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Article ; Online: Frequency noise stabilisation of a 1550 nm external cavity diode laser with hybrid feedback for next generation gravitational wave interferometry.

Spencer, Andrew / Barr, Bryan / Bell, Angus / Briggs, Joseph / Minty, Andrew / Sorazu, Borja / Wright, Jennifer / Strain, Kenneth

Optics express

2022 Volume 30, Issue 13, Page(s) 22687–22699

Abstract: Longer wavelength lasers will be needed for future gravitational wave detectors that use cryogenic cooling of silicon based test-mass optics. Diode lasers with a 1550 nm wavelength output are potential seed light sources for such a detector, however ... ...

Abstract	Longer wavelength lasers will be needed for future gravitational wave detectors that use cryogenic cooling of silicon based test-mass optics. Diode lasers with a 1550 nm wavelength output are potential seed light sources for such a detector, however diode laser devices have a different spectral profile and higher frequency noise than the solid state lasers used in current detectors. We present a frequency stabilisation system for a 1550 nm external cavity diode laser capable of reducing the laser frequency noise to a level of 0.1HzHz up to 1 kHz with a unity gain frequency of 535 kHz using a hybrid analogue-digital servo with in-loop cancellation of resonant features. In addition, a method of high speed digital filter optimisation and automated design is demonstrated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.459474
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Characterization and evasion of backscattered light in the squeezed-light enhanced gravitational wave interferometer GEO 600.

Bergamin, Fabio / Lough, James / Schreiber, Emil / Grote, Hartmut / Mehmet, Moritz / Vahlbruch, Henning / Affeldt, Christoph / Andric, Tomislav / Bisht, Aparna / Brinkmann, Marc / Kringel, Volker / Lück, Harald / Mukund, Nikhil / Nadji, Severin / Sorazu, Borja / Strain, Kenneth / Weinert, Michael / Danzmann, Karsten

Optics express

2023 Volume 31, Issue 23, Page(s) 38443–38456

Abstract: Squeezed light is injected into the dark port of gravitational wave interferometers, in order to reduce the quantum noise. A fraction of the interferometer output light can reach the OPO due to sub-optimal isolation of the squeezing injection path. This ... ...

Abstract	Squeezed light is injected into the dark port of gravitational wave interferometers, in order to reduce the quantum noise. A fraction of the interferometer output light can reach the OPO due to sub-optimal isolation of the squeezing injection path. This backscattered light interacts with squeezed light generation process, introducing additional measurement noise. We present a theoretical description of the noise coupling mechanism and we prove the model with experimental results. We propose a control scheme to achieve a de-amplification of the backscattered light inside the OPO with a consequent reduction of the noise caused by it. The scheme was implemented at the GEO 600 detector and has proven to be crucial in maintaining a good level of quantum noise reduction of the interferometer for high parametric gain of the OPO. In particular, the mitigation of the backscattered light noise helped in reaching 6 dB of quantum noise reduction [Phys. Rev. Lett.126, 041102 (2021)10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.041102]. We show that the impact of backscattered-light-induced noise on the squeezing performance is phenomenologically equivalent to increased phase noise of the squeezing angle control. The results discussed in this paper provide a way for a more accurate estimation of the residual phase noise of the squeezed light field. Finally, the knowledge of the backscattered light noise coupling mechanism is a useful tool to inform the design of the squeezing injection path in terms of path stability and optical isolation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.497555
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: First Demonstration of 6 dB Quantum Noise Reduction in a Kilometer Scale Gravitational Wave Observatory.

Lough, James / Schreiber, Emil / Bergamin, Fabio / Grote, Hartmut / Mehmet, Moritz / Vahlbruch, Henning / Affeldt, Christoph / Brinkmann, Marc / Bisht, Aparna / Kringel, Volker / Lück, Harald / Mukund, Nikhil / Nadji, Severin / Sorazu, Borja / Strain, Kenneth / Weinert, Michael / Danzmann, Karsten

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 126, Issue 4, Page(s) 41102

Abstract: Photon shot noise, arising from the quantum-mechanical nature of the light, currently limits the sensitivity of all the gravitational wave observatories at frequencies above one kilohertz. We report a successful application of squeezed vacuum states of ... ...

Abstract	Photon shot noise, arising from the quantum-mechanical nature of the light, currently limits the sensitivity of all the gravitational wave observatories at frequencies above one kilohertz. We report a successful application of squeezed vacuum states of light at the GEO 600 observatory and demonstrate for the first time a reduction of quantum noise up to 6.03±0.02 dB in a kilometer scale interferometer. This is equivalent at high frequencies to increasing the laser power circulating in the interferometer by a factor of 4. Achieving this milestone, a key goal for the upgrades of the advanced detectors required a better understanding of the noise sources and losses and implementation of robust control schemes to mitigate their contributions. In particular, we address the optical losses from beam propagation, phase noise from the squeezing ellipse, and backscattered light from the squeezed light source. The expertise gained from this work carried out at GEO 600 provides insight toward the implementation of 10 dB of squeezing envisioned for third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.041102
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Article ; Online: Direct limits for scalar field dark matter from a gravitational-wave detector.

Nature

2021 Volume 600, Issue 7889, Page(s) 424–428

Abstract: The nature of dark matter remains unknown to date, although several candidate particles are being considered in a dynamically changing research ... ...

Abstract	The nature of dark matter remains unknown to date, although several candidate particles are being considered in a dynamically changing research landscape
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-021-04031-y
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Zs.A 26: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Optical modulation techniques for length sensing and control of optical cavities.

Barr, B W / Huttner, S H / Taylor, J R / Sorazu, B / Plissi, M V / Strain, K A

Applied optics

2007 Volume 46, Issue 31, Page(s) 7739–7745

Abstract: We present a discussion of the use of amplitude modulation techniques with regard to the length sensing and control of optical cavities for laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Traditional radio-frequency amplitude modulation techniques ... ...

Abstract	We present a discussion of the use of amplitude modulation techniques with regard to the length sensing and control of optical cavities for laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Traditional radio-frequency amplitude modulation techniques automatically include phase modulation as a product of the modulation process, which can contaminate the signal after demodulation. In particular, with many length-sensing and control schemes the detected signals are demodulated in quadrature, which, in the case of a traditional amplitude modulation scheme, will result in offsets due to the additional phase modulation. We demonstrate this effect using a simple optical cavity configuration and show that minor adjustments to the modulator system can be used to compensate for the extra modulation components and provide additional flexibility.
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1559-128X
ISSN	1559-128X
DOI	10.1364/ao.46.007739
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Article ; Online: Prospects for Detecting Gravitational Waves at 5 Hz with Ground-Based Detectors.

Yu, Hang / Martynov, Denis / Vitale, Salvatore / Evans, Matthew / Shoemaker, David / Barr, Bryan / Hammond, Giles / Hild, Stefan / Hough, James / Huttner, Sabina / Rowan, Sheila / Sorazu, Borja / Carbone, Ludovico / Freise, Andreas / Mow-Lowry, Conor / Dooley, Katherine L / Fulda, Paul / Grote, Hartmut / Sigg, Daniel

Physical review letters

2018 Volume 120, Issue 14, Page(s) 141102

Abstract: We propose an upgrade to Advanced LIGO (aLIGO), named LIGO-LF, that focuses on improving the sensitivity in the 5-30 Hz low-frequency band, and we explore the upgrade's astrophysical applications. We present a comprehensive study of the detector's ... ...

Abstract	We propose an upgrade to Advanced LIGO (aLIGO), named LIGO-LF, that focuses on improving the sensitivity in the 5-30 Hz low-frequency band, and we explore the upgrade's astrophysical applications. We present a comprehensive study of the detector's technical noises and show that with technologies currently under development, such as interferometrically sensed seismometers and balanced-homodyne readout, LIGO-LF can reach the fundamental limits set by quantum and thermal noises down to 5 Hz. These technologies are also directly applicable to the future generation of detectors. We go on to consider this upgrade's implications for the astrophysical output of an aLIGO-like detector. A single LIGO-LF can detect mergers of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) out to a redshift of z≃6 and would be sensitive to intermediate-mass black holes up to 2000 M_{⊙}. The detection rate of merging BHs will increase by a factor of 18 compared to aLIGO. Additionally, for a given source the chirp mass and total mass can be constrained 2 times better than aLIGO and the effective spin 3-5 times better than aLIGO. Furthermore, LIGO-LF enables the localization of coalescing binary neutron stars with an uncertainty solid angle 10 times smaller than that of aLIGO at 30 Hz and 4 times smaller when the entire signal is used. LIGO-LF also significantly enhances the probability of detecting other astrophysical phenomena including the tidal excitation of neutron star r modes and the gravitational memory effects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.141102
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Translational, rotational, and vibrational coupling into phase in diffractively coupled optical cavities.

Barr, B W / Edgar, M P / Nelson, J / Plissi, M V / Huttner, S H / Sorazu, B / Strain, K A / Burmeister, O / Britzger, M / Friedrich, D / Schnabel, R / Danzmann, K / Hallam, J / Freise, A / Clausnitzer, T / Brückner, F / Kley, E-B / Tünnermann, A

Optics letters

2011 Volume 36, Issue 14, Page(s) 2746–2748

Abstract: All-reflective optical systems are under consideration for future gravitational wave detector topologies. A key feature of these all-reflective systems is the use of Fabry-Perot cavities with diffraction gratings as input couplers; however, theory ... ...

Abstract	All-reflective optical systems are under consideration for future gravitational wave detector topologies. A key feature of these all-reflective systems is the use of Fabry-Perot cavities with diffraction gratings as input couplers; however, theory predicts and experiment has shown that translation of the grating surface across the incident laser light will introduce additional phase into the system. This translation can be induced through simple side-to-side motion of the coupler, yaw motion of the coupler around a central point (i.e., rotation about a vertical axis), and even via internal resonances (i.e., vibration) of the optical element. In this Letter we demonstrate on a prototype-scale suspended cavity that conventional cavity length-sensing techniques used to detect longitudinal changes along the cavity axis will also be sensitive to translational, rotational, and vibrational motion of the diffractive input coupler. We also experimentally verify the amplitude response and frequency dependency of the noise coupling as given by theory.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4794
ISSN (online)	1539-4794
DOI	10.1364/OL.36.002746
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Control of a velocity-sensitive audio-band quantum non-demolition interferometer

Leavey, S. S. / Danilishin, S. L. / Gläfke, A. / Barr, B. W. / Bell, A. S. / Gräf, C. / Hennig, J. -S. / Houston, E. A. / Huttner, S. H. / Lück, H. / Pascucci, D. / Somiya, K. / Sorazu, B. / Spencer, A. / Steinlechner, S. / Strain, K. A. / Wright, J. / Zhang, T. / Hild, S.

2016

Abstract: The Sagnac speed meter interferometer topology can potentially provide enhanced sensitivity to gravitational waves in the audio-band compared to equivalent Michelson interferometers. A challenge with the Sagnac speed meter interferometer arises from the ... ...

Abstract	The Sagnac speed meter interferometer topology can potentially provide enhanced sensitivity to gravitational waves in the audio-band compared to equivalent Michelson interferometers. A challenge with the Sagnac speed meter interferometer arises from the intrinsic lack of sensitivity at low frequencies where the velocity-proportional signal is smaller than the noise associated with the sensing of the signal. Using as an example the on-going proof-of-concept Sagnac speed meter experiment in Glasgow, we quantify the problem and present a solution involving the extraction of a small displacement-proportional signal. This displacement signal can be combined with the existing velocity signal to enhance low frequency sensitivity, and we derive optimal filters to accomplish this for different signal strengths. We show that the extraction of the displacement signal for low frequency control purposes can be performed without reducing significantly the quantum non-demolition character of this type of interferometer.
Keywords	General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Quantum Physics
Subject code	621
Publishing date	2016-03-24
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Waveguide grating mirror in a fully suspended 10 meter Fabry-Perot cavity

Friedrich, D. / Barr, B.W. / Brückner, F. / Hild, S. / Nelson, J. / Macarthur, J. / Plissi, M.V. / Edgar, M.P. / Huttner, S.H. / Sorazu, B. / Kroker, S. / Britzger, M. / Kley, E.-B. / Danzmann, K. / Tünnermann, A. / Strain, K.A. / Schnabel, R.

2011

Abstract: We report on the first demonstration of a fully suspended 10m Fabry-Perot cavity incorporating a waveguide grating as the coupling mirror. The cavity was kept on resonance by reading out the length fluctuations via the Pound-Drever-Hall method and ... ...

Abstract	We report on the first demonstration of a fully suspended 10m Fabry-Perot cavity incorporating a waveguide grating as the coupling mirror. The cavity was kept on resonance by reading out the length fluctuations via the Pound-Drever-Hall method and employing feedback to the laser frequency. From the achieved finesse of 790 the grating reflectivity was determined to exceed 99:2% at the laser wavelength of 1064nm, which is in good agreement with rigorous simulations. Our waveguide grating design was based on tantala and fused silica and included a ~ 20nm thin etch stop layer made of Al2O3 that allowed us to define the grating depth accurately during the fabrication process. Demonstrating stable operation of a waveguide grating featuring high reflectivity in a suspended low-noise cavity, our work paves the way for the potential application of waveguide gratings as mirrors in high-precision interferometry, for instance in future gravitational wave observatories.
Keywords	620
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Waveguide grating mirror in a fully suspended 10 meter Fabry-Perot cavity

2011

Abstract: S.14955-14963 ... We report on the first demonstration of a fully suspended 10m Fabry-Perot cavity incorporating a waveguide grating as the coupling mirror. The cavity was kept on resonance by reading out the length fluctuations via the Pound-Drever-Hall ... ...

Abstract	S.14955-14963 We report on the first demonstration of a fully suspended 10m Fabry-Perot cavity incorporating a waveguide grating as the coupling mirror. The cavity was kept on resonance by reading out the length fluctuations via the Pound-Drever-Hall method and employing feedback to the laser frequency. From the achieved finesse of 790 the grating reflectivity was determined to exceed 99:2% at the laser wavelength of 1064nm, which is in good agreement with rigorous simulations. Our waveguide grating design was based on tantala and fused silica and included a ~ 20nm thin etch stop layer made of Al2O3 that allowed us to define the grating depth accurately during the fabrication process. Demonstrating stable operation of a waveguide grating featuring high reflectivity in a suspended low-noise cavity, our work paves the way for the potential application of waveguide gratings as mirrors in high-precision interferometry, for instance in future gravitational wave observatories. 19 Nr.16
Keywords	620 ; 621
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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