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  1. Article ; Online: Suited versus unsuited analog astronaut performance using the Aouda.X space suit simulator: the DELTA experiment of MARS2013.

    Soucek, Alexander / Ostkamp, Lutz / Paternesi, Roberta

    Astrobiology

    2015  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 283–290

    Abstract: Space suit simulators are used for extravehicular activities (EVAs) during Mars analog missions. Flight planning and EVA productivity require accurate time estimates of activities to be performed with such simulators, such as experiment execution or ... ...

    Abstract Space suit simulators are used for extravehicular activities (EVAs) during Mars analog missions. Flight planning and EVA productivity require accurate time estimates of activities to be performed with such simulators, such as experiment execution or traverse walking. We present a benchmarking methodology for the Aouda.X space suit simulator of the Austrian Space Forum. By measuring and comparing the times needed to perform a set of 10 test activities with and without Aouda.X, an average time delay was derived in the form of a multiplicative factor. This statistical value (a second-over-second time ratio) is 1.30 and shows that operations in Aouda.X take on average a third longer than the same operations without the suit. We also show that activities predominantly requiring fine motor skills are associated with larger time delays (between 1.17 and 1.59) than those requiring short-distance locomotion or short-term muscle strain (between 1.10 and 1.16). The results of the DELTA experiment performed during the MARS2013 field mission increase analog mission planning reliability and thus EVA efficiency and productivity when using Aouda.X.
    MeSH term(s) Astronauts ; Humans ; Space Flight ; Space Suits ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2047736-3
    ISSN 1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
    ISSN (online) 1557-8070
    ISSN 1531-1074
    DOI 10.1089/ast.2013.1067
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The AMADEE-18 Mars Analog Expedition in the Dhofar Region of Oman.

    Groemer, Gernot / Gruber, Sophie / Uebermasser, Stefan / Soucek, Alexander / Lalla, Emmanuel A / Lousada, Joao / Sams, Sebastian / Sejkora, Nina / Garnitschnig, Stefanie / Sattler, Birgit / Such, Pamela

    Astrobiology

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 11, Page(s) 1276–1286

    Abstract: From February 1 to 28, 2018, the Austrian Space Forum, in cooperation with the Oman Astronomical Society and research teams from 25 nations, conducted the AMADEE-18 mission, a human-robotic Mars expedition simulation in the Dhofar region in the Sultanate ...

    Abstract From February 1 to 28, 2018, the Austrian Space Forum, in cooperation with the Oman Astronomical Society and research teams from 25 nations, conducted the AMADEE-18 mission, a human-robotic Mars expedition simulation in the Dhofar region in the Sultanate of Oman. A carefully selected field crew, supported by a Mission Support Center in Innsbruck, Austria, conducted 19 experiments relevant to astrobiology, engineering disciplines, geoscience, operations research, and human factors. This expedition was the 12th in a series of analog missions that emulate selected aspects of the science expected for a human Mars mission, including the characterization of the (paleo)geological environment, human factors studies, and the search for biomarkers. In particular, an Exploration Cascade was deployed as a suggested workflow for coordinating the timing and location of the respective instruments and experiments. In validation of this workflow, the decision-making interaction between the field and the Mission Support Center was studied. This article introduces the AMADEE-18 mission and provides the mission-specific context for the other contributions of this special issue.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2047736-3
    ISSN 1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
    ISSN (online) 1557-8070
    ISSN 1531-1074
    DOI 10.1089/ast.2019.2031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: The feasibility of laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation in microgravity during parabolic flight: a comparison of two techniques.

    Groemer, Gernot E / Brimacombe, Joseph / Haas, Thorsten / de Negueruela, Cristina / Soucek, Alexander / Thomsen, Michael / Keller, Christian

    Anesthesia and analgesia

    2005  Volume 101, Issue 5, Page(s) 1533–1535

    Abstract: We determined the feasibility of laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation (LG-TI) in microgravity obtained during parabolic flight and tested the hypothesis that LG-TI is similarly successful in the free-floating condition, with the patient's head gripped ...

    Abstract We determined the feasibility of laryngoscope-guided tracheal intubation (LG-TI) in microgravity obtained during parabolic flight and tested the hypothesis that LG-TI is similarly successful in the free-floating condition, with the patient's head gripped between the anesthesiologist's knees, as in the restrained condition, with the torso strapped to the surface. Three personnel with no experience in airway management or microgravity participated in the study. LG-TI of a sophisticated full-size manikin was attempted on seven occasions in each condition by each investigator after ground-based training. The parabolic flights, which took place in an Airbus 300 over the Atlantic Ocean, provided 23 s of microgravity. During this time, the investigator opened a box with airway equipment, performed LG-TI, and attached and held onto a self-inflating bag. The efficacy of ventilation was assessed during level flight by squeezing the bag and noting whether the manikin sensors indicated a tidal volume > or =300 mL. There were no differences in ventilation success (41% versus 33%) or time to successful insertion (both 18 s) between the free-floating and the restrained conditions. More than 90% of failures were caused by the inability to insert the tracheal tube within 23 s. There were no differences in performance among investigators. We conclude that LG-TI is feasible in microgravity obtained during parabolic flight, but the success rate is infrequent because of severe time restrictions. There were no differences in success rate between the free-floating condition, with the head gripped between the knees, and the restrained condition, with the torso strapped to the surface.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal/methods ; Laryngoscopes ; Male ; Space Flight ; Weightlessness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80032-6
    ISSN 1526-7598 ; 0003-2999
    ISSN (online) 1526-7598
    ISSN 0003-2999
    DOI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000181001.25777.53
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Field trial of a dual-wavelength fluorescent emission (L.I.F.E.) instrument and the Magma White rover during the MARS2013 Mars analog mission.

    Groemer, Gernot / Sattler, Birgit / Weisleitner, Klemens / Hunger, Lars / Kohstall, Christoph / Frisch, Albert / Józefowicz, Mateusz / Meszyński, Sebastian / Storrie-Lombardi, Michael / Bothe, Claudia / Boyd, Andrea / Dinkelaker, Aline / Dissertori, Markus / Fasching, David / Fischer, Monika / Föger, Daniel / Foresta, Luca / Frischauf, Norbert / Fritsch, Lukas /
    Fuchs, Harald / Gautsch, Christoph / Gerard, Stephan / Goetzloff, Linda / Gołebiowska, Izabella / Gorur, Paavan / Groemer, Gerhard / Groll, Petra / Haider, Christian / Haider, Olivia / Hauth, Eva / Hauth, Stefan / Hettrich, Sebastian / Jais, Wolfgang / Jones, Natalie / Taj-Eddine, Kamal / Karl, Alexander / Kauerhoff, Tilo / Khan, Muhammad Shadab / Kjeldsen, Andreas / Klauck, Jan / Losiak, Anna / Luger, Markus / Luger, Thomas / Luger, Ulrich / McArthur, Jane / Moser, Linda / Neuner, Julia / Orgel, Csilla / Ori, Gian Gabriele / Paternesi, Roberta / Peschier, Jarno / Pfeil, Isabella / Prock, Silvia / Radinger, Josef / Ragonig, Christoph / Ramirez, Barbara / Ramo, Wissam / Rampey, Mike / Sams, Arnold / Sams, Elisabeth / Sams, Sebastian / Sandu, Oana / Sans, Alejandra / Sansone, Petra / Scheer, Daniela / Schildhammer, Daniel / Scornet, Quentin / Sejkora, Nina / Soucek, Alexander / Stadler, Andrea / Stummer, Florian / Stumptner, Willibald / Taraba, Michael / Tlustos, Reinhard / Toferer, Ernst / Turetschek, Thomas / Winter, Egon / Zanella-Kux, Katja

    Astrobiology

    2014  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 391–405

    Abstract: Abstract We have developed a portable dual-wavelength laser fluorescence spectrometer as part of a multi-instrument optical probe to characterize mineral, organic, and microbial species in extreme environments. Operating at 405 and 532 nm, the instrument ...

    Abstract Abstract We have developed a portable dual-wavelength laser fluorescence spectrometer as part of a multi-instrument optical probe to characterize mineral, organic, and microbial species in extreme environments. Operating at 405 and 532 nm, the instrument was originally designed for use by human explorers to produce a laser-induced fluorescence emission (L.I.F.E.) spectral database of the mineral and organic molecules found in the microbial communities of Earth's cryosphere. Recently, our team had the opportunity to explore the strengths and limitations of the instrument when it was deployed on a remote-controlled Mars analog rover. In February 2013, the instrument was deployed on board the Magma White rover platform during the MARS2013 Mars analog field mission in the Kess Kess formation near Erfoud, Morocco. During these tests, we followed tele-science work flows pertinent to Mars surface missions in a simulated spaceflight environment. We report on the L.I.F.E. instrument setup, data processing, and performance during field trials. A pilot postmission laboratory analysis determined that rock samples acquired during the field mission exhibited a fluorescence signal from the Sun-exposed side characteristic of chlorophyll a following excitation at 405 nm. A weak fluorescence response to excitation at 532 nm may have originated from another microbial photosynthetic pigment, phycoerythrin, but final assignment awaits development of a comprehensive database of mineral and organic fluorescence spectra. No chlorophyll fluorescence signal was detected from the shaded underside of the samples.
    MeSH term(s) Mars ; Robotics/instrumentation ; Space Simulation ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/instrumentation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2047736-3
    ISSN 1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
    ISSN (online) 1557-8070
    ISSN 1531-1074
    DOI 10.1089/ast.2013.1081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A case for using ground-based thermal inertia measurements to detect Martian caves.

    Groemer, Gernot / Foresta, Luca / Turetschek, Thomas / Bothe, Claudia / Boyd, Andrea / Dinkelaker, Aline / Dissertori, Markus / Fasching, David / Fischer, Monika / Föger, Daniel / Frischauf, Norbert / Fritsch, Lukas / Fuchs, Harald / Gautsch, Christoph / Gerard, Stephan / Goetzloff, Linda / Gołebiowska, Izabella / Gorur, Paavan / Groemer, Gerhard /
    Groll, Petra / Haider, Christian / Haider, Olivia / Hauth, Eva / Hauth, Stefan / Hettrich, Sebastian / Jais, Wolfgang / Jones, Natalie / Taj-Eddine, Kamal / Karl, Alexander / Kauerhoff, Tilo / Khan, Muhammad Shadab / Kjeldsen, Andreas / Klauck, Jan / Losiak, Anna / Luger, Markus / Luger, Thomas / Luger, Ulrich / McArthur, Jane / Moser, Linda / Neuner, Julia / Orgel, Csilla / Ori, Gian Gabriele / Paternesi, Roberta / Peschier, Jarno / Pfeil, Isabella / Prock, Silvia / Radinger, Josef / Ragonig, Christoph / Ramirez, Barbara / Ramo, Wissam / Rampey, Mike / Sams, Arnold / Sams, Elisabeth / Sams, Sebastian / Sandu, Oana / Sans, Alejandra / Sansone, Petra / Scheer, Daniela / Schildhammer, Daniel / Scornet, Quentin / Sejkora, Nina / Soucek, Alexander / Stadler, Andrea / Stummer, Florian / Stumptner, Willibald / Taraba, Michael / Tlustos, Reinhard / Toferer, Ernst / Winter, Egon / Zanella-Kux, Katja

    Astrobiology

    2014  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 431–437

    Abstract: Martian caves are regarded as one of the most interesting locations in which to search for life on the planet. Data obtained during the MARS2013 expedition at Hamar Laghdad Ridge in the Tafilalt region of Morocco indicate that even small cavities can ... ...

    Abstract Martian caves are regarded as one of the most interesting locations in which to search for life on the planet. Data obtained during the MARS2013 expedition at Hamar Laghdad Ridge in the Tafilalt region of Morocco indicate that even small cavities can display thermal behavior that is characteristic for caves. For example, temperature in a cavity equaled 14°C±0.1°C before sunrise, which was higher than the temperature of the ambient air (10°C±0.1°C) and proximate rocks (9°C±0.1°C) at the same time. Within 30 min after sunrise, when the temperature of surrounding rocks corresponded to 15°C, this thermal relationship reversed. Measurements were conducted under simulated spaceflight conditions, including near-real-time interpretation of data that were acquired in a complex flight planning environment. We conclude that using ground-based thermal contrast measurements, in 7-14 μm band before and after sunset, is an effective method for Mars astronauts to identify caves, possibly superior to usage of space-based or ground-penetrating data.
    MeSH term(s) Caves ; Mars ; Space Simulation ; Temperature
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2047736-3
    ISSN 1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
    ISSN (online) 1557-8070
    ISSN 1531-1074
    DOI 10.1089/ast.2013.1063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The MARS2013 Mars analog mission.

    Groemer, Gernot / Soucek, Alexander / Frischauf, Norbert / Stumptner, Willibald / Ragonig, Christoph / Sams, Sebastian / Bartenstein, Thomas / Häuplik-Meusburger, Sandra / Petrova, Polina / Evetts, Simon / Sivenesan, Chan / Bothe, Claudia / Boyd, Andrea / Dinkelaker, Aline / Dissertori, Markus / Fasching, David / Fischer, Monika / Föger, Daniel / Foresta, Luca /
    Fritsch, Lukas / Fuchs, Harald / Gautsch, Christoph / Gerard, Stephan / Goetzloff, Linda / Gołebiowska, Izabella / Gorur, Paavan / Groemer, Gerhard / Groll, Petra / Haider, Christian / Haider, Olivia / Hauth, Eva / Hauth, Stefan / Hettrich, Sebastian / Jais, Wolfgang / Jones, Natalie / Taj-Eddine, Kamal / Karl, Alexander / Kauerhoff, Tilo / Khan, Muhammad Shadab / Kjeldsen, Andreas / Klauck, Jan / Losiak, Anna / Luger, Markus / Luger, Thomas / Luger, Ulrich / McArthur, Jane / Moser, Linda / Neuner, Julia / Orgel, Csilla / Ori, Gian Gabriele / Paternesi, Roberta / Peschier, Jarno / Pfeil, Isabella / Prock, Silvia / Radinger, Josef / Ramirez, Barbara / Ramo, Wissam / Rampey, Mike / Sams, Arnold / Sams, Elisabeth / Sandu, Oana / Sans, Alejandra / Sansone, Petra / Scheer, Daniela / Schildhammer, Daniel / Scornet, Quentin / Sejkora, Nina / Stadler, Andrea / Stummer, Florian / Taraba, Michael / Tlustos, Reinhard / Toferer, Ernst / Turetschek, Thomas / Winter, Egon / Zanella-Kux, Katja

    Astrobiology

    2014  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 360–376

    Abstract: We report on the MARS2013 mission, a 4-week Mars analog field test in the northern Sahara. Nineteen experiments were conducted by a field crew in Morocco under simulated martian surface exploration conditions, supervised by a Mission Support Center in ... ...

    Abstract We report on the MARS2013 mission, a 4-week Mars analog field test in the northern Sahara. Nineteen experiments were conducted by a field crew in Morocco under simulated martian surface exploration conditions, supervised by a Mission Support Center in Innsbruck, Austria. A Remote Science Support team analyzed field data in near real time, providing planning input for the management of a complex system of field assets; two advanced space suit simulators, four robotic vehicles, an emergency shelter, and a stationary sensor platform in a realistic work flow were coordinated by a Flight Control Team. A dedicated flight planning group, external control centers for rover tele-operations, and a biomedical monitoring team supported the field operations. A 10 min satellite communication delay and other limitations pertinent to human planetary surface activities were introduced. The fields of research for the experiments were geology, human factors, astrobiology, robotics, tele-science, exploration, and operations research. This paper provides an overview of the geological context and environmental conditions of the test site and the mission architecture, in particular the communication infrastructure emulating the signal travel time between Earth and Mars. We report on the operational work flows and the experiments conducted, including a deployable shelter prototype for multiple-day extravehicular activities and contingency situations.
    MeSH term(s) Emergency Shelter ; Humans ; Mars ; Morocco ; Research ; Space Simulation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2047736-3
    ISSN 1557-8070 ; 1531-1074
    ISSN (online) 1557-8070
    ISSN 1531-1074
    DOI 10.1089/ast.2013.1062
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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