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Article: 'Sea-fan' neovascularization: Unusual presentation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Sood, Gitanjli / Samanta, Ramanuj

2023 Volume 157, Issue 1, Page(s) 110

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Anemia, Sickle Cell ; Diabetes Mellitus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390883-5
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
ISSN	0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
DOI	10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_3242_20
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Book ; Online: Instate

Dhingra, Atul / Sood, Gaurav

Predicting the State of Residence From Last Name

2023

Abstract: India has twenty-two official languages. Serving such a diverse language base is a challenge for survey statisticians, call center operators, software developers, and other such service providers. To help provide better services to different language ... ...

Abstract	India has twenty-two official languages. Serving such a diverse language base is a challenge for survey statisticians, call center operators, software developers, and other such service providers. To help provide better services to different language communities via better localization, we introduce a new machine learning model that predicts the language(s) that the user can speak from their name. Using nearly 438M records spanning 33 Indian states and 1.13M unique last names from the Indian Electoral Rolls Corpus (?), we build a character-level transformer-based machine-learning model that predicts the state of residence based on the last name. The model has a top-3 accuracy of 85.3% on unseen names. We map the states to languages using the Indian census to infer languages understood by the respondent. We provide open-source software that implements the method discussed in the paper.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Publishing date	2023-03-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Scaling ML Products At Startups

Dhingra, Atul / Sood, Gaurav

A Practitioner's Guide

2023

Abstract: How do you scale a machine learning product at a startup? In particular, how do you serve a greater volume, velocity, and variety of queries cost-effectively? We break down costs into variable costs-the cost of serving the model and performant-and fixed ... ...

Abstract	How do you scale a machine learning product at a startup? In particular, how do you serve a greater volume, velocity, and variety of queries cost-effectively? We break down costs into variable costs-the cost of serving the model and performant-and fixed costs-the cost of developing and training new models. We propose a framework for conceptualizing these costs, breaking them into finer categories, and limn ways to reduce costs. Lastly, since in our experience, the most expensive fixed cost of a machine learning system is the cost of identifying the root causes of failures and driving continuous improvement, we present a way to conceptualize the issues and share our methodology for the same.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Software Engineering
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Outbreaks in Health Care Settings.

Sood, Geeta / Perl, Trish M

Infectious disease clinics of North America

2021 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 631–666

Abstract: Outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks in health care settings are complex and should be evaluated systematically using epidemiologic and molecular tools. Outbreaks result from failures of infection prevention practices, inadequate staffing, and undertrained or ... ...

Abstract	Outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks in health care settings are complex and should be evaluated systematically using epidemiologic and molecular tools. Outbreaks result from failures of infection prevention practices, inadequate staffing, and undertrained or overcommitted health care personnel. Contaminated hands, equipment, supplies, water, ventilation systems, and environment may also contribute. Neonatal intensive care, endoscopy, oncology, and transplant units are areas at particular risk. Procedures, such as bronchoscopy and endoscopy, are sources of infection when cleaning and disinfection processes are inadequate. New types of equipment can be introduced and lead to contamination or equipment and medications can be contaminated at the manufacturing source.
MeSH term(s)	Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Disinfection ; Equipment Contamination/prevention & control ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection Control
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1077676-x
ISSN	1557-9824 ; 0891-5520
ISSN (online)	1557-9824
ISSN	0891-5520
DOI	10.1016/j.idc.2021.04.006
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Article ; Online: Correlation of morphological characteristics of staphyloma with the structural and functional outcomes of myopic traction maculopathy after macular buckle surgery.

Sood, Gitanjli / Susvar, Pradeep

Indian journal of ophthalmology

2021 Volume 69, Issue 6, Page(s) 1464–1468

Abstract: Purpose: To compare morphological features of staphyloma (type and grade) with structural and functional outcomes in 11 patients with symptomatic myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM) who underwent macular buckle surgery.: Methods: A retrospective ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare morphological features of staphyloma (type and grade) with structural and functional outcomes in 11 patients with symptomatic myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM) who underwent macular buckle surgery. Methods: A retrospective observational case series, where a chart review was conducted of the type (Curtin classification) and grade of staphyloma (USG B-scan based). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) macula analysis done preoperatively and postoperatively 1 and 6-8 weeks), Visual acuity was recorded in log mar. Results: With an average myopia of -10.35 D (-5 to -14.5 D), there were four patients with types II and IX staphyloma and seven with type I staphyloma. The average axial length was 28.6 ± 0.98 mm in type II/IX and 26.2 ± 0.8 mm in type I. Preoperative OCT features were outer retinal layer schisis (11), retinal detachment (foveal: 2, macular: 8), macular hole (lamellar: 3, full thickness: 4), and taut posterior hyaloid (3). Postoperatively, patients with type II/IX staphyloma had significant gain in visual acuity from 1.05 ± 0.3 to 0.74 ± 0.2 Log Mar. The structural features also responded better in patients with types II/IX staphyloma, with all patients having more than 90% reduction in schisis and retinal attachment at 6 weeks. Whereas only two patients with type I staphyloma had similar reduction in schisis at 6 weeks and only one had complete retinal attachment. Conclusion: In patients with MTM, the staphyloma characteristics preoperatively can help us prognosticate about structural and functional success after macular buckle surgery. In our small case series, patients with type II/IX staphyloma and larger axial length had better structural and functional outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Myopia, Degenerative/complications ; Myopia, Degenerative/diagnosis ; Retinal Perforations ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Traction
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-19
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/ijo.IJO_2600_20
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Book ; Online: QBF Merge Resolution is powerful but unnatural

Mahajan, Meena / Sood, Gaurav

2022

Abstract: The Merge Resolution proof system (M-Res) for QBFs, proposed by Beyersdorff et al. in 2019, explicitly builds partial strategies inside refutations. The original motivation for this approach was to overcome the limitations encountered in long-distance Q- ... ...

Abstract	The Merge Resolution proof system (M-Res) for QBFs, proposed by Beyersdorff et al. in 2019, explicitly builds partial strategies inside refutations. The original motivation for this approach was to overcome the limitations encountered in long-distance Q-Resolution proof system (LD-Q-Res), where the syntactic side-conditions, while prohibiting all unsound resolutions, also end up prohibiting some sound resolutions. However, while the advantage of M-Res over many other resolution-based QBF proof systems was already demonstrated, a comparison with LD-Q-Res itself had remained open. In this paper, we settle this question. We show that M-Res has an exponential advantage over not only LD-Q-Res, but even over LQU$^+$-Res and IRM, the most powerful among currently known resolution-based QBF proof systems. Combining this with results from Beyersdorff et al. 2020, we conclude that M-Res is incomparable with LQU-Res and LQU$^+$-Res. Our proof method reveals two additional and curious features about M-Res: (i) M-Res is not closed under restrictions, and is hence not a natural proof system, and (ii) weakening axiom clauses with existential variables provably yields an exponential advantage over M-Res without weakening. We further show that in the context of regular derivations, weakening axiom clauses with universal variables provably yields an exponential advantage over M-Res without weakening. These results suggest that M-Res is better used with weakening, though whether M-Res with weakening is closed under restrictions remains open. We note that even with weakening, M-Res continues to be simulated by eFrege $+$ $\forall$red (the simulation of ordinary M-Res was shown recently by Chew and Slivovsky).
Keywords	Computer Science - Computational Complexity ; Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Simultaneous bilateral inflammatory choroidal neovascularization in a case of healed serpiginous-like choroiditis.

Sood, Gitanjli / Samanta, Ramanuj / Kumawat, Devesh / Nishant, Prateek

GMS ophthalmology cases

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) Doc12

Abstract: Objective: Inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (i-CNV) is an infrequent but sight-threatening complication of posterior uveitis. Although it can occur in a wide range of infectious and non-infectious uveitides, presence of simultaneous bilateral i- ...

Abstract	Objective: Inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (i-CNV) is an infrequent but sight-threatening complication of posterior uveitis. Although it can occur in a wide range of infectious and non-infectious uveitides, presence of simultaneous bilateral i-CNV is rare. In this report, we present a unique case of bilateral simultaneous i-CNV in a young patient of healed tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis. Method: A 20-year-old male presented with recent worsening of vision in the right eye for one month. Fundus examination revealed bilateral multifocal healed choroiditis lesions with right eye tiny subfoveal hemorrhage raising the suspicion of an underlying choroidal neovascularization. Fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography confirmed presence of choroidal neovascular membrane in both eyes. Result: Resolution of activity was noted in both eyes after bilateral sequential intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Conclusion: Inflammatory choroidal neovascularization may be seen in patients with healed tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis, after a long period of quiescence. Simultaneous bilateral presentation is rare but possible, requiring mandatory multimodal imaging of both eyes under high index of suspicion. Early institution of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor may salvage optimum vision in such a scenario.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2628607-5
ISSN	2193-1496 ; 2193-1496
ISSN (online)	2193-1496
ISSN	2193-1496
DOI	10.3205/oc000199
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Article ; Online: Vacuum rhexis - A novel capsulorhexis technique for white cataracts.

Mahajan, Sandeep / Sood, Gitanjli / Garg, Ravi

Indian journal of ophthalmology

2022 Volume 70, Issue 11, Page(s) 4043–4046

Abstract: Capsulorhexis in white intumescent cataract is often associated with extension leading to radial tears or biradial extension "Argentinian flag sign" and associated complications. We describe a novel technique of managing this situation. Vacuum rhexis is ... ...

Abstract	Capsulorhexis in white intumescent cataract is often associated with extension leading to radial tears or biradial extension "Argentinian flag sign" and associated complications. We describe a novel technique of managing this situation. Vacuum rhexis is performed with a 24 G bent cannula attached to a 10-ml syringe. The flap is lifted and then caught using 24 G cannula. The suction is manually controlled by the surgeon, and the rhexis is completed using circumferential movement. The chamber stability is well maintained as there is no leakage, and the bent tip gives excellent fulcrum for movement. The advantage of this technique is that a single port is used for maintaining the chamber stability and it needs no special surgical instruments. Vacuum rhexis is a novel surgical technique used for performing successful continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of adequate size in white and intumescent cataracts, with a consistent and predictable outcome.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Capsulorhexis/methods ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery ; Vacuum ; Cataract ; Suction ; Phacoemulsification/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-29
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/ijo.IJO_1631_22
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Article ; Online: Post-traumatic posterior giant retinal tear and macular hole associated retinal detachment.

Samanta, Ramanuj / Jayaraj, Sreeram / Sood, Gitanjli / Agrawal, Ajai

Indian journal of ophthalmology

2022 Volume 70, Issue 5, Page(s) 1869

Abstract: Background: Blunt trauma to the eye can present with varied manifestations involving both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Giant retinal tear (GRT) following trauma occurs most commonly at the equatorial region or anterior to the equator. ...

Abstract	Background: Blunt trauma to the eye can present with varied manifestations involving both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Giant retinal tear (GRT) following trauma occurs most commonly at the equatorial region or anterior to the equator. GRT posterior to the equator is rare. Purpose: To demonstrate the successful management of a post-traumatic posterior GRT and full-thickness macular hole (MH) associated retinal detachment (RD). Synposis: A 21-year-old-male presented with sudden diminution of vision in the right eye (RE) following blunt-trauma with cricket ball. RE vision at presentation was hand movement close to face. Anterior segment of RE revealed pupillary sphincter tear, posterior synechiae and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). RE fundus revealed a posterior-GRT, full thickness MH, mild vitreous haemorrhage and rhegmatogenous RD. He was managed with pars plana vitrectomy, encircling scleral band, perfluorocarbon liquid-assisted flattening of GRT, internal limiting membrane peeling, and endotamponade. Post-operatively the retina was attached, MH was closed and the patient achieved an ambulatory vision of 1/60. Highlights: This video demonstrates the successful management of a posterior-GRT and MH associated RD. Removal of adherent hyaloid from the long anterior flap of posterior GRT, peeling of ILM from temporal narrow mobile strip of retina (which has a risk of radial extension of GRT edges) and manoeuvring in suboptimally dilated pupil are illustrated in this video. Video link: https://youtu.be/p04-_t0Wuuc.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Endotamponade ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Detachment/diagnosis ; Retinal Detachment/etiology ; Retinal Detachment/surgery ; Retinal Perforations/diagnosis ; Retinal Perforations/etiology ; Retinal Perforations/surgery ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-02
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	187392-1
ISSN	1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
ISSN (online)	1998-3689
ISSN	0301-4738
DOI	10.4103/ijo.IJO_1017_22
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Article ; Online: Clinical profile and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness of optic disc oedema patients at a tertiary care institute in North India.

Sood, Gitanjli / Samanta, Ramanuj / Kumawat, Devesh / Agrawal, Ajai / Singh, Anupam

Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology

2022 Volume 14, Page(s) 25158414211072634

Abstract: Background: Optic disc oedema (ODE) is an important manifestation in various ocular as well as systemic disorders. Measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in ODE patients may help in monitoring the progress of the disease and treatment ...

Abstract	Background: Optic disc oedema (ODE) is an important manifestation in various ocular as well as systemic disorders. Measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in ODE patients may help in monitoring the progress of the disease and treatment response. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics, aetiology and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) imaging features of optic disc oedema (ODE) patients. Design: A retrospective observational study. Methods: This hospital-based study included performed for patients presenting with unilateral or bilateral ODE at the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary institute between January 2019 and December 2019. Clinical features of all ODE patients were noted. RNFL thickness was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Results: Sixty-four patients with ODE were seen with female preponderance (56.2%). The mean age of presentation was 36.8 ± 13.8 years. Bilateral ODE was seen in 57.8% patients. The most common cause of bilateral ODE was idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and vascular papillopathy. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)-associated ODE was the most common unilateral presentation. Presenting visual acuity was best with IIH and worst with anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION). The mean duration of symptoms was maximum with intracranial space-occupying lesion associated papilloedema and minimum with AION. The mean RNFL thickness was highest in uveitis-associated ODE, followed by compressive ON, and IIH. A positive correlation was noted between clinical ODE severity and RNFL thickness. All aetiological categories (except uveitic and compressive) had maximum RNFL thickening in the inferior quadrant and minimum in the temporal quadrant. Conclusion: The current study provides a clinical profile and RNFL measurements of ODE patients at this locality. The clinical severity of ODE correlated positively with RNFL thickness and most of the categories of ODE followed the normative pattern of RNFL thickness (inferior > superior > nasal > temporal) despite thickening.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2515-8414
ISSN (online)	2515-8414
DOI	10.1177/25158414211072634
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