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  1. Article ; Online: Three-dimensional Imaging Reveals Immune-driven Tumor-associated High Endothelial Venules as a Key Correlate of Tumor Rejection Following Depletion of Regulatory T Cells.

    Milutinovic, Stefan / Abe, Jun / Jones, Emma / Kelch, Inken / Smart, Kathryn / Lauder, Sarah N / Somerville, Michelle / Ware, Carl / Godkin, Andrew / Stein, Jens V / Bogle, Gib / Gallimore, Awen

    Cancer research communications

    2023  Volume 2, Issue 12, Page(s) 1641–1656

    Abstract: High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post capillary venules that recruit naïve T cells and B cells into secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) such as lymph nodes (LN). Expansion of HEV networks in SLOs occurs following immune activation to support ... ...

    Abstract High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post capillary venules that recruit naïve T cells and B cells into secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) such as lymph nodes (LN). Expansion of HEV networks in SLOs occurs following immune activation to support development of an effective immune response. In this study, we used a carcinogen-induced model of fibrosarcoma to examine HEV remodeling after depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg). We used light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging to visualize entire HEV networks, subsequently applying computational tools to enable topological mapping and extraction of numerical descriptors of the networks. While these analyses revealed profound cancer- and immune-driven alterations to HEV networks within LNs, these changes did not identify successful responses to treatment. The presence of HEV networks within tumors did however clearly distinguish responders from nonresponders. Finally, we show that a successful treatment response is dependent on coupling tumor-associated HEV (TA-HEV) development to T-cell activation implying that T-cell activation acts as the trigger for development of TA-HEVs which subsequently serve to amplify the immune response by facilitating extravasation of T cells into the tumor mass.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Venules ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2767-9764
    ISSN (online) 2767-9764
    DOI 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-21-0123
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Prognostic significance of interleukin-17A-producing colorectal tumour antigen-specific T cells.

    Thomson, Amanda / Bento, Diana F Costa / Scurr, Martin J / Smart, Kathryn / Somerville, Michelle S / Keita, Åsa V / Gallimore, Awen / Godkin, Andrew

    British journal of cancer

    2021  Volume 124, Issue 9, Page(s) 1552–1555

    Abstract: Background: The T cell cytokine profile is a key prognostic indicator of post-surgical outcome for colorectal cancer (CRC). Whilst T: Methods: We sought to determine the cytokine profile of circulating tumour antigen-(5T4/CEA) specific T cells of 34 ... ...

    Abstract Background: The T cell cytokine profile is a key prognostic indicator of post-surgical outcome for colorectal cancer (CRC). Whilst T
    Methods: We sought to determine the cytokine profile of circulating tumour antigen-(5T4/CEA) specific T cells of 34 CRC patients to address whether antigen-specific IL-17A responses were detectable and whether these were distinct to IFN-γ responses.
    Results: As with IFN-γ-producing T cells, anti-5T4/CEA T
    Conclusions: Tumour antigen-specific T
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Colorectal Surgery/mortality ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukin-17/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Th1 Cells/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Neoplasm ; IL17A protein, human ; Interleukin-17 ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80075-2
    ISSN 1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
    ISSN (online) 1532-1827
    ISSN 0007-0920
    DOI 10.1038/s41416-021-01283-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Magnitude of venous or capillary blood-derived SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response determines COVID-19 immunity.

    Scurr, Martin J / Lippiatt, George / Capitani, Lorenzo / Bentley, Kirsten / Lauder, Sarah N / Smart, Kathryn / Somerville, Michelle S / Rees, Tara / Stanton, Richard J / Gallimore, Awen / Hindley, James P / Godkin, Andrew

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5422

    Abstract: T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 are thought to protect against infection and development of COVID-19, but direct evidence for this is lacking. Here, we associated whole-blood-based measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ-positive T cell responses ...

    Abstract T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 are thought to protect against infection and development of COVID-19, but direct evidence for this is lacking. Here, we associated whole-blood-based measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ-positive T cell responses with positive COVID-19 diagnostic (PCR and/or lateral flow) test results up to 6 months post-blood sampling. Amongst 148 participants donating venous blood samples, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response magnitude is significantly greater in those who remain protected versus those who become infected (P < 0.0001); relatively low magnitude T cell response results in a 43.2% risk of infection, whereas high magnitude reduces this risk to 5.4%. These findings are recapitulated in a further 299 participants testing a scalable capillary blood-based assay that could facilitate the acquisition of population-scale T cell immunity data (14.9% and 4.4%, respectively). Hence, measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells can prognosticate infection risk and should be assessed when monitoring individual and population immunity status.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; T-Lymphocytes
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-32985-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Podoplanin lymphatic density and invasion correlate with adverse clinicopathologic and biological factors and survival in neuroblastomas.

    Ramani, Pramila / Somerville, Michelle S / May, Margaret T

    The American journal of surgical pathology

    2012  Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 908–915

    Abstract: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a challenging problem in oncology, as the majority of patients have lymphatic and/or hematogenous metastases at diagnosis. We investigated the prognostic significance of lymphatic density (LD) and invasion (LI) in NBs using the ... ...

    Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is a challenging problem in oncology, as the majority of patients have lymphatic and/or hematogenous metastases at diagnosis. We investigated the prognostic significance of lymphatic density (LD) and invasion (LI) in NBs using the lymphatic endothelial marker podoplanin (PDPN). A total of 77 neuroblastic tumors and 9 ganglioneuromas (GNs) were immunostained for PDPN using D2-40 antibody. Intratumoral lymphatics were identified in 87% (67/77) of NBs and 7/9 GNs. The LD counts were significantly higher (P<0.01) in NBs (median=19.6, range=0.00 to 89.3) than in GNs (median=10.2, range=0 to 18.7). LI, assessed in D2-40-stained lymphatics, was present in 52/67 (78%) NBs. LDs were significantly higher in NBs from patients with adverse clinical factors (advanced-stage, high-risk group, primary abdominal compared with extra-abdominal sites), biological factors (MYCN amplification, 1p deletion, 17q gain), and distant lymph node metastases. LDs and LI were also significantly higher in NBs belonging to an unfavorable pathology prognostic group and in those with a high mitosis-karyorrhexis index. High LD and the presence of LI correlated with a shorter event-free survival in univariable analyses. High LD and the presence of LI were also associated with worse overall survival, although the association was less strong. In conclusion, increased LDs and the presence of LI correlated with adverse clinicopathologic and biological factors and survival. These findings suggest that PDPN has the potential to provide valuable prognostic information to clinicians for risk assessment in NBs.
    MeSH term(s) Abdominal Neoplasms/genetics ; Abdominal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Abdominal Neoplasms/mortality ; Abdominal Neoplasms/pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ganglioneuroma/genetics ; Ganglioneuroma/metabolism ; Ganglioneuroma/mortality ; Ganglioneuroma/pathology ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neuroblastoma/genetics ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Neuroblastoma/mortality ; Neuroblastoma/secondary ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor ; MYCN protein, human ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein ; Nuclear Proteins ; Oncogene Proteins ; PDPN protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752964-8
    ISSN 1532-0979 ; 0147-5185
    ISSN (online) 1532-0979
    ISSN 0147-5185
    DOI 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31824c0db9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Primary breast tumours but not lung metastases induce protective anti-tumour immune responses after Treg-depletion.

    Hughes, Ellyn / Lauder, Sarah N / Smart, Kathryn / Bloom, Anja / Scott, Jake / Jones, Emma / Somerville, Michelle / Browne, Molly / Blainey, Andrew / Godkin, Andrew / Ager, Ann / Gallimore, Awen

    Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII

    2020  Volume 69, Issue 10, Page(s) 2063–2073

    Abstract: Although metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths, tests of novel immunotherapies in mouse tumour models often focus on primary tumours without determining whether these therapies also target metastatic disease. This study ... ...

    Abstract Although metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths, tests of novel immunotherapies in mouse tumour models often focus on primary tumours without determining whether these therapies also target metastatic disease. This study examined the impact of depleting Foxp3
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Lung Neoplasms/immunology ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; Lymphocyte Depletion/methods ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy
    Chemical Substances Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Foxp3 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 195342-4
    ISSN 1432-0851 ; 0340-7004
    ISSN (online) 1432-0851
    ISSN 0340-7004
    DOI 10.1007/s00262-020-02603-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Galectin-3 Identifies a Subset of Macrophages With a Potential Beneficial Role in Atherosclerosis.

    Di Gregoli, Karina / Somerville, Michelle / Bianco, Rosaria / Thomas, Anita C / Frankow, Aleksandra / Newby, Andrew C / George, Sarah J / Jackson, Christopher L / Johnson, Jason L

    Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology

    2020  Volume 40, Issue 6, Page(s) 1491–1509

    Abstract: Objective: Galectin-3 (formerly known as Mac-2), encoded by the : Conclusions: This study reveals a prominent protective role for galectin-3 in regulating macrophage polarization and invasive capacity and, therefore, delaying plaque progression. ...

    Abstract Objective: Galectin-3 (formerly known as Mac-2), encoded by the
    Conclusions: This study reveals a prominent protective role for galectin-3 in regulating macrophage polarization and invasive capacity and, therefore, delaying plaque progression.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Atherosclerosis/pathology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Galectin 3/analysis ; Galectin 3/deficiency ; Galectin 3/physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology ; Macrophages/chemistry ; Macrophages/pathology ; Macrophages/physiology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 12/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Knockout, ApoE ; Middle Aged ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Galectin 3 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 (EC 3.4.24.65)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1221433-4
    ISSN 1524-4636 ; 1079-5642
    ISSN (online) 1524-4636
    ISSN 1079-5642
    DOI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314252
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: PROX1 lymphatic density correlates with adverse clinicopathological factors, lymph node metastases and survival in neuroblastomas.

    Ramani, Pramila / Norton, Aimie / Somerville, Michelle S / May, Margaret T

    Journal of neuro-oncology

    2012  Volume 108, Issue 3, Page(s) 375–383

    Abstract: Increased lymphatic density correlates with lymph node metastases and survival in some epithelial cancers. The transcription factor, Prospero-related homeobox-gene 1, PROX1, plays an important role in the differentiation and proliferation of the ... ...

    Abstract Increased lymphatic density correlates with lymph node metastases and survival in some epithelial cancers. The transcription factor, Prospero-related homeobox-gene 1, PROX1, plays an important role in the differentiation and proliferation of the lymphatic and nervous systems. We studied the clinicopathological significance of PROX1 expression in neuroblastomas (NBs) as the majority of patients have lymphatic and/or haematogenous metastases at diagnosis. PROX1-immunostained lymphatic vessels were present in 40/69 (58%) of NBs and 1/6 benign ganglioneuromas (GNs). Lymphatic density (LD) counts were significantly increased in NBs from patients with unfavourable clinical and pathological factors, and with distant lymph node metastases (LNM). Lymphatic invasion (LI) by tumoral emboli was present in 27/40 (68%) of NBs. A significantly higher proportion of LI was seen in undifferentiated/poorly-differentiated, (UD/PD) compared with differentiated NBs. LI was increased in NBs from patients with advanced-stage and high-risk group. Nuclear-PROX1 expression in tumoral cells was present in 35/69 (51%) NBs but was absent in all GNs. PROX1 expression was significantly higher in UD/PD compared with differentiated NBs. It was also higher in NBs with all adverse clinicopathological and biological variables. LI, PROX1 cellular expression and high LD correlated with a shorter overall survival and event-free survival (EFS). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the effect of LD on both OS and EFS was independent of mitosis-karyorrhexis index and MYCN amplification. Increased LD, LI and cellular expression correlated with adverse factors in NBs. Increased LD correlated with LNM suggesting that PROX1 contributes to neuroblastoma progression and lymphatic spread.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Progression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymph Nodes/metabolism ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Neuroblastoma/mortality ; Neuroblastoma/pathology ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor ; Homeodomain Proteins ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; prospero-related homeobox 1 protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604875-4
    ISSN 1573-7373 ; 0167-594X
    ISSN (online) 1573-7373
    ISSN 0167-594X
    DOI 10.1007/s11060-012-0838-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The Ussing chamber system for measuring intestinal permeability in health and disease.

    Thomson, Amanda / Smart, Kathryn / Somerville, Michelle S / Lauder, Sarah N / Appanna, Gautham / Horwood, James / Sunder Raj, Lawrence / Srivastava, Brijesh / Durai, Dharmaraj / Scurr, Martin J / Keita, Åsa V / Gallimore, Awen M / Godkin, Andrew

    BMC gastroenterology

    2019  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 98

    Abstract: Background: The relationship between intestinal epithelial integrity and the development of intestinal disease is of increasing interest. A reduction in mucosal integrity has been associated with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and potentially could ...

    Abstract Background: The relationship between intestinal epithelial integrity and the development of intestinal disease is of increasing interest. A reduction in mucosal integrity has been associated with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and potentially could have links with colorectal cancer development. The Ussing chamber system can be utilised as a valuable tool for measuring gut integrity. Here we describe step-by-step methodology required to measure intestinal permeability of both mouse and human colonic tissue samples ex vivo, using the latest equipment and software. This system can be modified to accommodate other tissues.
    Methods: An Ussing chamber was constructed and adapted to support both mouse and human tissue to measure intestinal permeability, using paracellular flux and electrical measurements. Two mouse models of intestinal inflammation (dextran sodium sulphate treatment and T regulatory cell depletion using C57BL/6-FoxP3
    Results: Distinct regional differences in permeability were consistently identified within mouse and healthy human colon. In particular, mice showed increased permeability in the mid colonic region. In humans the left colon is more permeable than the right. Furthermore, inflammatory conditions induced chemically or due to autoimmunity reduced intestinal integrity, validating the use of the system.
    Conclusions: The Ussing chamber has been used for many years to measure barrier function. However, a clear and informative methods paper describing the setup of modern equipment and step-by-step procedure to measure mouse and human intestinal permeability isn't available. The Ussing chamber system methodology we describe provides such detail to guide investigation of gut integrity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Colitis/chemically induced ; Colitis/metabolism ; Colon/metabolism ; Dextran Sulfate ; Electrodiagnosis/instrumentation ; Electrodiagnosis/methods ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Permeability
    Chemical Substances Dextran Sulfate (9042-14-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041351-8
    ISSN 1471-230X ; 1471-230X
    ISSN (online) 1471-230X
    ISSN 1471-230X
    DOI 10.1186/s12876-019-1002-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Enhanced antitumor immunity through sequential targeting of PI3Kδ and LAG3.

    Lauder, Sarah Nicol / Smart, Kathryn / Kersemans, Veerle / Allen, Danny / Scott, Jake / Pires, Ana / Milutinovic, Stefan / Somerville, Michelle / Smart, Sean / Kinchesh, Paul / Lopez-Guadamillas, Elena / Hughes, Ellyn / Jones, Emma / Scurr, Martin / Godkin, Andrew / Friedman, Lori S / Vanhaesebroeck, Bart / Gallimore, Awen

    Journal for immunotherapy of cancer

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background: Despite striking successes, immunotherapies aimed at increasing cancer-specific T cell responses are unsuccessful in most patients with cancer. Inactivating regulatory T cells (Treg) by inhibiting the PI3Kδ signaling enzyme has shown promise ...

    Abstract Background: Despite striking successes, immunotherapies aimed at increasing cancer-specific T cell responses are unsuccessful in most patients with cancer. Inactivating regulatory T cells (Treg) by inhibiting the PI3Kδ signaling enzyme has shown promise in preclinical models of tumor immunity and is currently being tested in early phase clinical trials in solid tumors.
    Methods: Mice bearing 4T1 mammary tumors were orally administered a PI3Kδ inhibitor (PI-3065) daily and tumor growth, survival and T cell infiltrate were analyzed in the tumor microenvironment. A second treatment schedule comprised PI3Kδ inhibitor with anti-LAG3 antibodies administered sequentially 10 days later.
    Results: As observed in human immunotherapy trials with other agents, immunomodulation by PI3Kδ-blockade led to 4T1 tumor regressor and non-regressor mice. Tumor infiltrating T cells in regressors were metabolically fitter than those in non-regressors, with significant enrichments of antigen-specific CD8
    Conclusions: These data indicate that LAG3 is a key bottleneck to successful PI3Kδ-targeted immunotherapy and provide a rationale for combining PI3Kδ/LAG3 blockade in future clinical studies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Mice ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
    Chemical Substances Antigens, CD ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.137) ; Pik3cd protein, mouse (EC 2.7.1.137) ; Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2719863-7
    ISSN 2051-1426 ; 2051-1426
    ISSN (online) 2051-1426
    ISSN 2051-1426
    DOI 10.1136/jitc-2020-000693
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Immune Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix Drives Loss of Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Rejection.

    Pires, Ana / Greenshields-Watson, Alexander / Jones, Emma / Smart, Kathryn / Lauder, Sarah N / Somerville, Michelle / Milutinovic, Stefan / Kendrick, Howard / Hindley, James P / French, Rhiannon / Smalley, Matthew J / Watkins, William J / Andrews, Robert / Godkin, Andrew / Gallimore, Awen

    Cancer immunology research

    2020  Volume 8, Issue 12, Page(s) 1520–1531

    Abstract: The nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences the ability of tumor-specific T cells to control tumor growth. In this study, we performed an unbiased comparison of the TME of regulatory T-cell (Treg)-replete and Treg-depleted carcinogen- ... ...

    Abstract The nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences the ability of tumor-specific T cells to control tumor growth. In this study, we performed an unbiased comparison of the TME of regulatory T-cell (Treg)-replete and Treg-depleted carcinogen-induced tumors, including Treg-depleted responding (regressing) and non-responding (growing) tumors. This analysis revealed an inverse relationship between extracellular matrix (ECM) and T-cell infiltrates where responding tumors were T-cell rich and ECM poor, whereas the converse was observed in non-responder tumors. For this reason, we hypothesized that the ECM acted as a barrier to successful T-cell infiltration and tumor rejection. However, further experiments revealed that this was not the case but instead showed that an effective T-cell response dramatically altered the density of ECM in the TME. Along with loss of ECM and high numbers of infiltrating T cells, responder tumors were distinguished by the development of lymphatic and blood vessel networks with specialized immune function. ECM-rich tumors exhibited a stem cell-like gene expression profile and superior tumor-initiating capacity, whereas such features were absent in responder tumors. Overall, these findings define an extended role for an effective immune response, not just in direct killing of tumor cells but in widescale remodeling of the TME to favor loss of ECM, elimination of cancer stem cells, and propagation of adaptive immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2732489-8
    ISSN 2326-6074 ; 2326-6066
    ISSN (online) 2326-6074
    ISSN 2326-6066
    DOI 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-20-0070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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