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  1. Article ; Online: Phylogenetic placement of the protosteloid amoeba Microglomus paxillus identifies another case of sporocarpic fruiting in Discosea (Amoebozoa).

    Tice, Alexander K / Spiegel, Frederick W / Brown, Matthew W

    The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology

    2023  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) e12971

    Abstract: Protosteloid amoebae are a paraphyletic assemblage of amoeboid protists found exclusively in the eukaryotic assemblage Amoebozoa. These amoebae can facultatively form a dispersal structure known as a fruiting body, or more specifically, a sporocarp, from ...

    Abstract Protosteloid amoebae are a paraphyletic assemblage of amoeboid protists found exclusively in the eukaryotic assemblage Amoebozoa. These amoebae can facultatively form a dispersal structure known as a fruiting body, or more specifically, a sporocarp, from a single amoeboid cell. Sporocarps consist of one to a few spores atop a noncellular stalk. Protosteloid amoebae are known in two out of three well-established major assemblages of Amoebozoa. Amoebae with a protosteloid life cycle are known in the major Amoebozoa lineages Discosea and Evosea but not in Tubulinea. To date, only one genus, which is monotypic, lacks sequence data and, therefore, remains phylogenetically homeless. To further clarify the evolutionary milieu of sporocarpic fruiting we used single-cell transcriptomics to obtain data from individual sporocarps of isolates of the protosteloid amoeba Microglomus paxillus. Our phylogenomic analyses using 229 protein coding markers suggest that M. paxillus is a member of the Discosea lineage of Amoebozoa most closely related to Mycamoeba gemmipara. Due to the hypervariable nature of the SSU rRNA sequence we were unable to further resolve the phylogenetic position of M. paxillus in taxon rich datasets using only this marker. Regardless, our results widen the known distribution of sporocarpy in Discosea and stimulate the debate between a single or multiple origins of sporocarpic fruiting in Amoebozoa.
    MeSH term(s) Phylogeny ; Amoeba/genetics ; Amoebozoa/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Eukaryota
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1147218-2
    ISSN 1550-7408 ; 1066-5234
    ISSN (online) 1550-7408
    ISSN 1066-5234
    DOI 10.1111/jeu.12971
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  2. Article ; Online: Contractile vacuoles: a rapidly expanding (and occasionally diminishing?) understanding.

    More, Kiran J / Kaur, Harpreet / Simpson, Alastair G B / Spiegel, Frederick W / Dacks, Joel B

    European journal of protistology

    2024  Volume 94, Page(s) 126078

    Abstract: Osmoregulation is the homeostatic mechanism essential for the survival of organisms in hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic conditions. In freshwater or soil dwelling protists this is frequently achieved through the action of an osmoregulatory organelle, the ... ...

    Abstract Osmoregulation is the homeostatic mechanism essential for the survival of organisms in hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic conditions. In freshwater or soil dwelling protists this is frequently achieved through the action of an osmoregulatory organelle, the contractile vacuole. This endomembrane organelle responds to the osmotic challenges and compensates by collecting and expelling the excess water to maintain the cellular osmolarity. As compared with other endomembrane organelles, this organelle is underappreciated and under-studied. Here we review the reported presence or absence of contractile vacuoles across eukaryotic diversity, as well as the observed variability in the structure, function, and molecular machinery of this organelle. Our findings highlight the challenges and opportunities for constructing cellular and evolutionary models for this intriguing organelle.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2047872-0
    ISSN 1618-0429 ; 0932-4739
    ISSN (online) 1618-0429
    ISSN 0932-4739
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126078
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  3. Article ; Online: Phylogenetic placement of the protosteloid amoeba Microglomus paxillus identifies another case of sporocarpic fruiting in Discosea (Amoebozoa)

    Tice, Alexander K. / Spiegel, Frederick W. / Brown, Matthew W.

    Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 2023 , v. 70, no. 4 p.e12971-

    2023  

    Abstract: Protosteloid amoebae are a paraphyletic assemblage of amoeboid protists found exclusively in the eukaryotic assemblage Amoebozoa. These amoebae can facultatively form a dispersal structure known as a fruiting body, or more specifically, a sporocarp, from ...

    Abstract Protosteloid amoebae are a paraphyletic assemblage of amoeboid protists found exclusively in the eukaryotic assemblage Amoebozoa. These amoebae can facultatively form a dispersal structure known as a fruiting body, or more specifically, a sporocarp, from a single amoeboid cell. Sporocarps consist of one to a few spores atop a noncellular stalk. Protosteloid amoebae are known in two out of three well‐established major assemblages of Amoebozoa. Amoebae with a protosteloid life cycle are known in the major Amoebozoa lineages Discosea and Evosea but not in Tubulinea. To date, only one genus, which is monotypic, lacks sequence data and, therefore, remains phylogenetically homeless. To further clarify the evolutionary milieu of sporocarpic fruiting we used single‐cell transcriptomics to obtain data from individual sporocarps of isolates of the protosteloid amoeba Microglomus paxillus. Our phylogenomic analyses using 229 protein coding markers suggest that M. paxillus is a member of the Discosea lineage of Amoebozoa most closely related to Mycamoeba gemmipara. Due to the hypervariable nature of the SSU rRNA sequence we were unable to further resolve the phylogenetic position of M. paxillus in taxon rich datasets using only this marker. Regardless, our results widen the known distribution of sporocarpy in Discosea and stimulate the debate between a single or multiple origins of sporocarpic fruiting in Amoebozoa.
    Keywords Discosea ; Paxillus ; Tubulinea ; data collection ; fruiting bodies ; microbiology ; nucleotide sequences ; paraphyly ; protists ; transcriptomics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-07
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1147218-2
    ISSN 1550-7408 ; 1066-5234
    ISSN (online) 1550-7408
    ISSN 1066-5234
    DOI 10.1111/jeu.12971
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  4. Article ; Online: Evolution. Contemplating the first Plantae.

    Spiegel, Frederick W

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2012  Volume 335, Issue 6070, Page(s) 809–810

    MeSH term(s) Cyanophora/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Plant ; Photosynthesis/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.1218515
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Commentary on the chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms.

    Spiegel, Frederick W

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2011  Volume 278, Issue 1715, Page(s) 2096–2097

    MeSH term(s) Amoeba/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Reproduction, Asexual
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2011.0608
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  6. Article ; Online: Variation in the SSUrDNA of the Genus Protostelium Leads to a New Phylogenetic Understanding of the Genus and of the Species Concept for Protostelium mycophaga (Protosteliida, Amoebozoa).

    Shadwick, John D L / Silberman, Jeffery D / Spiegel, Frederick W

    The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology

    2017  Volume 65, Issue 3, Page(s) 331–344

    Abstract: Members of the genus Protostelium (including P. mycophaga, P. nocturnum, and P. okumukumu) are protosteloid amoebae commonly found in terrestrial habitats on dead plant matter. They, along with the closely allied nominal genus Planoprotostelium, ... ...

    Abstract Members of the genus Protostelium (including P. mycophaga, P. nocturnum, and P. okumukumu) are protosteloid amoebae commonly found in terrestrial habitats on dead plant matter. They, along with the closely allied nominal genus Planoprotostelium, containing the single species Pl. aurantium, all have an amoeboid trophic stage with acutely pointed subpseudopodia and orange lipid droplets in the granuloplasm. These amoebae form stalked fruiting bodies topped with a single, usually deciduous spore. The species are identified based on their fruiting body morphologies except for Pl. aurantium which looks similar to P. mycophaga in fruiting morphology, but has amoebae that can make flagella in liquid medium. We built phylogenetic trees using nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of 35 isolates from the genera Protostelium and Planoprotostelium and found that (1) the nonflagellated P. nocturnum and P. okumukumu branch basally in the genus Protostelium, (2) the flagellate, Pl. aurantium falls within the genus Protostelium in a monophyletic clade with the nominal variety, P. mycophaga var. crassipes, (3) the cultures initially identified as Protostelium mycophaga can be divided into at least three morphologically recognizable taxa, P. aurantium n. comb., P. apiculatum n. sp., and P. m. rodmani n. subsp., as well as a paraphyletic assemblage that includes the remainder of the P. mycophaga morphotype. These findings have implications for understanding the ecology, evolution, and diversity of these amoeboid organisms and for using these amoebae as models for other amoeboid groups.
    MeSH term(s) DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Flagella/physiology ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/classification ; Mycetozoa/classification ; Mycetozoa/genetics ; Mycetozoa/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Plants/microbiology
    Chemical Substances DNA, Ribosomal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1147218-2
    ISSN 1550-7408 ; 1066-5234
    ISSN (online) 1550-7408
    ISSN 1066-5234
    DOI 10.1111/jeu.12476
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  7. Article: Ecological distribution of protosteloid amoebae in New Zealand.

    Zahn, Geoffrey / Stephenson, Steven L / Spiegel, Frederick W

    PeerJ

    2014  Volume 2, Page(s) e296

    Abstract: During the period of March 2004 to December 2007, samples of aerial litter (dead but still attached plant parts) and ground litter (dead plant material on the ground) were collected from 81 study sites representing a wide range of latitudes (34°S to 50°S) ...

    Abstract During the period of March 2004 to December 2007, samples of aerial litter (dead but still attached plant parts) and ground litter (dead plant material on the ground) were collected from 81 study sites representing a wide range of latitudes (34°S to 50°S) and a variety of different types of habitats throughout New Zealand (including Stewart Island and the Auckland Islands). The objective was to survey the assemblages of protosteloid amoebae present in this region of the world. Twenty-nine described species of protosteloid amoebae were recorded by making morphological identifications of protosteloid amoebae fruiting bodies on cultured substrates. Of the species observed, Protostelium mycophaga was by far the most abundant and was found in more than half of all samples. Most species were found in fewer than 10% of the samples collected. Seven abundant or common species were found to display significantly increased likelihood for detection in aerial litter or ground litter microhabitats. There was some evidence of a general correlation between environmental factors - annual precipitation, elevation, and distance from the equator (latitude) - and the abundance and richness of protosteloid amoebae. An increase in each of these three factors correlated with a decrease in both abundance and richness. This study provides a thorough survey of the protosteloid amoebae present in New Zealand and adds to a growing body of evidence which suggests several correlations between their broad distributional patterns and environmental factors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.296
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  8. Article ; Online: A contemporary evaluation of the acrasids (Acrasidae, Heterolobosea, Excavata).

    Brown, Matthew W / Silberman, Jeffrey D / Spiegel, Frederick W

    European journal of protistology

    2012  Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 103–123

    Abstract: Sorocarpic protists are organisms that individually aggregate and work together to form a fungus-like fruiting body (sorocarp). The amoeboid forms are often colloquially referred to as "cellular slime molds" or "acrasids". We argue the latter term should ...

    Abstract Sorocarpic protists are organisms that individually aggregate and work together to form a fungus-like fruiting body (sorocarp). The amoeboid forms are often colloquially referred to as "cellular slime molds" or "acrasids". We argue the latter term should be used only to refer to members of Acrasidae in Heterolobosea. Here we study the diversity of two Acrasidae genera, Acrasis and the closely similar Pocheina, using a combination of morphological characteristics and small subunit rRNA gene sequences. A total of eight isolates of Acrasis and an example of Pocheina were examined. Acrasis/Pocheina form a well-supported monophyletic group that is the highly supported sister to a clade containing Allovahlkampfia and several other amoebae. Four molecular lineages of Acrasis were resolved, each of which is characterized by a distinctive fruiting body morphology. Each lineage represents a species, two of which are novel, Acrasis kona n. sp. and Acrasis takarsan n. sp. An isolate identified as Pocheina rosea is nested within the clade containing isolates of the taxon Acrasis rosea, into which P. rosea is tentatively subsumed. One member of the tightly knit allovahlkampfid clade was induced to form a simple sorocarp, leading us to include this clade in Acrasidae.
    MeSH term(s) Eukaryota/classification ; Eukaryota/cytology ; Eukaryota/genetics ; Eukaryota/isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Species Specificity
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2047872-0
    ISSN 1618-0429 ; 0932-4739
    ISSN (online) 1618-0429
    ISSN 0932-4739
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejop.2011.10.001
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  9. Article: Microhabitat and Climatic Preferences of Protosteloid Amoebae in a Region with a Mediterranean Climate

    Aguilar, María / Spiegel, Frederick W / Lado, Carlos

    Microbial ecology. 2011 Aug., v. 62, no. 2

    2011  

    Abstract: The role of microhabitat and climate variation in structuring protosteloid amoebae communities has been investigated for the first time in the Mediterranean Basin, a biodiversity hotspot for plants and animals and the largest of the world’s five areas ... ...

    Abstract The role of microhabitat and climate variation in structuring protosteloid amoebae communities has been investigated for the first time in the Mediterranean Basin, a biodiversity hotspot for plants and animals and the largest of the world’s five areas with a Mediterranean climate. Abundance data were obtained from natural substrates collected in 13 localities from central Spain, and a total of 1,504 colonies and 18 species were recorded. For this new area, it has been carried out an optimization of the culturing effort based on rarefaction analyses, thus making possible to adapt the protocol to the objectives in future research. Canonical correspondence analysis and generalized linear models showed that microhabitat type was the most important factor for differentiating the niches of the species studied, but climatic variables, especially minimum temperature of the coldest month, precipitation seasonality, and temperature range, had secondary but also important effects. Bark inhabitants tend to be more abundant in localities with high temperature range and low annual precipitation. Aerial litter was the microhabitat with the highest species richness, abundance, and evenness. Species typical of this microhabitat are more abundant when there is high precipitation, low temperature of the warmest month, and low minimum temperature of the coldest month.
    Keywords Amoeba ; Mediterranean climate ; animals ; atmospheric precipitation ; bark ; basins ; linear models ; microhabitats ; niches ; species diversity ; temperature ; Mediterranean region ; Spain
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-08
    Size p. 361-373.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1462065-0
    ISSN 1432-184X ; 0095-3628
    ISSN (online) 1432-184X
    ISSN 0095-3628
    DOI 10.1007/s00248-011-9843-6
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  10. Article ; Online: "Slime molds" among the Tubulinea (Amoebozoa): molecular systematics and taxonomy of Copromyxa.

    Brown, Matthew W / Silberman, Jeffrey D / Spiegel, Frederick W

    Protist

    2011  Volume 162, Issue 2, Page(s) 277–287

    Abstract: Copromyxa protea is a dung-inhabiting amoeboid organism that aggregates to form simple macroscopic fruiting structures, sorocarps, which are composed of a single cell type. In a recent effort to find the phylogenetic positions of the less well-known ... ...

    Abstract Copromyxa protea is a dung-inhabiting amoeboid organism that aggregates to form simple macroscopic fruiting structures, sorocarps, which are composed of a single cell type. In a recent effort to find the phylogenetic positions of the less well-known sorocarpic protists considered to be "cellular slime molds," or aggregatively fruiting amoebae, we isolated C. protea and sequenced the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from four samples collected from cattle farms in the central USA. Phylogenetic analyses of these data place C. protea in the eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa together with the Tubulinea, in which there has been no previous report of an aggregative fruiting habit. This is consistent with the morphology of the trophozoites. In fact, Copromyxa protea is found to be very closely related to Hartmannella cantabrigiensis and to a since lost amoeba isolate, Hartmannella sp. 4/3Da/10. This new grouping of Copromyxa+H. cantabrigiensis is sister to Glaeseria, which together are sister to the Amoebidae (Amoeba+Chaos). We suggest renaming, H. cantabrigiensis as C. cantabrigiensis and designate isolate 4/3Da/10 as C. protea. Future work is needed to see if these newly assigned members of the genus Copromyxa also show evidence of an ability to fruit.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle/parasitology ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Lobosea/classification ; Lobosea/genetics ; Lobosea/growth & development ; Lobosea/isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny
    Chemical Substances DNA, Protozoan ; DNA, Ribosomal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2036014-9
    ISSN 1618-0941 ; 1434-4610
    ISSN (online) 1618-0941
    ISSN 1434-4610
    DOI 10.1016/j.protis.2010.09.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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