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Book ; Online: Homo-Loggatus. The anthropological condition of historians in the digital world

Spina, Salvatore

2023

Abstract: Computerization has created a digital ecological niche where humans live in a state of interconnection that modifies their Epigenetics. Within this hyper-datafied virtual space, the logged-in agent enhances their intellectual and rational abilities, ... ...

Abstract	Computerization has created a digital ecological niche where humans live in a state of interconnection that modifies their Epigenetics. Within this hyper-datafied virtual space, the logged-in agent enhances their intellectual and rational abilities, giving rise to a new cognitive entity. Humans are evolving towards a new anthropological status that shifts the terms of the Digital History debate from History to the historian, compelling the latter to reflect on the positions of Fichte and Schelling regarding the mind-body-world relationship (ecological niche). This reflection leads to the possibility of overcoming the crisis of History imposed by presentism and the necessity of redefining the research methodology based on the new vision of the interconnection between the mind and the digital niche as an investigative tool.
Keywords	Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Publishing date	2023-07-05
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Biscari Network. Tutti gli uomini del principe

Spina, Salvatore

2023

Abstract: Thanks to its heterogeneity, the Biscari Archive, one of the most representative family's archives in Sicily, in a new digital historical study, became a valuable set of computable data that can lead historians to reconstruct the history of the city of ... ...

Abstract	Thanks to its heterogeneity, the Biscari Archive, one of the most representative family's archives in Sicily, in a new digital historical study, became a valuable set of computable data that can lead historians to reconstruct the history of the city of Catania and Sicily. Ignazio Paterno' Castello and his wife Anna, princes of Biscari, were the promoters of the city's reconstruction after the 1693 earthquake, both politically and culturally. How could the digital historical methodology fulfil the traditional Historiography gap about how this noble family built its mighty? As we know, Humanities cannot easily be encapsulated in a few understandable numbers and names. However, historians, boosting Artificial Intelligence, such as Transkribus, and applying Historical Networks Analysis could help computers infer computable meaning from the digitised historical primary source. The Turing Machine became the most powerful tool to help historians understand what happened in the Past and identify the actors in cities and places' cultural and political renewal. Comment: in Italian language
Keywords	Computer Science - Computers and Society
Subject code	900
Language	Italian
Publishing date	2023-12-11
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Insights into the pathogenesis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

Spina, Salvatore / Laws, Simon M

Neurology

2019 Volume 92, Issue 20, Page(s) 933–934

MeSH term(s)	Codon, Nonsense ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure
Chemical Substances	Codon, Nonsense
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000007495
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Article ; Online: Neuroimaging in Frontotemporal Dementia: Heterogeneity and Relationships with Underlying Neuropathology.

Peet, Bradley T / Spina, Salvatore / Mundada, Nidhi / La Joie, Renaud

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics

2021 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 728–752

Abstract: Frontotemporal dementia encompasses a group of clinical syndromes defined pathologically by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. Historically, these syndromes have been challenging to diagnose, with an average of about three years between the ... ...

Abstract	Frontotemporal dementia encompasses a group of clinical syndromes defined pathologically by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. Historically, these syndromes have been challenging to diagnose, with an average of about three years between the time of symptom onset and the initial evaluation and diagnosis. Research in the field of neuroimaging has revealed numerous biomarkers of the various frontotemporal dementia syndromes, which has provided clinicians with a method of narrowing the differential diagnosis and improving diagnostic accuracy. As such, neuroimaging is considered a core investigative tool in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, patterns of neurodegeneration correlate with the underlying neuropathological substrates of the frontotemporal dementia syndromes, which can aid clinicians in determining the underlying etiology and improve prognostication. This review explores the advancements in neuroimaging and discusses the phenotypic and pathologic features of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, and nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia, as seen on structural magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers/metabolism ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/metabolism ; Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnostic imaging ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics ; Frontotemporal Dementia/metabolism ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/trends ; Neuroimaging/trends ; Positron-Emission Tomography/trends ; tau Proteins/genetics ; tau Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; MAPT protein, human ; tau Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2316693-9
ISSN	1878-7479 ; 1933-7213
ISSN (online)	1878-7479
ISSN	1933-7213
DOI	10.1007/s13311-021-01101-x
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Article ; Online: Mutant tau and stress lead to downregulation of long noncoding RNA, SNHG8.

Bhagat, Reshma / Minaya, Miguel A / Renganathan, Arun / Mehra, Muneshwar / Marsh, Jacob / Martinez, Rita / Eteleeb, Abdallah M / Nana, Alissa L / Spina, Salvatore / Seeley, William W / Grinberg, Lea T / Karch, Celeste M

Molecular psychiatry

2024 Volume 28, Issue 11, Page(s) 4489

MeSH term(s)	RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; Down-Regulation
Chemical Substances	RNA, Long Noncoding
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1330655-8
ISSN	1476-5578 ; 1359-4184
ISSN (online)	1476-5578
ISSN	1359-4184
DOI	10.1038/s41380-023-02328-0
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Article ; Online: Clinicopathological correlation of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay in a behavioral neurology autopsy cohort.

Samudra, Niyatee / Fischer, D Luke / Lenio, Steven / Lario Lago, Argentina / Ljubenkov, Peter A / Rojas, Julio C / Seeley, William W / Spina, Salvatore / Staffaroni, Adam M / Tablante, Jonathan / Wekselman, Fattin / Lamoureux, Jennifer / Concha-Marambio, Luis / Grinberg, Lea T / Boxer, Adam L / VandeVrede, Lawren

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Lewy body disease (LBD) is a common primary or co-pathology in neurodegenerative syndromes. An alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay (αSyn-SAA) is clinically available, but clinical performance, especially lower sensitivity in amygdala- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Lewy body disease (LBD) is a common primary or co-pathology in neurodegenerative syndromes. An alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay (αSyn-SAA) is clinically available, but clinical performance, especially lower sensitivity in amygdala-predominant cases, is not well understood. Methods: Antemortem CSF from neuropathology-confirmed LBD cases was tested with αSyn-SAA (N = 56). Diagnostic performance and clinicopathological correlations were examined. Results: Similar to prior reports, sensitivity was 100% for diffuse and transitional LBD (9/9), and overall specificity was 96.3% (26/27). Sensitivity was lower in amygdala-predominant (6/14, 42.8%) and brainstem-predominant LBD (1/6, 16.7%), but early spread outside these regions (without meeting criteria for higher stage) was more common in αSyn-SAA-positive cases (6/7, 85.7%) than negative (2/13, 15.4%). Discussion: In this behavioral neurology cohort, αSyn-SAA had excellent diagnostic performance for cortical LBD. In amygdala- and brainstem-predominant cases, sensitivity was lower, but positivity was associated with anatomical spread, suggesting αSyn-SAA detects early LBD progression in these cohorts. Highlights: A cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein assay detects cortical LBD with high sensitivity/specificity. Positivity in prodromal stages of LBD was associated with early cortical spread. The assay provides precision diagnosis of LBD that could support clinical trials. The assay can also identify LBD co-pathology, which may impact treatment responses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2211627-8
ISSN	1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
ISSN (online)	1552-5279
ISSN	1552-5260
DOI	10.1002/alz.13799
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Article: The wake and sleep-modulating neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area demonstrate a differential pattern of degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Satpati, Abhijit / Soloviev, Alexander V / Pereira, Felipe L / Mladinov, Mihovil / Larsen, Eva / Leite, Renata E P / Suemoto, Claudia K / Rodriguez, Roberta D / Paes, Vitor R / Walsh, Christine / Spina, Salvatore / Seeley, William W / Pasqualucci, Carlos A / Filho, Wilson Jacob / Neylan, Thomas C / Grinberg, Lea T

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Background: Sleep-wake dysfunction is an early and common event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulates the sleep and wake cycle through wake-promoting orexinergic and sleep-promoting melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) ...

Abstract	Background: Sleep-wake dysfunction is an early and common event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulates the sleep and wake cycle through wake-promoting orexinergic and sleep-promoting melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons. These neurons share close anatomical proximity with functional reciprocity. This study investigated the pattern of neuronal loss (ORX and MCH) in the LHA in AD. Understanding the degeneration pattern of these neurons will be instrumental in designing potential therapeutics to slow down the disease progression and remediate the sleep-wake dysfunction in AD. Methods: Postmortem human brain tissue of subjects with AD (across progressive stages) and controls were examined using unbiased stereology. Neuronal counting was done using double immunohistochemistry with ORX, pTau (CP13), and MCH, pTau (CP13) labeled neurons on formalin-fixed, celloidin-embedded tissue. Results: We observed a progressive decline in orexinergic (ORX) neurons and a relative preservation of the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons. The decline in ORX neurons was seen from BB 2 (56%, p=0.0634). By the late stage of the disease (BB 5-6), the decline in ORX neurons was 76% (p=0.0043). In contrast, the MCH neurons demonstrated an insignificant decline by BB 6 (25%, p=0.1313). Conclusions: Our data demonstrated very early substantial ORX neuronal loss in the LHA, while MCH neurons were resilient to AD pTau accumulation. Interventions capable of preventing ORX neuronal loss and inhibiting pTau accumulation in the LHA can reinstate sleep-wake dysfunction in AD and possibly prevent the progression of the disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.03.06.583765
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Article ; Online: Pathology-specific patterns of cerebellar atrophy in neurodegenerative disorders.

Chen, Yu / Spina, Salvatore / Callahan, Patrick / Grinberg, Lea T / Seeley, William W / Rosen, Howard J / Kramer, Joel H / Miller, Bruce L / Rankin, Katherine P

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

2023 Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 1771–1783

Abstract: Introduction: Associations of cerebellar atrophy with specific neuropathologies in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have not been systematically analyzed. This study examined cerebellar gray matter volume across major pathological ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Associations of cerebellar atrophy with specific neuropathologies in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have not been systematically analyzed. This study examined cerebellar gray matter volume across major pathological subtypes of ADRD. Methods: Cerebellar gray matter volume was examined using voxel-based morphometry in 309 autopsy-proven ADRD cases and 80 healthy controls. ADRD subtypes included AD, mixed Lewy body disease and AD (LBD-AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Clinical function was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Results: Distinct patterns of cerebellar atrophy were observed in all ADRD subtypes. Significant cerebellar gray matter changes appeared in the early stages of most subtypes and the very early stages of AD, LBD-AD, FTLD-TDP type A, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Cortical atrophy positively predicted cerebellar atrophy across all subtypes. Discussion: Our findings establish pathology-specific profiles of cerebellar atrophy in ADRD and propose cerebellar neuroimaging as a non-invasive biomarker for differential diagnosis and disease monitoring. Highlights: Cerebellar atrophy was examined in 309 patients with autopsy-proven neurodegeneration. Distinct patterns of cerebellar atrophy are found in all pathological subtypes of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Cerebellar atrophy is seen in early-stage (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] ≤1) AD, Lewy body dementia (LBD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau-positive inclusion (FTLD-tau), and FTLD-transactive response DNA binding protein (FTLD-TDP). Cortical atrophy positively predicts cerebellar atrophy across all neuropathologies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Frontotemporal Dementia ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/genetics ; Lewy Body Disease/diagnosis ; Atrophy ; tau Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	tau Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2211627-8
ISSN	1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
ISSN (online)	1552-5279
ISSN	1552-5260
DOI	10.1002/alz.13551
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Article ; Online: Frontotemporal Dementia.

Olney, Nicholas T / Spina, Salvatore / Miller, Bruce L

Neurologic clinics

2017 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 339–374

Abstract: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct clinical phenotypes associated with multiple neuropathologic entities. Presently, the term FTD encompasses clinical disorders that include changes in behavior, language, executive ... ...

Abstract	Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct clinical phenotypes associated with multiple neuropathologic entities. Presently, the term FTD encompasses clinical disorders that include changes in behavior, language, executive control, and often motor symptoms. The core FTD spectrum disorders include behavioral variant FTD, nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia, and semantic variant PPA. Related FTD disorders include frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease, progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome, and corticobasal syndrome. In this article, the authors discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, neuropathology, genetics, and treatments of these disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Frontotemporal Dementia/epidemiology ; Frontotemporal Dementia/history ; Frontotemporal Dementia/pathology ; Frontotemporal Dementia/physiopathology ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/pathology ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1013148-6
ISSN	1557-9875 ; 0733-8619
ISSN (online)	1557-9875
ISSN	0733-8619
DOI	10.1016/j.ncl.2017.01.008
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Article ; Online: Progressive supranuclear palsy and primary lateral sclerosis secondary to globular glial tauopathy: a case report and a practical theoretical framework for the clinical prediction of this rare pathological entity.

Liu, Andy J / Chang, Jessica E / Naasan, Georges / Boxer, Adam L / Miller, Bruce L / Spina, Salvatore

Neurocase

2020 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 91–97

Abstract: Globular glial tauopathy (GGT) is a rare 4-repeat tauopathy characterized by the accumulation of tau globular inclusions in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Several clinical phenotypes have been associated with GGT, making the prediction of this rare ... ...

Abstract	Globular glial tauopathy (GGT) is a rare 4-repeat tauopathy characterized by the accumulation of tau globular inclusions in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Several clinical phenotypes have been associated with GGT, making the prediction of this rare pathological entity difficult. We report the case of a patient with eye-movement abnormalities and gait instability, reminiscent of progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), who later developed upper motor neuron symptoms suggestive of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Neuropathological assessment revealed GGT type III pathology. A theoretical framework is proposed to help clinicians predict GGT in subjects with coexistent features of PSP-RS and PLS.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Fatal Outcome ; Frontotemporal Dementia/complications ; Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis ; Frontotemporal Dementia/pathology ; Frontotemporal Dementia/physiopathology ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic/diagnosis ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic/etiology ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Neuron Disease/complications ; Motor Neuron Disease/diagnosis ; Motor Neuron Disease/pathology ; Motor Neuron Disease/physiopathology ; Neuroglia/pathology ; Ocular Motility Disorders/diagnosis ; Ocular Motility Disorders/etiology ; Ocular Motility Disorders/physiopathology ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/complications ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/diagnosis ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/pathology ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/physiopathology ; Tauopathies/complications ; Tauopathies/diagnosis ; Tauopathies/pathology ; Tauopathies/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1302651-3
ISSN	1465-3656 ; 1355-4794
ISSN (online)	1465-3656
ISSN	1355-4794
DOI	10.1080/13554794.2020.1732427
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