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  1. Article ; Online: Does drug decriminalization increase unintentional drug overdose deaths?: Early evidence from Oregon Measure 110.

    Spencer, Noah

    Journal of health economics

    2023  Volume 91, Page(s) 102798

    Abstract: This paper evaluates the causal effect of drug decriminalization on unintentional drug overdose deaths in a context with relatively poor access to drug treatment services. Using the synthetic control method, I find that when Oregon decriminalized small ... ...

    Abstract This paper evaluates the causal effect of drug decriminalization on unintentional drug overdose deaths in a context with relatively poor access to drug treatment services. Using the synthetic control method, I find that when Oregon decriminalized small amounts of drugs in February 2021, it caused 182 additional unintentional drug overdose deaths to occur in Oregon in 2021. This represents a 23% increase over the number of unintentional drug overdose deaths predicted if Oregon had not decriminalized drugs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Oregon/epidemiology ; Drug Overdose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 625797-5
    ISSN 1879-1646 ; 0167-6296
    ISSN (online) 1879-1646
    ISSN 0167-6296
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102798
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Nigel Spencer, director of fundraising for PDSA, responds.

    Spencer, Nigel

    The Veterinary record

    2020  Volume 187, Issue 8, Page(s) 322–323

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Fund Raising
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1136/vr.m3903
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Pneumothorax and Timing to Safe Air Travel.

    Kashtan, Harris W / Schulte, Spencer N / Connelly, Keelan S

    Aerospace medicine and human performance

    2024  Volume 95, Issue 2, Page(s) 113–117

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: ...

    Abstract INTRODUCTION:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Air Travel ; Pneumothorax
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809085-8
    ISSN 2375-6322 ; 2375-6314
    ISSN (online) 2375-6322
    ISSN 2375-6314
    DOI 10.3357/AMHP.6261.2024
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  4. Article: Did Inequalities in Mothers' and Children's Health and Well-Being in Japan Increase through the Pandemic? Evidence from Nationwide Surveys and Routinely Collected Data.

    Takeuchi, Hajime / Satoh, Yoichi / Raman, Shanti / Spencer, Nick

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: Marginalised families faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores inequalities in Japanese mothers' and children's health and well-being and family economic stability before and during the pandemic. Data sources were as ...

    Abstract Marginalised families faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores inequalities in Japanese mothers' and children's health and well-being and family economic stability before and during the pandemic. Data sources were as follows: nationwide surveys in 2019 and 2021 of families with children using medical institutions across Japan; infant mortality and adolescent suicide rates between 2018 and 2021 from publicly available sources. Outcomes by poor and non-poor families were compared for 2019 and 2021 using simple descriptive statistics. Poor mothers' part-time working increased from 41% to 61% and regular employment was reduced by two thirds. The well-being of poor mothers worsened from 39% to 55%. Employment opportunities and well-being did not change for non-poor mothers. School subsidies among poor families increased from 23% to 55%. The infant mortality rate (IMR) among unemployed families increased significantly from 12.9/1000 to 18.2/1000 between 2018 and 2021 compared with a decreasing overall IMR from 1.9/1000 to 1.7/1000. Suicide rates in 10-19-year-olds increased over the same period although no socio-economic indicators were available. Inequalities in mothers' and children's health and well-being indicators and family economics increased between 2019 to 2021 in Japan. This study cannot attribute causes but suggests a possible role of the pandemic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children11030330
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  5. Article ; Online: Climate crisis and child health inequity.

    Gauffin, Karl / Spencer, Nick

    BMJ paediatrics open

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 1

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Climate ; Health Inequities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2399-9772
    ISSN (online) 2399-9772
    DOI 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001357
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  6. Article ; Online: Factors that mediate the relationships between household socio-economic status and childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

    Markham, Wolfgang A / Spencer, Nicholas

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e0262988

    Abstract: Background: ADHD is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders among children and adolescents. Household socio-economic status (SES) in early childhood is inversely related to ADHD later in childhood or adolescence. We conducted a systematic ... ...

    Abstract Background: ADHD is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders among children and adolescents. Household socio-economic status (SES) in early childhood is inversely related to ADHD later in childhood or adolescence. We conducted a systematic review to examine psychological, social and behavioural factors that mediate these relationships (PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020182832).
    Methods and findings: We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFo, and Web of Science from inception until May 2020. Both authors independently reviewed abstracts and identified papers for inclusion. We sought primary observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional and case control studies) of general population-based samples of children and adolescents aged 18 and under that investigated potential mediators of the relationships between SES and ADHD. Studies based upon non-general population-based samples, twins or biochemical/physiological changes were excluded. Direct and indirect effects derived from standard validated mediation analysis were extracted for potential mediators. We assessed risk of bias using a modified NIH tool and synthesised quantitative data without meta-analysis according to the (SWiM) protocol because of heterogeneity between included studies. Family adversity, paternal and maternal ADHD symptoms, Home Learning Environment, breastfeeding duration and a combined fine motor and language score at age 2 may lie on the SES-ADHD pathway. Evidence concerning the influence of maternal depression/anxiety and adverse parenting was inconsistent across studies. There was no evidence that mother's health-related behaviour, family characteristics, child's consumption of fizzy drinks or other developmental characteristics at birth/during infancy lie on the SES-ADHD pathway. Publication bias may have been introduced by our decision not to search grey literature, not to approach study authors and limit the search to the English language.
    Conclusions: Evidence for mediation of the SES-ADHD pathway in childhood/adolescence is under-researched. Maternal mental health, family adversity, parenting and health-related behaviours warrant further research based on longitudinal data and employing the most advanced mediation analysis methods.
    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0262988
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  7. Article ; Online: Perceptions of Safety Around Use of Cannabis and Nicotine/Tobacco in Pregnancy.

    Jarlenski, Marian / Spencer, Noelle

    Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

    2022  Volume 65, Issue 2, Page(s) 319–333

    Abstract: The perceived safety of cannabis and nicotine/tobacco use contribute to use of these substances in pregnancy. We assessed time trends in self-reported perception of safety of use of cannabis and nicotine/tobacco among US women of reproductive age. We ... ...

    Abstract The perceived safety of cannabis and nicotine/tobacco use contribute to use of these substances in pregnancy. We assessed time trends in self-reported perception of safety of use of cannabis and nicotine/tobacco among US women of reproductive age. We also reviewed qualitative literature to elucidate factors contributing to the perceived safety of use of cannabis and nicotine/tobacco. US women increasingly perceive cannabis use as posing no health risks; whereas cigarette smoking is perceived as posing substantial health risks. Qualitative studies suggest that personal experiences, sociocultural norms, and environmental factors contribute to the perceived safety of cannabis and nicotine/tobacco use in pregnancy.
    MeSH term(s) Cannabis ; Cigarette Smoking ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Female ; Humans ; Nicotine/adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Nicotiana
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391207-3
    ISSN 1532-5520 ; 0009-9201
    ISSN (online) 1532-5520
    ISSN 0009-9201
    DOI 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000692
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  8. Article ; Online: Draft genome sequence of

    Spencer, Noah / Santee, Mathilda / Wetherhold, Adam / Rio, Rita V M

    Microbiology resource announcements

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) e0091223

    Abstract: The 0.719 Mb genome of the tsetse endosymbiont, ...

    Abstract The 0.719 Mb genome of the tsetse endosymbiont,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2576-098X
    ISSN (online) 2576-098X
    DOI 10.1128/mra.00912-23
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  9. Spencer, Nick / Warner, Georgina / Marchi, Jamile / Nejat, Sahar

    BMJ paediatrics open

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 1

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Caregivers ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Physical Therapy Modalities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2399-9772
    ISSN (online) 2399-9772
    DOI 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001604
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  10. Article ; Online: Renewing our commitment to protect children experiencing armed conflict.

    Oberg, Charles / Goldhagen, Jeffrey / Spencer, Nicholas

    Journal of paediatrics and child health

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 427–430

    Abstract: Civilian casualties from armed conflicts have increased, such that 90% of deaths from armed conflicts in the first decade of the 21st century have been civilians, a significant number of whom are children. The acute and chronic effects of armed conflict ... ...

    Abstract Civilian casualties from armed conflicts have increased, such that 90% of deaths from armed conflicts in the first decade of the 21st century have been civilians, a significant number of whom are children. The acute and chronic effects of armed conflict on child health and well-being are among the most significant children's rights violations of the 21st century. Children are increasingly exposed to armed conflict and targeted by governmental and non-governmental combatants. Despite International Human Rights and Humanitarian laws and multiple international declarations, conventions, treaties and courts, injury and death of children due to armed conflicts have worsened over the decades. It is critically important that a concerted effort be undertaken to address and rectify this issue. Toward this end, the Internal Society of Social Pediatrics and Chid Health (ISSOP) and others have called for a renewed commitment to children experiencing armed conflict with an immediate call to implement a new UN Humanitarian Response on Child Casualties in Armed Conflict.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Armed Conflicts ; Child Health ; Human Rights
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1024476-1
    ISSN 1440-1754 ; 1034-4810
    ISSN (online) 1440-1754
    ISSN 1034-4810
    DOI 10.1111/jpc.16367
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