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Article ; Online: Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (B Virus) Infection in Humans, Japan, 2019

Souichi Yamada / Harutaka Katano / Yuko Sato / Tadaki Suzuki / Akihiko Uda / Keita Ishijima / Motoi Suzuki / Daigo Yamada / Shizuko Harada / Hitomi Kinoshita / Phu Hoang Anh Nguyen / Hideki Ebihara / Ken Maeda / Masayuki Saijo / Shuetsu Fukushi

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 30, Iss 1, Pp 177-

2024 Volume 179

Abstract: Two human patients with Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 infection were identified in Japan in 2019. Both patients had worked at the same company, which had a macaque facility. The rhesus-genotype B virus genome was detected in cerebrospinal fluid samples ... ...

Abstract	Two human patients with Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 infection were identified in Japan in 2019. Both patients had worked at the same company, which had a macaque facility. The rhesus-genotype B virus genome was detected in cerebrospinal fluid samples from both patients.
Keywords	Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 ; B virus ; viruses ; zoonoses ; Japan ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Non-Omicron breakthrough infection with higher viral load and longer vaccination-infection interval improves SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 neutralization

Sho Miyamoto / Takeshi Arashiro / Akira Ueno / Takayuki Kanno / Shinji Saito / Harutaka Katano / Shun Iida / Akira Ainai / Seiya Ozono / Takuya Hemmi / Yuichiro Hirata / Saya Moriyama / Ryutaro Kotaki / Hitomi Kinoshita / Souichi Yamada / Masaharu Shinkai / Shuetsu Fukushi / Yoshimasa Takahashi / Tadaki Suzuki

iScience, Vol 26, Iss 2, Pp 105969- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Summary: The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in ... ...

Abstract	Summary: The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines.
Keywords	Immunology ; Immune response ; Virology ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Roles of GP33, a guinea pig cytomegalovirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor homolog, in cellular signaling, viral growth and inflammation in vitro and in vivo.

Miei Takeda / Shinji Watanabe / Harutaka Katano / Kazuma Noguchi / Yuko Sato / Sayaka Kojima / Takuya Miura / Ryuichi Majima / Souichi Yamada / Naoki Inoue

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 14, Iss 12, p e

2018 Volume 1007487

Abstract: Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) encode cellular homologs to evade host immune functions. In this study, we analyzed the roles of GP33, a guinea pig CMV (GPCMV)-encoded G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) homolog, in cellular signaling, viral growth and ... ...

Abstract	Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) encode cellular homologs to evade host immune functions. In this study, we analyzed the roles of GP33, a guinea pig CMV (GPCMV)-encoded G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) homolog, in cellular signaling, viral growth and pathogenesis. The cDNA structure of GP33 was determined by RACE. The effects of GP33 on some signaling pathways were analyzed in transient transfection assays. The redET two-step recombination system for a BAC containing the GPCMV genome was used to construct a mutant GPCMV containing an early stop codon in the GP33 gene (Δ33) and a rescued GPCMV (r33). We found the following: 1) GP33 activated the CRE- and NFAT-, but not the NFκB-mediated signaling pathway. 2) GP33 was dispensable for infection in tissue cultures and in normal animals. 3) In pregnant animals, viral loads of r33 in the livers, lungs, spleens, and placentas at 6 days post-infection were higher than those of Δ33, although the viruses were cleared by 3 weeks post-infection. 4) The presence of GP33 was associated with frequent lesions, including alveolar hemorrhage in the lungs, and inflammation in the lungs, livers, and spleens of the dams. Our findings suggest that GP33 has critical roles in the pathogenesis of GPCMV during pregnancy. We hypothesize that GP33-mediated signaling activates cytokine secretion from the infected cells, which results in inflammation in some of the maternal organs and the placentas. Alternatively, GP33 may facilitate transient inflammation that is induced by the chemokine network specific to the pregnancy.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Association between sensitivity of viral thymidine kinase-associated acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 and virulence

Omura, Natsumi / Hikaru Fujii / Tomoki Yoshikawa / Souichi Yamada / Shizuko Harada / Takuya Inagaki / Miho Shibamura / Haruko Takeyama / Masayuki Saijo

Virology journal. 2017 Dec., v. 14, no. 1

2017

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acyclovir (ACV)-resistant (ACVr) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections are concern in immunocompromised patients. Most clinical ACVr HSV-1 isolates have mutations in the viral thymidine kinase (vTK) genes. The vTK-associated ACVr HSV- ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Acyclovir (ACV)-resistant (ACVr) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections are concern in immunocompromised patients. Most clinical ACVr HSV-1 isolates have mutations in the viral thymidine kinase (vTK) genes. The vTK-associated ACVr HSV-1 shows reduced virulence, but the association between the level of resistance and the virulence of the vTK-associated ACVr HSV-1 is still unclear. METHODS: The virulence in mice of 5 vTK-associated ACVr HSV-1 clones with a variety of ACV sensitivities, when inoculated through intracerebral and corneal routes, was evaluated in comparison with ACV-sensitive (ACVs) parent HSV-1 TAS. RESULTS: Although all the 5 ACVr HSV-1 clones and ACVs HSV-1 TAS showed a similar single-step growth capacity in vitro, the virulence of ACVr HSV-1 clones significantly decreased. A 50% lethal dose (LD₅₀) of each clone was closely correlated with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀), demonstrating that the higher the ACV-sensitvity, the the higher the virulence among the ACVr clones. One of the ACVr HSV-1 clones with a relatively low IC₅₀ value maintained similar virulence to that of the parent TAS. The infection in mice with ACVr HSV-1 due to a single amino acid substitution in vTK induced local diseases, keratitis and dermatitis, while vTK-deficient clone did not. CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant correlation between the virulence and susceptibility to ACV among ACVr HSV-1 clones was demonstrated.
Keywords	Human herpesvirus 1 ; amino acid substitution ; clones ; cornea ; dermatitis ; genes ; inhibitory concentration 50 ; keratitis ; lethal dose 50 ; mice ; patients ; thymidine kinase ; virulence
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 59.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ISSN	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-017-0728-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Application of next-generation sequencing to detect acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 variants at low frequency in thymidine kinase gene of the isolates recovered from patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Fujii, Hikaru / Hidekazu Nishimura / Masanori Tsuji / Masayuki Saijo / Miho Shibamura / Natsumi Omura / Satsuki Kakiuchi / Shizuko Harada / Shuichi Taniguchi / Souichi Yamada / Takuya Inagaki / Tomoki Yoshikawa

Journal of virological methods. 2018 Jan., v. 251

2018

Abstract: Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was applied to study the mode of emergence of acyclovir (ACV)-resistant (ACVr) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by quantitatively ... ...

Abstract	Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was applied to study the mode of emergence of acyclovir (ACV)-resistant (ACVr) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by quantitatively detecting mutations in the viral thymidine kinase (vTK) gene in the HSV-1 isolates recovered from HSCT patients. All of the mutations detected with the Sanger sequencing method in the vTK genes of HSV-1 isolates were also detected with the NGS assay. Furthermore, different mutations, which conferred ACV resistance and were not detected with the Sanger sequencing method, were also detected in a quantitative manner by using the NGS assay. The approach described here is applicable to studying the emergence process of vTK gene mutation-associated ACVr HSV-1 more in detail than the Sanger method. The NGS assay makes it possible to make a diagnosis of vTK gene mutation-associated ACVr HSV-1 infections at the early stage, which the ratio of ACVr HSV-1 is much lower than that of ACV-sensitive (ACVs) HSV-1.
Keywords	cell transplantation ; genes ; hematopoietic stem cells ; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing ; Human herpesvirus 1 ; mutation ; patients ; thymidine kinase
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-01
Size	p. 123-128.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.019
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain LC16m8-based vaccine for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e

2021 Volume 1008859

Abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by a species Dabie bandavirus (formerly SFTS virus [SFTSV]) is an emerging hemorrhagic infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate. One of the best strategies for preventing SFTS is to ... ...

Abstract	Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by a species Dabie bandavirus (formerly SFTS virus [SFTSV]) is an emerging hemorrhagic infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate. One of the best strategies for preventing SFTS is to develop a vaccine, which is expected to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. We applied a highly attenuated but still immunogenic vaccinia virus strain LC16m8 (m8) as a recombinant vaccine for SFTS. Recombinant m8s expressing SFTSV nucleoprotein (m8-N), envelope glycoprotein precursor (m8-GPC), and both N and GPC (m8-N+GPC) in the infected cells were generated. Both m8-GPC- and m8-N+GPC-infected cells were confirmed to produce SFTSV-like-particles (VLP) in vitro, and the N was incorporated in the VLP produced by the infection of cells with m8-N+GPC. Specific antibodies to SFTSV were induced in mice inoculated with each of the recombinant m8s, and the mice were fully protected from lethal challenge with SFTSV at both 103 TCID50 and 105 TCID50. In mice that had been immunized with vaccinia virus strain Lister in advance of m8-based SFTSV vaccine inoculation, protective immunity against the SFTSV challenge was also conferred. The pathological analysis revealed that mice immunized with m8-GPC or m8-N+GPC did not show any histopathological changes without any viral antigen-positive cells, whereas the control mice showed focal necrosis with inflammatory infiltration with SFTSV antigen-positive cells in tissues after SFTSV challenge. The passive serum transfer experiments revealed that sera collected from mice inoculated with m8-GPC or m8-N+GPC but not with m8-N conferred protective immunity against lethal SFTSV challenge in naïve mice. On the other hand, the depletion of CD8-positive cells in vivo did not abrogate the protective immunity conferred by m8-based SFTSV vaccines. Based on these results, the recombinant m8-GPC and m8-N+GPC were considered promising vaccine candidates for SFTS.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Construction and characterization of bacterial artificial chromosomes harboring the full-length genome of a highly attenuated vaccinia virus LC16m8.

Tomoki Yoshikawa / Hikaru Fujii / Akiko Okutani / Miho Shibamura / Natsumi Omura / Kazutaka Egawa / Hirofumi Kato / Takuya Inagaki / Shizuko Harada / Souichi Yamada / Shigeru Morikawa / Masayuki Saijo

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 2, p e

2018 Volume 0192725

Abstract: LC16m8 (m8), a highly attenuated vaccinia virus (VAC) strain, was developed as a smallpox vaccine, and its safety and immunogenicity have been confirmed. Here, we aimed to develop a system that recovers infectious m8 from a bacterial artificial ... ...

Abstract	LC16m8 (m8), a highly attenuated vaccinia virus (VAC) strain, was developed as a smallpox vaccine, and its safety and immunogenicity have been confirmed. Here, we aimed to develop a system that recovers infectious m8 from a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) that retains the full-length viral genomic DNA (m8-BAC system). The infectious virus was successfully recovered from a VAC-BAC plasmid, named pLC16m8-BAC. Furthermore, the bacterial replicon-free virus was generated by intramolecular homologous recombination and was successfully recovered from a modified VAC-BAC plasmid, named pLC16m8.8S-BAC. Also, the growth of the recovered virus was indistinguishable from that of authentic m8. The full genome sequence of the plasmid, which harbors identical inverted terminal repeats (ITR) to that of authentic m8, was determined by long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS). The ITR contains x 18 to 32 of the 70 and x 30 to 45 of 54 base pair tandem repeats, and the number of tandem repeats was different between the ITR left and right. Since the virus recovered from pLC16m8.8S-BAC was expected to retain the identical viral genome to that of m8, including the ITR, a reference-based alignment following a short-read NGS was performed to validate the sequence of the recovered virus. Based on the pattern of coverage depth in the ITR, no remarkable differences were observed between the virus and m8, and the other region was confirmed to be identical as well. In summary, this new system can recover the virus, which is geno- and phenotypically indistinguishable from authentic m8.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development of a recombinant replication-deficient rabies virus-based bivalent-vaccine against MERS-CoV and rabies virus and its humoral immunogenicity in mice.

Hirofumi Kato / Mutsuyo Takayama-Ito / Itoe Iizuka-Shiota / Shuetsu Fukushi / Guillermo Posadas-Herrera / Madoka Horiya / Masaaki Satoh / Tomoki Yoshikawa / Souichi Yamada / Shizuko Harada / Hikaru Fujii / Miho Shibamura / Takuya Inagaki / Kinjiro Morimoto / Masayuki Saijo / Chang-Kweng Lim

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e

2019 Volume 0223684

Abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus that causes severe disease with fatal outcomes; however, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific treatments against MERS-CoV. Here, we developed a novel bivalent ... ...

Abstract	Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus that causes severe disease with fatal outcomes; however, there are currently no approved vaccines or specific treatments against MERS-CoV. Here, we developed a novel bivalent vaccine against MERS-CoV and rabies virus (RV) using the replication-incompetent P-gene-deficient RV (RVΔP), which has been previously established as a promising and safe viral vector. MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein comprises S1 and S2 subunits, with the S1 subunit being a primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Recombinant RVΔP, which expresses S1 fused with transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains together with 14 amino acids from the ectodomains of the RV-glycoprotein (RV-G), was developed using a reverse genetics method and named RVΔP-MERS/S1. Following generation of RVΔP-MERS/S1 and RVΔP, our analysis revealed that they shared similar growth properties, with the expression of S1 in RVΔP-MERS/S1-infected cells confirmed by immunofluorescence and western blot, and the immunogenicity and pathogenicity evaluated using mouse infection experiments. We observed no rabies-associated signs or symptoms in mice inoculated with RVΔP-MERS/S1. Moreover, virus-specific neutralizing antibodies against both MERS-CoV and RV were induced in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with RVΔP-MERS/S1. These findings indicate that RVΔP-MERS/S1 is a promising and safe bivalent-vaccine candidate against both MERS-CoV and RV.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; covid19
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Effects of immunization of pregnant guinea pigs with guinea pig cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B on viral spread in the placenta

Hashimoto, Kaede / Harutaka Katano / Kohji Moriishi / Minami Kato / Naoki Inoue / Saki Fukuchi / Souichi Yamada / Toyofumi Yamaguchi / Yuko Sato

Vaccine. 2013 June 28, v. 31, no. 31

2013

Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital virus infection. Infection of guinea pigs with guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) can provide a useful model for the analysis of its pathogenesis as well as for the evaluation of vaccines. Although ... ...

Abstract	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital virus infection. Infection of guinea pigs with guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) can provide a useful model for the analysis of its pathogenesis as well as for the evaluation of vaccines. Although glycoprotein B (gB) vaccines have been reported to reduce the incidence and mortality of congenital infection in human clinical trials and guinea pig animal models, the mechanisms of protection remain unclear.To understand the gB vaccine protection mechanisms, we analyzed the spread of challenged viruses in the placentas and fetuses of guinea pig dams immunized with recombinant adenoviruses expressing GPCMV gB and β-galactosidase, rAd-gB and rAd-LacZ, respectively.Mean body weight of the fetuses in the dams immunized with rAd-LacZ followed by GPCMV challenge 3 weeks after immunization was 78% of that observed for dams immunized with rAd-gB. Under conditions in which congenital infection occurred in 75% of fetuses in rAd-LacZ-immunized dams, only 13% of fetuses in rAd-gB-immunized dams were congenitally infected. The placentas were infected less frequently in the gB-immunized animals. In the placentas of the rAd-LacZ- and rAd-gB-immunized animals, CMV early antigens were detected mainly in the spongiotrophoblast layer. Focal localization of viral antigens in the spongiotrophoblast layer suggests cell-to-cell viral spread in the placenta. In spite of a similar level of antibodies against gB and avidity indices among fetuses in each gB-immunized dam, congenital infection was sometimes observed in a littermate fetus. In such infected fetuses, CMV spread to most organs.Our results suggest that antibodies against gB protected against infection mainly at the interface of the placenta rather than from the placenta to the fetus. The development of strategies to block cell-to-cell viral spread in the placenta is, therefore, required for effective protection against congenital CMV infection.
Keywords	Adenoviridae ; animal models ; antibodies ; beta-galactosidase ; body weight ; Caviid herpesvirus 2 ; clinical trials ; Cytomegalovirus ; fetus ; glycoproteins ; guinea pigs ; human diseases ; immunization ; mortality ; pathogenesis ; placenta ; vaccines ; viral antigens ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-0628
Size	p. 3199-3205.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.078
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of upper respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients by virus isolation using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells

Tadaki Suzuki / Souichi Yamada / Shuetsu Fukushi / Hitomi Kinoshita / Makoto Ohnishi / Tsuguto Fujimoto / Masayuki Saijo / Ken Maeda / Nozomu Hanaoka / Naomi Nojiri / Ai Kawana-Tachikawa / Shigeru Kusagawa / Koichi Ishikawa / Shigeyoshi Harada / Saori Matsuoka / Tadashi Kikuchi / Sayuri Seki / Midori Nakamura-Hoshi / Shoji Miki /

Lucky Ronald Runtuwene / Nobuo Koizumi / Sunao Iyoda / Hideyuki Takahashi / Hidemasa Izumiya / Jiro Mitobe / Shouji Yamamoto / Masatomo Morita / Ken-ichi Lee / Ken Shimuta / Kyoko Saito / Masayoshi Fukasawa / Yasutaka Hoshino / Ken Miyazawa / Minoru Nagi / Chikako Shimokawa / Yasuyuki Morishima / Takashi Sakudoh / Yoshihiro Kaku / Chang Kweng Lim / Shigeru Tajima / Takahiro Maeki / Eri Nakayama / Satoshi Taniguchi / Motohiko Ogawa / Takanobu Kato / Hussein Hassan Aly / Kousho Wakae / Kento Fukano

BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 8, Iss

2021 Volume 1

Abstract: Background An outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-associated respiratory infectious diseases (COVID-19) emerged in 2019 and has spread rapidly in humans around the world. The demonstration of in vitro infectiousness of respiratory specimens is an ... ...

Abstract	Background An outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-associated respiratory infectious diseases (COVID-19) emerged in 2019 and has spread rapidly in humans around the world. The demonstration of in vitro infectiousness of respiratory specimens is an informative surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 transmission from patients with COVID-19; accordingly, viral isolation assays in cell culture are an important aspect of laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19.Methods We developed a simple and rapid protocol for isolating SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory specimens using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells, a cell line that is highly susceptible to the virus. We also investigated a correlation between isolation of SARS-CoV-2 and viral load detected by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) using N2 primer/probe set that has been developed for testing of COVID-19 in Japan.Results The SARS-CoV-2 isolation protocol did not require blind passage of inoculated cells and yielded the results of viral isolation within 7 days after inoculation. Specimens with cycle threshold (Ct) values of <20.2, determined by rRT-PCR, were predicted to be isolation-positive. On the other hand, 6.9% of specimens with Ct values >35 were virus isolation-positive, indicating that low viral loads (high Ct values) in upper respiratory specimens do not always indicate no risk of containing transmissible virus.Conclusion In combination with rRT-PCR, the SARS-CoV-2 isolation protocol provides a means for assessing the potential risk of transmissible virus in upper respiratory specimens.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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