imidocarb dipropionate, against tick fever agents in dairy calves.

Alves, Histefania Costa / Afonso, Pedro Henrique Amancio / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzo Lima Lins / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Zapa, Dina Maria Beltran / Cruz, Breno Cayeiro / Soares, Vando Edésio / Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Tropical animal health and production

2023 Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 315

Abstract: Chemoprophylaxis with dipropionate imidocarb (IMD) is a method adopted to prevent cattle tick fever (TF). Sixty weaned dairy heifers (±60 days old), without previous exposure to Rhipicephalus microplus ticks, were housed in Tifton paddocks and were ... ...

Abstract	Chemoprophylaxis with dipropionate imidocarb (IMD) is a method adopted to prevent cattle tick fever (TF). Sixty weaned dairy heifers (±60 days old), without previous exposure to Rhipicephalus microplus ticks, were housed in Tifton paddocks and were subsequently exposed to R. microplus ticks and monitored up to 315 days old. Thirty animals were kept as controls (T01) and 30 received five preventive strategic treatments with IMD at 21-day intervals (T02). The heifers were monitored weekly by means of packed cell volume (PCV) and blood smears to evaluate the presence of TF agents. Salvage treatments (ST) with diminazene and enrofloxacin were administered when animals showed PCV ≤ 24%. The A. marginale prevalence was 39.3% and 37.7%, B. bovis 6.0%, and 7.3%, and B. bigemina 16.3% and 13.7% for T01 and T02, respectively. Regarding PCV values, group T01 showed lower PCV than group T02, between 119 and 161 days of life, but when animals were 196, 210, 217, and between 252 to 301 days old, an inversion occurred. The IMD treatment protocol was effective in group T02 from day 91 to 175 while treatment was being administered, but from day 182 to 315 after the IMD treatment protocol was completed, the number of salvage treatments against TF agents performed in T02 group increased significantly. The sequential application of IMD treatments with intervals less than 21 days is not recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Imidocarb ; Anaplasmosis ; Babesiosis ; Diminazene ; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	imidocarb dipropionate (ZSM1M03SHC) ; Imidocarb (8USS3K0VDH) ; Diminazene (Y5G36EEA5Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603363-5
ISSN	1573-7438 ; 0049-4747
ISSN (online)	1573-7438
ISSN	0049-4747
DOI	10.1007/s11250-023-03709-x
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Article ; Online: Long-term efficacy of toltrazuril in naïve calves prophylactically treated and experimentally infected with Eimeria spp.

Parasitology research

2022 Volume 121, Issue 9, Page(s) 2571–2578

Abstract	Eimeria are ubiquitous parasites and eimeriosis treatment is based on coccidiostats or coccidicides used prophylactically, metaphylactically, or therapeutically. The long-term efficacy of toltrazuril (TZR, 15 mg/kg) against experimentally infected naïve calves was investigated. Seven groups (six treated and one control) of six animals each were formed. Animals of each group received a single TZR prophylactic oral treatment on days - 42, - 35, - 28, - 21, - 14, and - 7 before the challenge with infectious sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. (100,000 oocysts: 59.5% E. zuernii, 38.1% E. bovis, 1.2%, E. alabamensis, and 1.2% E. ellipsoidalis). The long-term efficacy was assessed based on Eimeria spp. oocyst excretion by fecal oocyst counts. Three calves from the control group presented diarrhea with blood, which was not observed in animals belonging to the treatment groups. The TZR achieved efficacy greater than 95.0% up to 14 and 7 days. This formulation showed efficacy above 95% for 7 to 14 days, between 82 and 84% for 21 to 28 days and between 50 and 64% for 35 to 42 days.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/drug therapy ; Cattle Diseases/parasitology ; Cattle Diseases/prevention & control ; Coccidiosis/drug therapy ; Coccidiosis/prevention & control ; Coccidiosis/veterinary ; Coccidiostats/therapeutic use ; Eimeria ; Feces/parasitology ; Oocysts ; Triazines
Chemical Substances	Coccidiostats ; Triazines ; toltrazuril (QVZ3IAR3JS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-27
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-022-07601-9
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Article ; Online: Cattle tick and gastrointestinal nematodes strategic control in dairy 31/32 Gyr x Holstein and beef ½ Brangus: is the same way?

Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / Zapa, Dina María Beltrán / de Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Ruivo, Maycon Araújo / Scarpa, Alexandre Braga / Neto, Octaviano Pereira / Soares, Vando Edésio / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Livestock Science. 2023 Feb., v. 268 p.105154-

2023

Abstract: Cattle ticks and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a major concern in cattle rearing. Strategic treatments with chemical products are used to curb these infestations and infections. There are several studies on the population dynamics and strategic ... ...

Abstract	Cattle ticks and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a major concern in cattle rearing. Strategic treatments with chemical products are used to curb these infestations and infections. There are several studies on the population dynamics and strategic control of these parasites; however, none considered the genetic proportion of dairy cattle (Bos taurus taurus) and beef cattle (crossbred) to establish and understand the best strategy to control these parasites. To establish and understand the best strategy to control these parasites, we evaluated strategic treatment schemes against cattle ticks and GINs in dairy (Bos taurus taurus-Gyr × Holstein, ³¹/₃₂) and beef (crossbred-¹/₂ Nellore × ¹/₂ Angus) cattle with different genetics. To determine whether the adopted strategic control scheme was sufficient to maintain a low level of infestation or infection of cattle ticks and GINs in animals, a group of dairy and crossbred beef cattle received chemical treatment only as a palliative treatment. Concomitantly, the productive and reproductive data of the animals were evaluated. The results showed that the level of challenge by ticks was different in crossbred beef (½ Nellore × ½ Angus) and dairy (Gyr × Holstein ³¹/₃₂) cattle, and it was necessary to adopt different protocols for strategic or palliative treatments in these animals. Eight palliative treatments against Rhipicephalus microplus for over 12 months were necessary for dairy cattle, while only one was necessary for crossbred beef cattle. Thus, a more suppressive strategic protocol should be established in dairy cattle for monitoring the tick burden because new treatments may be necessary depending on the situation. In contrast, in crossbred beef cattle, an endectocide could be used after weaning, and other treatments must be conditioned to the presence of ticks in cattle. Further, prolonged periods without chemical treatment can increase the proportion of GINs, such as Haemonchus spp., compared to Cooperia spp. in these animals. Therefore, two to three treatments per year, depending on the anthelmintic used, are recommended for dairy and beef cattle. In both dairy and beef cattle, the strategic treatments showed better weight gain at the end of the study, resulting in greater productivity and return on investment (ROI), in crossbred beef cattle. Reproductive parameters were numerically similar in dairy females subjected to different treatment regimens.
Keywords	Angus ; Brangus ; Cooperia ; Haemonchus ; Holstein ; Nellore ; Rhipicephalus microplus ; anthelmintics ; beef ; beef cattle ; chemical treatment ; crossbreds ; dairy cattle ; gastrointestinal nematodes ; genetics ; population dynamics ; ticks ; weight gain ; acaricide ; endectocide ; return on investment ; worms
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2226176-X
ISSN	1878-0490 ; 1871-1413
ISSN (online)	1878-0490
ISSN	1871-1413
DOI	10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105154
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Article ; Online: Enzootic stability of tick fever in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region, subjected to strategic cattle tick control with fluralaner.

Zapa, Dina Maria Beltran / de Aquino, Lidia Mendes / Couto, Luiz Felipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / de Freitas Paula, Warley Vieira / de Lima, Nicolas Jalowitzki / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddhartha / Soares, Vando Edésio / de Oliveira Monteiro, Caio Marcio / da Silva Krawczak, Felipe / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Parasites & vectors

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 120

Abstract: Background: In 2022, fluralaner was launched on the market for use in the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus after showing 100% efficacy in registration trials against the causative agents of cattle tick fever (TFAs). The aim of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: In 2022, fluralaner was launched on the market for use in the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus after showing 100% efficacy in registration trials against the causative agents of cattle tick fever (TFAs). The aim of the present study was to determine whether a strategic control regimen against R. microplus using fluralaner (FLU) in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region would alter the enzootic stability status of cattle tick fever, triggering outbreaks in these animals up to 22 months age. Methods: In this study, a group of calves treated with FLU was compared with a control group treated with the regimen currently being used on the farm, which consisted of the fipronil + fluazuron formulation (FIFLUA). In the first experiment, the efficacy of the FIFLUA pour-on formulation was evaluated in a field study. In the second experiment, which lasted 550 days, two experimental groups (n = 30/group) of Holstein calves naturally infested with R. microplus were analyzed. Calves aged 4 to 10 months received either a specific treatment regimen with FLU (experimental group) or FIFLUA (control group). During this period, tick counts, animal weight measurement, feces collection (to determine eggs and oocysts per gram of feces), tick fever monitoring, blood smears (to ascertain enzootic stability of the herd), PCR testing for TFAs and serology (indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [iELISA]) were performed. All calves were evaluated for signs of tick fever between ages 11 and 22 months. Results: FIFLUA showed an acaricidal efficacy of > 90% from post-treatment days 14 to 35. Regarding treatments against the TFAs, the average number of treatments was similar between groups, but animals treated with FLU had a smaller reduction in packed cell volume on some of the evaluation dates of the second and third treatment against TFAs. In calves aged 10 months in the FLU group, B. bovis was not detected by PCR (0/15 samples), 40% of the samples had antibody titers and 33% (10/30) of the samples had positive blood smears. Regarding B. bigemina, > 86% of the samples in both groups tested positive for B. bigemina DNA and antibodies; there was no difference in the antibody titers between the groups. There were no clinical cases of cattle tick fever in calves aged 11 to 22 months. Conclusions: In comparison with the control treatment, the strategic control regimen against R. microplus with FLU that was implemented in the present study did not negatively affect the enzootic stability status of A. marginale and B. bigemina in the herd up to 22 months of age. The enzootic stability status of B. bovis was not reached by either group. These results likely represent a characteristic of the local tick population, so further studies should be performed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Tick Control ; Tick Infestations/drug therapy ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Ovum ; Babesiosis/epidemiology ; Anaplasmosis/epidemiology ; Rhipicephalus ; Isoxazoles
Chemical Substances	A1443 compound ; Isoxazoles
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-024-06212-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Toltrazuril + fenbendazole for cattle: Pharmacokinetics and efficacy against Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes.

Zapa, Dina Maria Beltrán / Heller, Luciana Maffini / de Aquino, Lídia Mendes / Couto, Luiz Felipe Monteiro / Gomes, Lucas Vinicius Costa / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Vettorato, Luis Fernando / Barufi, Francisco / de Oliveira Arriero Amaral, Heitor / Chiummo, Rafael Marin / Sonada, Rafael Bazaglia / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Sakamoto, Claudio Alessandro M / Soares, Vando Edésio / da Costa, Alvimar José / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

2023 Volume 47, Page(s) 100968

Abstract: The present work evaluated the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the association of 15cmg/kg toltrazuril +5cmg/kg fenbendazole against Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in calves of different regions of Brazil (Center-West, Southeast, and ...

Abstract	The present work evaluated the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the association of 15cmg/kg toltrazuril +5cmg/kg fenbendazole against Eimeria spp. and gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in calves of different regions of Brazil (Center-West, Southeast, and South). A total of seven experiments were carried out, five of which determined formulation efficacy against Eimeria spp., considering the following aspects: therapeutic, preventive, metaphylactic, and residual efficacy. Therapeutic efficacy experiments for GINs were carried out by parasitological necropsy. The toltrazuril + fenbendazole association demonstrated ≥95% efficacy against Eimeria spp. for 21 days post-treatment (DPT). When used preventively and metaphylatically, the same association demonstrated ≥97% efficacy against E. zuernii, E. ellipsoidalis, E. cylindrica, E. bovis, E. wyomingensis and E. auburnensis. Toltrazuril + fenbendazole administered seven days before challenge was 100% effective against all these Eimeria species. Results of therapeutic, preventive, metaphylactic and residual efficacies can be related to the pharmacokinetic results, especially considering toltrazuril sulfone, which was detected in animal plasma for a longer period than the parent compound. Toltrazuril + fenbendazole achieved 100% anthelminthic efficacy against the GINs Haemonchus placei (L4), Cooperia pectinata and Oesophagostomum radiatum; 99.94% against adult H. placei; and 99.98% against C. puntacta. The association of toltrazuril + fenbendazole, associated with other measures, is an important and suitable tool for the control and treatment of Eimeria spp. and GINs in young cattle.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Fenbendazole/therapeutic use ; Triazines/therapeutic use ; Haemonchus ; Eimeria
Chemical Substances	Fenbendazole (621BVT9M36) ; toltrazuril (QVZ3IAR3JS) ; Triazines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-9390
ISSN (online)	2405-9390
DOI	10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100968
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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