Article ; Online: Iota-Carrageenan Inhibits Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the Respective Variants of Concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta.
International journal of molecular sciences
2021 Volume 22, Issue 24
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world and remains a major public health threat. Vaccine inefficiency, vaccination breakthroughs and lack of supply, especially in developing countries, as well as the fact that a non-negligible part of ...
| Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world and remains a major public health threat. Vaccine inefficiency, vaccination breakthroughs and lack of supply, especially in developing countries, as well as the fact that a non-negligible part of the population either refuse vaccination or cannot be vaccinated due to age, pre-existing illness or non-response to existing vaccines intensify this issue. This might also contribute to the emergence of new variants, being more efficiently transmitted, more virulent and more capable of escaping naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. Hence, the need of effective and viable prevention options to reduce viral transmission is of outmost importance. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effect of iota-, lambda- and kappa-carrageenan, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweed, on SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan type and the spreading variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. Carrageenans as part of broadly used nasal and mouth sprays as well as lozenges have the potential of first line defense to inhibit the infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we demonstrate by using a SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus particles (SSPL) system and patient-isolated SARS-CoV-2 VOCs to infect transgenic A549ACE2/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 human lung cells that all three carrageenan types exert antiviral activity. Iota-carrageenan exhibits antiviral activity with comparable IC |
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| MeSH term(s) | Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/pharmacology ; Carrageenan/pharmacology ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Vaccination/methods ; Vero Cells ; Virus Replication/drug effects |
| Chemical Substances | Antiviral Agents ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Polysaccharides ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Carrageenan (9000-07-1) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-12-08 |
| Publishing country | Switzerland |
| Document type | Journal Article |
| ZDB-ID | 2019364-6 |
| ISSN | 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596 |
| ISSN (online) | 1422-0067 |
| ISSN | 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijms222413202 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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