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Article ; Online: Protective effects of selenium on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats

Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar / Hadi Cheraghi Farmed / Hossein Hosseinzadeh / Soghra Mehri

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 8, Pp 1041-

2021 Volume 1049

Abstract: Objective(s): Acrylamide (ACR), has wide uses in different industries. ACR induced several toxicities including neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The probable protective effects of selenium on ACR-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats were ... ...

Abstract	Objective(s): Acrylamide (ACR), has wide uses in different industries. ACR induced several toxicities including neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The probable protective effects of selenium on ACR-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats were evaluated.Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were studied for 11 days in 8 groups: 1. Control, 2. ACR (50 mg/kg, IP), 3-5. ACR+ selenium (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/kg, IP), 6. ACR+ the most effective dose of selenium (0.6 mg/kg, IP) three days after ACR administration, 7. ACR+ vitamin E (200 mg/kg IP, every other day) 8. Selenium (0.6 mg/kg IP). Finally, behavioral tests were done. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 proteins in liver and cerebral cortex tissues were measured. Also, the amount of albumin, total protein, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) enzymes were determined in serum. Results: ACR caused the severe motor impairment, increased MDA level and decreased GSH content, enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 proteins in brain and liver tissues. Besides, the level of AST was elevated while the total serum protein and albumin levels were decreased. Administration of selenium (0.6 mg/kg) (from the first day of the experiment and the third day) significantly recovered locomotor disorders, increased GSH content, and reduced MDA level. Also, selenium decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 levels in brain and liver tissues.Conclusion: The oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways have important roles in neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of ACR. Selenium significantly reduced ACR-induced toxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Keywords	acrylamide ; apoptosis ; hepatotoxicity ; neurotoxicity ; oxidative stress ; selenium ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effects of Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn) on metabolic syndrome

Shahrzad Dehghani / Soghra Mehri / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5, Pp 460-

A review

2019 Volume 468

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is described as a group of risk factors in which at least three unhealthy medical conditions, including obesity, high blood sugar, hypertension or dyslipidemia occur simultaneously in a patient. These conditions raise the risk for ... ...

Abstract	Metabolic syndrome is described as a group of risk factors in which at least three unhealthy medical conditions, including obesity, high blood sugar, hypertension or dyslipidemia occur simultaneously in a patient. These conditions raise the risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Many recent studies have focused on herbal remedies and their pharmacological effects on metabolic syndrome. Crataegus pinnatifida or Chinese hawthorn has been widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Its leaves, fruits and seeds have various active substances such as, flavonoids, triterpenic acids and sesquiterpenes, which through different mechanisms can be beneficial in metabolic syndrome. Flavonoids found in the leaves of hawthorn can significantly reduce atherosclerotic lesion areas, the fruit extracts contain two triterpenic acids (oleanolic acid and ursolic acid), that have the ability to inhibit the acyl-coA-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) enzyme and as a result reduce very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Another example regards a sesquiterpene found in the seeds of C. pinnatifida, which exhibits the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation, thus showing antithrombotic activity. Various studies have shown that C. pinnatifida can have beneficial effects on controlling and treating high blood sugar, dyslipidemia, obesity and atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to highlight the interesting effects of C. pinnatifida on metabolic syndrome.
Keywords	Crataegus pinnatifida ; Diabetes ; Dyslipidemia ; Hawthorn ; metabolic syndrome ; Obesity ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The protective effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) against metabolic syndrome

Fatemeh Yarmohammadi / Soghra Mehri / Nahid Najafi / Sanaz Salar amoli / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 3, Pp 280-

A review

2021 Volume 292

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a condition associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. Recently, the use of phytochemicals is suggested in the control and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The Azadirachta indica (neem) is an evergreen ...

Abstract	Metabolic syndrome is a condition associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. Recently, the use of phytochemicals is suggested in the control and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The Azadirachta indica (neem) is an evergreen tree belonging to the family of Meliaceae. Multiple studies have been confirmed the anti-diabetic and anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-obesity effects of neem. In this review, we reported the protective effects of neem against the complications of metabolic syndrome with a special focus on mechanisms that are involved. It has been shown that neem can control hyperglycemia and hypertension through over-expression of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and anti-oxidant effects. Neem also reduced the glucose uptake through up-regulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and inhibition of key intestinal enzymes such as glucosidases. Moreover, neem showed anti-hypertensive effects possibility via the block of calcium channels, up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Anti-oxidant effects play an important role in protective mechanisms of neem against metabolic syndrome and its complications.
Keywords	azadirachta indica ; diabetes ; hyperlipidemia ; hypertension ; metabolic syndrome ; neem ; obesity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Preventive effects of crocin on neuronal damages induced by D-galactose through AGEs and oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y)

Somaye Heidari / Soghra Mehri / Vahidesadat Shariaty / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Journal of Pharmacopuncture, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 018-

2018 Volume 025

Abstract: Objective:D-galactose (D-gal) is well-known agent to induce aging process. In the present study, we selected crocin, the main constituent of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), against D-gal- induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Objective:D-galactose (D-gal) is well-known agent to induce aging process. In the present study, we selected crocin, the main constituent of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), against D-gal- induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.Methods:Pretreated cells with crocin (25-500 μM, 24 h) were exposed to D-gal (25–400 mM, 48 h). The MTT assay was used for determination cell viability. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay (DCF-DA) and senescence associated β-galactosidase staining assay (SA- β-gal) were used to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species and beta-galactosidase as an aging marker, respectively. Also advanced glycation end products (AGEs) expression which is known as the main mechanism of age-related diseases was measured by western blot analysis.Results:The findings of our study showed that treatment of cells with D-gal (25-400 mM) for 48h decreased cell viability concentration dependency. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which are known as main factors in age-related diseases increased from 100 ± 8% in control group to 132 ± 22% in D-gal (200 mM) treated cells for 48h. The cytotoxic effects of D-gal decreased with 24h crocin pretreatment of cells. The cell viability at concentrations of 100 μM, 200 μM and 500 μM increased and ROS production decreased at concentrations of 200 and 500 μM to 111.5 ± 6% and 108 ± 5%, respectively. Also lysosomal biomarker of aging and carboxymethyl lysine (CML) expression as an AGE protein, significantly increased in D-gal 200 mM group after 48h incubation compare to control group. Pretreatment of SHSY-5Y cells with crocin (500 μM) before adding D-gal significantly reduced aging marker and CML formation.Conclusion:Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with crocin before adding of D-gal restored aging effects of D-gal concentration dependency. These findings indicate that crocin has potent anti- aging effects through inhibition of AGEs and ROS production.
Keywords	d-galactose ; crocin ; saffron ; aging ; reactive oxygen species ; advanced glycation end products ; Medicine ; R ; Miscellaneous systems and treatments ; RZ409.7-999 ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Protective effect of crocin on bisphenol A - induced spatial learning and memory impairment in adult male rats

Faezeh Vahdati Hassani / Elaheh Masjedi / Hossein Hosseinzadeh / Zeinab Bedrood / Khalil Abnous / Soghra Mehri

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 23, Iss 9, Pp 1146-

Role of oxidative stress and AMPA receptor

2020 Volume 1154

Abstract: Objective(s): Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogenic endocrine disrupting agent, is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and has potential adverse effects on the developing nervous system, memory and learning abilities. The protective ... ...

Abstract	Objective(s): Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogenic endocrine disrupting agent, is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and has potential adverse effects on the developing nervous system, memory and learning abilities. The protective effect of the crocin, an important active constituent in Crocus sativus L, on memory impairment induced by BPA in rat was determined through evaluation of oxidative stress and the level of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicd acid) receptors. Materials and Methods: Rats were orally treated with BPA (100 mg/kg) or sesame seed oil in control group for 28 days. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, IP) was administrated in BPA-orally treated groups for 28 days. Memory and learning functions were evaluated by Morris water maze. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents were determined in rat hippocampus. Additionally, the expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors were analyzed using Western blot method. Results: Administration of BPA significantly reduced memory and learning functions. Crocin significantly protected against learning and memory impairments induced by BPA. BPA administration markedly reduced GSH content and induced lipid peroxidation, while crocin was able to increase GSH content in rat hippocampus. The expression of NMDA receptor did not change in BPA-treated rats, while the significant reduction in AMPA receptor expression was observed. Moreover, crocin (20 mg/kg) significantly elevated the expression of AMPA receptor. Conclusion: Crocin recovered spatial learning and memory defects induced by BPA in part through anti-oxidant activity and modulation the expression of AMPA receptor in rat hippocampus.
Keywords	crocin crocus sativus l. bisphenol a anti ; oxidant ampa nmda ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Toxicology effects of saffron and its constituents

Hasan Badie Bostan / Soghra Mehri / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 2, Pp 110-

a review

2017 Volume 121

Abstract: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been considered as a medicinal plant since ancient times and also widely used as food additive for its color, taste and odor. The pharmacological properties of saffron and its main constituents, crocin and safranal have ... ...

Abstract	Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been considered as a medicinal plant since ancient times and also widely used as food additive for its color, taste and odor. The pharmacological properties of saffron and its main constituents, crocin and safranal have been evaluated using different in vivo and in vitro models. Additionally, other lines of studies have found toxicological effects of saffron. However, a comprehensive review that covers all aspects of its toxicity has not been published yet. The current study provides classified information about the toxic effects of saffron and its constituents in various exposure conditions including acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic and chronic studies. Therapeutic doses of saffron exhibits no significant toxicity in both clinical and experimental investigations.
Keywords	Crocetin ; Crocin ; Saffron ; Safranal ; Toxicity ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Memory enhancement and protective effects of crocin against D-galactose aging model in the hippocampus of Wistar rats

Somaye Heidari / Soghra Mehri / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 11, Pp 1250-

2017 Volume 1259

Abstract: Objective(s): The neurodegeneration and loss of memory function are common consequences of aging. Medicinal plants have potent protective effects against chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects ... ...

Abstract	Objective(s): The neurodegeneration and loss of memory function are common consequences of aging. Medicinal plants have potent protective effects against chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms of crocin on brain function in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 220 ± 20 g were randomly divided into six groups: control, D-gal (400 mg/kg, SC), D-gal (400 mg/kg) plus crocin (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg, IP) and crocin alone at dose of 30 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The neuroprotective effects of crocin were evaluated by Morris water maze, determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and Western blot analysis. Results: Crocin significantly inhibited the neurotoxic effects of D-gal through improvement of spatial learning and memory functions as well as the reduction of MDA levels. It was also found that administration of crocin up-regulated pAkt/Akt and pErk/Erk ratio which were decreased by chronic D-gal treatment. In addition, the elevated level of carboxymethyl lysine (CML), as an advance glycation product (AGE), NF-κB p65, TNFα and IL1β significantly decreased in crocin treated rats compared to D-gal group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that crocin is able to enhance memory function in D-gal aging model through anti-glycative and anti-oxidative properties which finally can suppress brain inflammatory mediators (IL-1, TNF and NF-κB) formations and increase PI3K/Akt and Erk/MAPK pathways activity. Therefore, crocin can be considered as healthcare product to prevent age-related brain diseases such as Alzheimer.
Keywords	Advance glycation product ; Brain aging ; Crocin ; D-galactose ; Inflammation ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Berberis vulgaris and its constituent berberine as antidotes and protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities

Nooshin Mohammadzadeh / Soghra Mehri / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 5, Pp 538-

2017 Volume 551

Abstract: Berberis vulgaris L (B. vulgaris) and its main constituent berberine have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. This medicinal plant and berberine have many properties that have attracted the attention of researchers over the time. According ...

Abstract	Berberis vulgaris L (B. vulgaris) and its main constituent berberine have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. This medicinal plant and berberine have many properties that have attracted the attention of researchers over the time. According to several studies, B. vulgaris and berberine exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-cancer, anti-arrhythmic, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-diabetic effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In regard to many reports on protective effects of B. vulgaris and berberine on natural and chemical toxins, in the current review article, the inhibitory effects of these compounds against natural, industrial, environmental and chemical toxicities with focus on cellular mechanism have been categorized. It has been mentioned that berberine could ameliorate toxicity of chemical toxins in brain, heart, kidney, liver and lung in part through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) signaling pathways.
Keywords	Antidote ; Anti-inflammation ; Antioxidant ; Barberry ; Berberine ; Berberis vulgaris ; Chemical toxin ; Natural toxin ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anti-Aging Effect of Nigella Sativa Fixed Oil on D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mice

Mahdieh Jafari Shahroudi / Soghra Mehri / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Journal of Pharmacopuncture, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 29-

2017 Volume 35

Abstract: Objectives: Aging is an unconscious and gradual process that can lead to changes in biological systems. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity are involved in the aging process. Regarding the antioxidant property of ...

Abstract	Objectives: Aging is an unconscious and gradual process that can lead to changes in biological systems. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity are involved in the aging process. Regarding the antioxidant property of black seed oil, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil on d-galactose-induced aging in mice. Methods: For induction of aging, D-galactose (500 mg/kg, subcoutaneously SC) was administrated to male mice for 42 days. Animals were treated with D-galactose alone or with b lack seed oil (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 mL/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). Additionally, vitamin E (200 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the glutathione (GSH) contents in brain and liver tissues were measured. Also, enzymes in serum, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), were determined. The levels of the proteins Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) in brain and liver tissues were evaluated. Results: Administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg, SC) for 42 days increased serum levels of ALT and AST, as well as the MDA content, in brain and liver tissues, but decreased the GSH content. Additionally, the levels of apoptotic proteins, including Bax, procaspase-3 and caspase-3 cleaved, were markedly increased. N. sativa oil (0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg) diminished the levels of the biochemical markers ALT and AST. Administration of black seed oil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mL/kg) reduced lipid peroxidation and at doses 0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg significantly recovered the GSH content. The oil decreased Bax/Bcl2 levels and at 0.1 mL/kg down-regulated the expressions of caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) proteins in brain and liver tissues. Conclusion: Through its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties, black seed oil exhibited an anti-aging effect in a model of aging induced with D-galactose.
Keywords	aging ; apoptosis ; black seed oil ; D-galactose ; oxidative stress ; Medicine ; R ; Miscellaneous systems and treatments ; RZ409.7-999 ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effects of crocin on spatial memory impairment induced by hyoscine

Maliheh Adabizadeh / Soghra Mehri / Mahshid Rajabpour / Khalil Abnous / Marzieh Rashedinia / Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 6, Pp 601-

Role of NMDA, AMPA, ERK, and CaMKII proteins in rat hippocampus

2019 Volume 609

Abstract: Objective(s): Crocus sativus L. and its active constituent, crocin, have neuroprotective effects. The effects of crocin on memory impairment have been mentioned in studies but the signaling pathways have not been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this ... ...

Abstract	Objective(s): Crocus sativus L. and its active constituent, crocin, have neuroprotective effects. The effects of crocin on memory impairment have been mentioned in studies but the signaling pathways have not been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of crocin on the hyoscine-induced memory impairment in rat. Additionally, the level of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicd acid), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), CaMKII (calcium (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinaseII) mRNA and proteins were determined in rat hippocampus. Materials and Methods: Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), hyoscine (1.5 mg/kg), normal saline and rivastigmine were administered intraperitoneally to male Wistar rats for 5 days. The effects on memory improvement were studied using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Then, the protein levels of NMDA, AMPA, ERK, pERK, CaMKII and p.CaMKII in hippocampus were analized using the Western blot test. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of NMDA, AMPA, ERK and pCaMKII genes were evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR) method. Results: Aadminestration of crocin (20 mg/kg) and rivastigmine significantly improved learning and memory impairment induced by hyoscine. Also, administration of hyoscine reduced protein level of pERK, while treatment with crocin (20 mg/kg) recovered the protein level. No changes were observed in the protein levels and mRNA gene expression of NMDA, AMPA, ERK, CaMKII and pCaMKII following adminestration of hyoscine or crocin. Conclusion: Adminestration of crocin improved memory and learning. The effect of crocin in this model can be mediated by alteration in pERK protein level in rat hippocampus.
Keywords	Crocin ; Saffron ; Memory ; Erk ; CaMKII ; NMDA ; AMPA ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
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