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  1. Article ; Online: Protocol to prepare mouse spinal cord for patch-clamp and histology experiments.

    Ju, Sang-Hyeon / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    STAR protocols

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 102345

    Abstract: The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system located within the spinal canal of the vertebrae. Here, we present a protocol to prepare mouse spinal cord sections for patch-clamp and histology experiments. We describe steps for isolating spinal ... ...

    Abstract The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system located within the spinal canal of the vertebrae. Here, we present a protocol to prepare mouse spinal cord sections for patch-clamp and histology experiments. We describe steps for isolating spinal cord from the spinal canal and obtaining acute slices for patch-clamp experiments. For histology experiments, we detail fixing spinal cord for cryosectioning and imaging. This protocol provides procedures to assess neuronal activity and protein expression of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ju et al.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102345
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  2. Article ; Online: Is Obesity Inherited?

    Yoo, Eun-Seon / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    Molecules and cells

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 4, Page(s) 206–208

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1148964-9
    ISSN 0219-1032 ; 1016-8478
    ISSN (online) 0219-1032
    ISSN 1016-8478
    DOI 10.14348/molcells.2023.0027
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4713: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Autonomic control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis.

    Hyun, Uisu / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    Experimental & molecular medicine

    2022  Volume 54, Issue 4, Page(s) 370–376

    Abstract: Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent divisions of the ANS may affect thermogenesis and ... ...

    Abstract Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent divisions of the ANS may affect thermogenesis and blood glucose levels. In contrast, peripheral organs send feedback to the CNS via hormones and autonomic afferent nerves. These humoral and neural feedbacks, as well as neural commands from higher brain centers directly or indirectly shape the metabolic function of autonomic neurons. Notably, recent developments in mouse genetics have enabled more detailed studies of ANS neurons and circuits, which have helped elucidate autonomic control of metabolism. Here, we will summarize the functional organization of the ANS and discuss recent updates on the roles of neural and humoral factors in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis by the ANS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism ; Autonomic Pathways/physiology ; Central Nervous System ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Mice
    Chemical Substances Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1328915-9
    ISSN 2092-6413 ; 1226-3613 ; 0378-8512
    ISSN (online) 2092-6413
    ISSN 1226-3613 ; 0378-8512
    DOI 10.1038/s12276-021-00705-9
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4775: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Serotonergic regulation of appetite and sodium appetite.

    Shin, Yurim / Kim, Seungjik / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    Journal of neuroendocrinology

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 9, Page(s) e13328

    Abstract: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released from the brainstem raphe nuclei to affect many brain functions. It is well known that the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons is changed in response to the changes in feeding status to ... ...

    Abstract Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released from the brainstem raphe nuclei to affect many brain functions. It is well known that the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons is changed in response to the changes in feeding status to regulate appetite via the serotonin receptors. Likewise, changes in volume status are known to alter the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons and drugs targeting serotonin receptors were shown to affect sodium appetite. Therefore, the central serotonin system appears to regulate ingestion of both food and salt, although neural mechanisms that induce appetite in response to hunger and sodium appetite in response to volume depletion are largely distinct from each other. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge regarding the regulation of ingestion - appetite and sodium appetite - by the central serotonin system.
    MeSH term(s) Appetite/physiology ; Sodium ; Serotonin/physiology ; Raphe Nuclei ; Brain Stem ; Appetite Regulation/physiology
    Chemical Substances Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Serotonin (333DO1RDJY)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1007517-3
    ISSN 1365-2826 ; 0953-8194
    ISSN (online) 1365-2826
    ISSN 0953-8194
    DOI 10.1111/jne.13328
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2634: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  5. Article ; Online: Insulin Preferentially Regulates the Activity of Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons over Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons.

    Hyun, Uisu / Kweon, Yoon Young / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 545–556

    Abstract: Backgruound: Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates post-prandial physiology, and it is well known that insulin controls homeostasis at least in part via the central nervous system. In particular, insulin alters the activity of neurons within the ... ...

    Abstract Backgruound: Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates post-prandial physiology, and it is well known that insulin controls homeostasis at least in part via the central nervous system. In particular, insulin alters the activity of neurons within the autonomic nervous system. However, currently available data are mostly from unidentified brainstem neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV).
    Methods: In this study, we used several genetically engineered mouse models to label distinct populations of neurons within the brainstem and the spinal cord for whole-cell patch clamp recordings and to assess several in vivo metabolic functions.
    Results: We first confirmed that insulin directly inhibited cholinergic (parasympathetic preganglionic) neurons in the DMV. We also found inhibitory effects of insulin on both the excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded in DMV cholinergic neurons. In addition, GABAergic neurons of the DMV and nucleus tractus solitarius were inhibited by insulin. However, insulin had no effects on the cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord. Finally, we obtained results suggesting that the insulininduced inhibition of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons may not play a critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal motility.
    Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that insulin inhibits parasympathetic neuronal circuitry in the brainstem, while not affecting sympathetic neuronal activity in the spinal cord.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Vagus Nerve/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Brain Stem/metabolism ; Cholinergic Agents/metabolism ; Cholinergic Agents/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Insulin ; Cholinergic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-26
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2802452-7
    ISSN 2093-5978 ; 2093-5978
    ISSN (online) 2093-5978
    ISSN 2093-5978
    DOI 10.3803/EnM.2023.1725
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  6. Article ; Online: Protocol for sodium depletion and measurement of sodium appetite in mice.

    Park, Seahyung / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    STAR protocols

    2021  Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 101026

    Abstract: Sodium appetite is a state that motivates animals to consume normally unappetizing concentrations of sodium. Here we describe a protocol to induce sodium appetite in mice by furosemide-induced diuresis and measure sodium intake using volumetric drinking ... ...

    Abstract Sodium appetite is a state that motivates animals to consume normally unappetizing concentrations of sodium. Here we describe a protocol to induce sodium appetite in mice by furosemide-induced diuresis and measure sodium intake using volumetric drinking tubes. This protocol induces sodium appetite rapidly and can be used to assess the effect of various treatments on sodium appetite. This protocol does not require electronic equipment and can be implemented easily. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Park et al. (2020).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Craving ; Diuretics/pharmacology ; Drinking Behavior ; Furosemide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Sodium/deficiency ; Sodium, Dietary/administration & dosage
    Chemical Substances Diuretics ; Sodium, Dietary ; Furosemide (7LXU5N7ZO5) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101026
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  7. Article: Assessment Methods for Problematic Eating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

    Lee, Miji / Lee, Seolha / Sohn, Jong-Woo / Kim, Ki Woo / Choi, Hyung Jin

    Soa--ch'ongsonyon chongsin uihak = Journal of child & adolescent psychiatry

    2024  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–65

    Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be associated with eating problems. However, currently, there is a lack of established guidelines for assessing and addressing eating behaviors in individuals with ASD. This gap in research exists due to the challenges ... ...

    Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be associated with eating problems. However, currently, there is a lack of established guidelines for assessing and addressing eating behaviors in individuals with ASD. This gap in research exists due to the challenges associated with using traditional assessment methods, which may lead to discrepancies in responses and unintentional potential biases from caregivers. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of various eating behaviors commonly observed in individuals with ASD. These behaviors include 1) food neophobia, 2) selective eating, 3) binge eating, 4) food avoidance, 5) chewing and swallowing problems, 6) pica, 7) rumination, 8) rituals, and 9) problematic behaviors. Furthermore, we provide a perspective of utilizing digital tools: 1) augmentative and alternative communication; 2) ecological momentary assessment; and 3) video analysis, behavioral analysis, and facial expression analysis. This review explores existing assessment methods and suggests novel assessment aiding together.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3035377-4
    ISSN 2233-9183 ; 1225-729X
    ISSN (online) 2233-9183
    ISSN 1225-729X
    DOI 10.5765/jkacap.230065
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  8. Article: Leptin-inhibited neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus do not alter food intake or glucose balance.

    Park, Seahyung / Williams, Kevin W / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    Animal cells and systems

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 92–98

    Abstract: The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) has been shown to be involved in the suppression of appetite at the pharmacological, optogenetic and chemogenetic levels. However, the signalling that mediates activation of these neurons in physiological ... ...

    Abstract The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) has been shown to be involved in the suppression of appetite at the pharmacological, optogenetic and chemogenetic levels. However, the signalling that mediates activation of these neurons in physiological conditions has been hindered by difficulties in segregating different cell populations in this region. Using reporter mice, we identify at the electrophysiological level the effects of an anorexic hormone, leptin, on leptin receptor (ObR)-expressing neurons in the LPBN (LPBN
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2562988-8
    ISSN 2151-2485 ; 1976-8354
    ISSN (online) 2151-2485
    ISSN 1976-8354
    DOI 10.1080/19768354.2022.2084159
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  9. Article: Leptin-inhibited neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus do not alter food intake or glucose balance

    Park, Seahyung / Williams, Kevin W. / Sohn, Jong-Woo

    Animal cells and systems. 2022 May 04, v. 26, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) has been shown to be involved in the suppression of appetite at the pharmacological, optogenetic and chemogenetic levels. However, the signalling that mediates activation of these neurons in physiological ... ...

    Abstract The lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) has been shown to be involved in the suppression of appetite at the pharmacological, optogenetic and chemogenetic levels. However, the signalling that mediates activation of these neurons in physiological conditions has been hindered by difficulties in segregating different cell populations in this region. Using reporter mice, we identify at the electrophysiological level the effects of an anorexic hormone, leptin, on leptin receptor (ObR)-expressing neurons in the LPBN (LPBNᴼᵇᴿ neurons). Application of leptin caused inhibition in a subpopulation of LPBNᴼᵇᴿ neurons. This effect was mediated by an increased potassium conductance and was also accompanied by a decrease in excitatory synaptic input onto these neurons. However, mimicking the inhibitory effects of leptin on LPBNᴼᵇᴿ neurons through chemogenetics led to no changes in feeding or glucose levels, which suggests that leptin action on LPBNᴼᵇᴿ neurons may not be sufficient to regulate these metabolic aspects.
    Keywords appetite ; electrophysiology ; food intake ; glucose ; leptin ; leptin receptors ; optogenetics ; potassium ; synaptic transmission
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0504
    Size p. 92-98.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2562988-8
    ISSN 2151-2485 ; 1976-8354
    ISSN (online) 2151-2485
    ISSN 1976-8354
    DOI 10.1080/19768354.2022.2084159
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  10. Article ; Online: Cellular and systemic mechanisms for glucose sensing and homeostasis.

    Sohn, Jong-Woo / Ho, Won-Kyung

    Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology

    2020  Volume 472, Issue 11, Page(s) 1547–1561

    Abstract: Glucose is a major source of energy in animals. Maintaining blood glucose levels within a physiological range is important for facilitating glucose uptake by cells, as required for optimal functioning. Glucose homeostasis relies on multiple glucose- ... ...

    Abstract Glucose is a major source of energy in animals. Maintaining blood glucose levels within a physiological range is important for facilitating glucose uptake by cells, as required for optimal functioning. Glucose homeostasis relies on multiple glucose-sensing cells in the body that constantly monitor blood glucose levels and respond accordingly to adjust its glycemia. These include not only pancreatic β-cells and α-cells that secrete insulin and glucagon, but also central and peripheral neurons regulating pancreatic endocrine function. Different types of cells respond distinctively to changes in blood glucose levels, and the mechanisms involved in glucose sensing are diverse. Notably, recent studies have challenged the currently held views regarding glucose-sensing mechanisms. Furthermore, peripheral and central glucose-sensing cells appear to work in concert to control blood glucose level and maintain glucose and energy homeostasis in organisms. In this review, we summarize the established concepts and recent advances in the understanding of cellular and systemic mechanisms that regulate glucose sensing and its homeostasis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 6380-0
    ISSN 1432-2013 ; 0031-6768
    ISSN (online) 1432-2013
    ISSN 0031-6768
    DOI 10.1007/s00424-020-02466-2
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