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Article ; Online: Heideggerian phenomenological hermeneutics: Working with the data.

Smythe, Elizabeth / Spence, Deb

Nursing philosophy : an international journal for healthcare professionals

2020 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) e12308

Abstract: It is one thing to read about the methodology and methods of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological research, the ontic description. It is quite another thing to be faced with an interview transcript. This article draws on a study that asked doctoral ... ...

Abstract	It is one thing to read about the methodology and methods of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological research, the ontic description. It is quite another thing to be faced with an interview transcript. This article draws on a study that asked doctoral students about their experience of doing such research. How did they become "phenomenological/hermeneutic" in their thinking and writing? What helped them to find their way? We offer this article as a means of letting others learn from our own experiences. We support our insights with the writings of Heidegger and Gadamer to show the methodological congruence that is essential to Heideggerian phenomenological hermeneutic research.
MeSH term(s)	Data Analysis ; Hermeneutics ; Humans ; Physicians/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; Research Design/trends ; Writing/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2029286-7
ISSN	1466-769X ; 1466-7681
ISSN (online)	1466-769X
ISSN	1466-7681
DOI	10.1111/nup.12308
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Article ; Online: Reading Heidegger.

Smythe, Elizabeth / Spence, Deb

Nursing philosophy : an international journal for healthcare professionals

2019 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) e12271

Abstract: Heidegger's philosophy is a significant contribution to understanding the meaning of lived experience. Recognizing this, nurses and other health professionals have taken on the research approach of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology. This requires ... ...

Abstract	Heidegger's philosophy is a significant contribution to understanding the meaning of lived experience. Recognizing this, nurses and other health professionals have taken on the research approach of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology. This requires reading the writing of Heidegger. Philosophers themselves acknowledge this writing is dense, difficult to grasp, uses language for which there is no easy translation, and leaves the reader with more questions than answers. Drawing on commentary from philosophers who seek to read Heidegger and from a research study which interviewed doctoral students who were "reading Heidegger," we seek to show the nature of the experience of pursuing such a challenging quest.
MeSH term(s)	Hermeneutics ; Humans ; Philosophy ; Reading
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2029286-7
ISSN	1466-769X ; 1466-7681
ISSN (online)	1466-769X
ISSN	1466-7681
DOI	10.1111/nup.12271
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Article ; Online: Humanitarian Nursing in Developing Countries: A Phenomenological Analysis.

Lal, Shane / Spence, Deb

Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society

2016 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 18–24

Abstract: Background: Surgical nursing within humanitarian contexts is complex, sporadically described in literature and little understood.: Aim: To achieve a deeper understanding of the lived experience of New Zealand nurses providing humanitarian aid within ... ...

Abstract	Background: Surgical nursing within humanitarian contexts is complex, sporadically described in literature and little understood. Aim: To achieve a deeper understanding of the lived experience of New Zealand nurses providing humanitarian aid within surgical settings and war zones in developing countries. Method: In-depth conversational interviews were undertaken with four New Zealand nurses whose humanitarian experience lay in general surgical, military, and intensive care settings. A qualitative descriptive method as described by Sandelowski, informed by van Manen's phenomenology in terms of analysis, was used. Results: Specialized knowledge and nursing expertise are recognized to be essential but not sufficient for humanitarian work. Understanding local cultures contributes to positive feelings about work effectiveness. Themes included feeling anxious and misunderstood, practicing differently, and adjusting to life back home. Discussion: This study highlights the need to better prepare nurses who volunteer for humanitarian work, with implications for recruiting organizations, educators, and clinicians.
MeSH term(s)	Altruism ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Models, Nursing ; Nursing Research ; Transcultural Nursing ; Warfare
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1291524-5
ISSN	1552-7832 ; 1043-6596
ISSN (online)	1552-7832
ISSN	1043-6596
DOI	10.1177/1043659614536585
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Article ; Online: Unsettling moods in rural midwifery practice.

Crowther, Susan / Smythe, Liz / Spence, Deb

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives

2018 Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) e59–e66

Abstract: Background: Rural midwifery and maternity care is vulnerable due to geographical isolation, staffing recruitment and retention. Highlighting the concerns within rural midwifery is important for safe sustainable service delivery.: Method: Hermeneutic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Rural midwifery and maternity care is vulnerable due to geographical isolation, staffing recruitment and retention. Highlighting the concerns within rural midwifery is important for safe sustainable service delivery. Method: Hermeneutic phenomenological study undertaken in New Zealand (NZ). 13 participants were recruited in rural regions through snowball technique and interviewed. Transcribed interview data was interpretively analysed. Findings are discussed through the use of philosophical notions and related published literature. Findings: Unsettling mood of anxiety was revealed in two themes (a) 'Moments of rural practice' as panicky moments; an emergency moment; the unexpected moment and (b) 'Feelings of being judged' as fearing criticism; fear of the unexpected happening to 'me' fear of losing my reputation; fear of feeling blamed; fear of being identified. Conclusions: Although the reality of rural maternity can be more challenging due to geographic location than urban areas this need not be a reason to further isolate these communities through negative judgement and decontextualized policy. Fear of what was happening now and something possibly happening in the future were part of the midwives' reality. The joy and delight of working rurally can become overshadowed by a tide of unsettling and disempowering fears. Implications: Positive images of rural midwifery need dissemination. It is essential that rural midwives and their communities are heard at all levels if their vulnerability is to be lessened and sustainable safe rural communities strengthened.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anxiety Disorders/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Midwifery/methods ; New Zealand ; Nurse Midwives/psychology ; Parturition/psychology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women/psychology ; Rural Population ; Stress, Psychological/complications ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2235085-8
ISSN	1878-1799 ; 1871-5192
ISSN (online)	1878-1799
ISSN	1871-5192
DOI	10.1016/j.wombi.2017.06.019
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Article: Crafting Stories in Hermeneutic Phenomenology Research: A Methodological Device.

Crowther, Susan / Ironside, Pam / Spence, Deb / Smythe, Liz

Qualitative health research

2017 Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 826–835

Abstract: Hermeneutic phenomenology, as a methodology, is not fixed. Inherent in its enactment are contested areas of practice such as how interview data are used and reported. Using philosophical notions drawn from hermeneutic phenomenological literature, we ... ...

Abstract	Hermeneutic phenomenology, as a methodology, is not fixed. Inherent in its enactment are contested areas of practice such as how interview data are used and reported. Using philosophical notions drawn from hermeneutic phenomenological literature, we argue that working with crafted stories is congruent with the philosophical underpinnings of this methodology. We consider how the practical ontic undertaking of story crafting from verbatim transcripts is integral with the interpretive process. We show how verbatim transcripts can be crafted into stories through examples taken from interview data. Our aim is to open dialogue with other hermeneutic phenomenological researchers and offer alternate possibilities to conventional ways of work with qualitative data. We argue that crafted stories can provide glimpses of phenomena that other forms of data analysis and presentation may leave hidden. We contend that crafted stories are an acceptable and trustworthy methodological device.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1275716-0
ISSN	1552-7557 ; 1049-7323
ISSN (online)	1552-7557
ISSN	1049-7323
DOI	10.1177/1049732316656161
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Article: Nursing people from cultures other than one's own: a perspective from New Zealand.

Spence, Deb

Contemporary nurse

2003 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 222–231

Abstract: Nursing a person from another culture is a dynamic, complex and tension-filled phenomenon. It is also always culturally and historically situated. This paper provides an overview of the evolving meaning of 'culture' in New Zealand nursing. Then, drawing ... ...

Abstract	Nursing a person from another culture is a dynamic, complex and tension-filled phenomenon. It is also always culturally and historically situated. This paper provides an overview of the evolving meaning of 'culture' in New Zealand nursing. Then, drawing upon the findings of research that used hermeneutic phenomenology to explore the experience of nursing people from cultures other than one's own, a description of the constituent parts is of this phenomenon is briefly outlined and followed by an exemplar that describes the coalescent and contradictory nature of the phenomenon as a whole. As New Zealand nurses negotiate the conflicts essential for ongoing development of their practice, interplay of the notions of prejudice, paradox and possibility is evident at intrapersonal and interpersonal levels as well as in relation to professional and other discourses.
MeSH term(s)	Cultural Diversity ; Humans ; New Zealand ; Prejudice ; Transcultural Nursing
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1491361-6
ISSN	1037-6178
ISSN	1037-6178
DOI	10.5172/conu.15.3.222
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Article ; Online: Patient advocacy by nurses - past, present and future.

Water, Tineke / Ford, Katrina / Spence, Deb / Rasmussen, Shayne

Contemporary nurse

2016 Volume 52, Issue 6, Page(s) 696–709

Abstract: Background: Patient advocacy is central to the nursing profession yet a sense of certainty about the concept, its meaning and its implications for nursing practice remains elusive.: Aim: This scholarly paper examines the concept of patient advocacy ... ...

Abstract	Background: Patient advocacy is central to the nursing profession yet a sense of certainty about the concept, its meaning and its implications for nursing practice remains elusive. Aim: This scholarly paper examines the concept of patient advocacy and its relevance to the nursing profession in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Design: A broad historical overview of the evolution of the role of advocacy in nursing practice is provided including factors that encourage or discourage nurses to practice patient advocacy. Conclusions: This paper highlights the gap between the ideal of patient advocacy and the realities of everyday nursing practice. The responsibility for enacting advocacy sits with both individual practitioners and the organizations nurses work within.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Forecasting ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; New Zealand ; Nurse's Role/history ; Nurse's Role/psychology ; Nursing Staff/psychology ; Patient Advocacy/history ; Patient Advocacy/trends ; Qualitative Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491361-6
ISSN	1839-3535 ; 1037-6178
ISSN (online)	1839-3535
ISSN	1037-6178
DOI	10.1080/10376178.2016.1235981
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Article: Hermeneutic notions augment cultural safety education.

Spence, Deb G

The Journal of nursing education

2005 Volume 44, Issue 9, Page(s) 409–414

Abstract: Nurses are beginning to demand educational approaches that confront racism, rather than teach cultural diversity. One example of the latter approach is the introduction of kawa whakaruruhau, or cultural safety, in nursing and midwifery education in New ... ...

Abstract	Nurses are beginning to demand educational approaches that confront racism, rather than teach cultural diversity. One example of the latter approach is the introduction of kawa whakaruruhau, or cultural safety, in nursing and midwifery education in New Zealand. In the nursing and midwifery context of kawa whakaruruhau, nurses and midwives recognize, respect, and nurture the unique cultural identity of New Zealand's indigenous people, the tangata whenua, and safely meets their needs, expectations, and rights. In this article, I integrate literature pertaining to the implementation of cultural safety with the findings of a hermeneutic project that described the experience of nursing people from cultures other than one's own, and argue that the Gadamerian notions of "horizon," "prejudice," and "play" can be used to facilitate understanding of the tensions and contradictions inherent in cross-cultural practice. In addition, I recommend strategies that enable students to explore the prejudices, paradoxes, and possibilities experienced personally and professionally. As Gadamer noted, the art is in seeing what is questionable. There is also art in knowing how to question in a manner that makes new understanding possible.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological ; Attitude of Health Personnel/ethnology ; Cultural Diversity ; Curriculum ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration ; England/ethnology ; Focus Groups ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Models, Nursing ; Models, Psychological ; New Zealand ; Nursing Education Research ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Nursing Staff/education ; Nursing Staff/psychology ; Oceanic Ancestry Group/ethnology ; Philosophy, Nursing ; Play and Playthings/psychology ; Prejudice ; Safety ; Samoa/ethnology ; Self Efficacy ; Singapore/ethnology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transcultural Nursing/education ; Transcultural Nursing/organization & administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410686-6
ISSN	0148-4834
ISSN	0148-4834
DOI	10.3928/01484834-20050901-05
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Article ; Online: Kairos time at the moment of birth.

Crowther, Susan / Smythe, Elizabeth / Spence, Deb

Midwifery

2015 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 451–457

Abstract: Background: there is something extraordinary in the lived experience of being there at the time of birth. Yet the meaning and significance of this special time, named Kairos time in this paper, have received little attention.: Aim: to describe the ... ...

Abstract	Background: there is something extraordinary in the lived experience of being there at the time of birth. Yet the meaning and significance of this special time, named Kairos time in this paper, have received little attention. Aim: to describe the lived-experience of Kairos time at birth and surface its meaning. Methodology: this is an interpretive hermeneutic phenomenology study informed by the writings of Heidegger and Gadamer. 14 in-depth interviews with mothers, birth partners, midwives and obstetricians were transcribed and stories from the data were hermeneutically analysed. Findings: there is a time, like no other, at the moment of birth that is widely known and valued. This paper reveals and names this phenomenon Kairos time. This is a felt-time that is lineal, process and cyclic time and more. Kairos time describes an existential temporal experience that is rich in significant sacred meaning; a time of emergent insight rarely spoken about in practice yet touches everyone present. The notion of Kairos time in relation to the moment of birth is introduced as a reminder of something significant that matters. Key conclusions: Kairos time is revealed as a moment in and beyond time. It has a temporal enigmatic mystery involving spiritual connectedness. Kairos time is a time of knowing and remembrance of our shared natality. In this time life is disclosed as extraordinary and beyond everyday personal and professional concerns. It is all this and more. Implications: Kairos time at birth is precious and powerful yet vulnerable. It needs to be safeguarded to ensure its presence continues to emerge. This means maternity care providers and others at birth need to shelter and protect Kairos time from the sometimes harsh realities of birth and the potentially insensitive ways of being there at the moments of birth. Those who find themselves at birth need to pause and allow the profundity of its meaning to surface and inspire their actions.
MeSH term(s)	Family/psychology ; Female ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Humans ; Mothers/psychology ; Parturition/psychology ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1036567-9
ISSN	1532-3099 ; 0266-6138
ISSN (online)	1532-3099
ISSN	0266-6138
DOI	10.1016/j.midw.2014.11.005
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Article ; Online: Mood and birth experience.

Crowther, Susan / Smythe, Liz / Spence, Deb

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives

2014 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–25

Abstract: Background: Those at the birth of a baby sometimes speak of the experience as significant and meaningful; an experience in which there is an atmosphere or mood that surrounds the occasion. This paper explores this mood, its recognition, disclosure and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Those at the birth of a baby sometimes speak of the experience as significant and meaningful; an experience in which there is an atmosphere or mood that surrounds the occasion. This paper explores this mood, its recognition, disclosure and how we attune or not to it. The paper is philosophically underpinned by hermeneutic phenomenology. The Heideggerian notion of "attunement to mood" is used to interpret this phenomenon. This paper describes how such a mood becomes visible. Methods: Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, 14 tape-recorded transcribed interviews, each about an hour long, were conducted over 8 months from mothers, birth partners, midwives and obstetricians. The stories crafted from these transcripts have been interpreted alongside my own preunderstandings and related literature. Appropriate ethical approval was gained. Findings: Analysis suggests that there is a positively construed mood of joy at birth that can be concealed when disrupted. Disturbing this mood has the effect of exposing the world of birth and its inherent activities and feelings revealing possible meanings inherent in the lived birth experiences. Disturbances at birth provide distinctions and tensions in which a concealed constitutive mood at birth can be seen. This paper provides insight towards a deeper appreciation into how the sacred joy of birth may be protected. Implications for practice: The way in which we attune to birth may have consequences to birth outcomes and to the experience of childbirth. The consequences of these findings for those in the world of birth are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Affect ; Female ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Labor, Obstetric/psychology ; Life Change Events ; Midwifery ; Mothers/psychology ; New Zealand ; Nurse Midwives ; Parturition/psychology ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2235085-8
ISSN	1878-1799 ; 1871-5192
ISSN (online)	1878-1799
ISSN	1871-5192
DOI	10.1016/j.wombi.2013.02.004
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