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Article: Nanoparticles for Cerenkov and Radioluminescent Light Enhancement for Imaging and Radiotherapy.

Boschi, Federico / Spinelli, Antonello Enrico

2020 Volume 10, Issue 9

Abstract: Cerenkov luminescence imaging and Cerenkov photodynamic therapy have been developed in recent years to exploit the Cerenkov radiation (CR) generated by radioisotopes, frequently used in Nuclear Medicine, to diagnose and fight cancer lesions. For in vivo ... ...

Abstract	Cerenkov luminescence imaging and Cerenkov photodynamic therapy have been developed in recent years to exploit the Cerenkov radiation (CR) generated by radioisotopes, frequently used in Nuclear Medicine, to diagnose and fight cancer lesions. For in vivo detection, the endpoint energy of the radioisotope and, thus, the total number of the emitted Cerenkov photons, represents a very important variable and explains why, for example,
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano10091771
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Article: Cytotoxicity of PEG-Coated Gold and Gold-Iron Alloy Nanoparticles: ROS or Ferroptosis?

de Faria, Clara M G / Bissoli, Michael / Vago, Riccardo / Spinelli, Antonello E / Amendola, Vincenzo

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 23

Abstract: Nanomedicine relies on the exploitation of nanoscale constructs for therapeutic and diagnostic functions. Gold and gold-iron alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are two examples of nanomaterials with favorable features for use in nanomedicine. While gold NPs have ... ...

Abstract	Nanomedicine relies on the exploitation of nanoscale constructs for therapeutic and diagnostic functions. Gold and gold-iron alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are two examples of nanomaterials with favorable features for use in nanomedicine. While gold NPs have been studied extensively in the last decades, they are not biodegradable. Nonetheless, biodegradation was recently observed in gold alloys with iron obtained using laser ablation in liquid (LAL). Hence, there is a significant interest in the study of the biological effects of gold and gold-iron alloy nanoparticles, starting from their tolerability and cytotoxicity. In this study, these two classes of NPs, obtained via LAL and coated with biocompatible polymers such as polyethylene glycol, were investigated in terms of their cytotoxicity in fibroblasts, prostate cancer cells (PC3) and embryonic kidney cells (HEK). We also explored the effects of different synthetic procedures, stabilizing additives, and the possible mechanisms behind cell mortality such as the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or ferroptosis. NPs larger than 200 nm were associated with lower cell tolerability. The most tolerable formulations were pure PEG-Au NPs, followed by PEG-Au-Fe NPs with a hydrodynamic size < 50 nm, which displayed a toxicity of only 20% in fibroblasts after 72 h of incubation. In addition, tumor cells and highly proliferating HEK cells are more sensitive to the NPs than fibroblasts. However, a protective effect of catalase was found for cells incubated with PEG-Au-Fe NPs, indicating an important role of hydrogen peroxide in alloy NP interactions with cells. These results are crucial for directing future synthetic efforts for the realization of biocompatible Au NPs and biodegradable and cytocompatible Au-Fe alloy NPs. Moreover, the correlation of the cytocompatibility of NPs with ROS and ferroptosis in cells is of general interest and applicability to other types of nanomaterials.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano13233044
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Article ; Online: Radioluminescence imaging feasibility for robotic radiosurgery field size quality assurance.

Shakarami, Zahra / Broggi, Sara / Vecchio, Antonella Del / Fiorino, Claudio / Spinelli, Antonello E

Medical physics

2022 Volume 49, Issue 10, Page(s) 6588–6598

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of radioluminescence imaging (RLI) as a novel 2D quality assurance (QA) dosimetry system for CyberKnife®.: Methods: We developed a field size measurement system based on a commercial complementary metal oxide ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of radioluminescence imaging (RLI) as a novel 2D quality assurance (QA) dosimetry system for CyberKnife®. Methods: We developed a field size measurement system based on a commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera facing a radioluminescence screen located at the isocenter normal to the beam axis. The radioluminescence light collected by a lens was used to measure 2D dose distributions. An image transformation procedure, based on two reference phantoms, was developed to correct for projective distortion due to the angle (15°) between the optical and beam axis. Dose profiles were measured for field sizes ranging from 5 mm to 60 mm using fixed circular and iris collimators and compared against gafchromic (GC) film. The corresponding full width at half maximum (FWHM) was measured using RLI and benchmarked against GC film. A small shift in the source-to-surface distance (SSD) of the measurement plane was intentionally introduced to test the sensitivity of the RLI system to field size variations. To assess reproducibility, the entire RLI procedure was tested by acquiring the 60 mm circle field three times on two consecutive days. Results: The implemented procedure for perspective image distortion correction showed improvements of up to 1 mm using the star phantom against the square phantom. The FWHM measurements using the RLI system indicated a strong agreement with GC film with maximum absolute difference equal to 0.131 mm for fixed collimators and 0.056 mm for the iris. A 2D analysis of RLI with respect to GC film showed that the differences in the central region are negligible, while small discrepancies are in the penumbra region. Changes in field sizes of 0.2 mm were detectable by RLI. Repeatability measurements of the beam FWHM have shown a standard deviation equal to 0.11 mm. Conclusions: The first application of a RLI approach for CyberKnife® field size measurement was presented and tested. Results are in agreement with GC film measurements. Spatial resolution and immediate availability of the data indicate that RLI is a feasible technique for robotic radiosurgery QA.
MeSH term(s)	Feasibility Studies ; Oxides ; Radiometry/methods ; Radiosurgery/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Reproducibility of Results ; Robotic Surgical Procedures
Chemical Substances	Oxides
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188780-4
ISSN	2473-4209 ; 0094-2405
ISSN (online)	2473-4209
ISSN	0094-2405
DOI	10.1002/mp.15914
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Zs.A 1210: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Progressive alteration of murine bladder elasticity in actinic cystitis detected by Brillouin microscopy.

Martinez-Vidal, Laura / Testi, Claudia / Pontecorvo, Emanuele / Pederzoli, Filippo / Alchera, Elisa / Locatelli, Irene / Venegoni, Chiara / Spinelli, Antonello / Lucianò, Roberta / Salonia, Andrea / Podestà, Alessandro / Ruocco, Giancarlo / Alfano, Massimo

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 484

Abstract: Bladder mechanical properties are critical for organ function and tissue homeostasis. Therefore, alterations of tissue mechanics are linked to disease onset and progression. This study aims to characterize the tissue elasticity of the murine bladder wall ...

Abstract	Bladder mechanical properties are critical for organ function and tissue homeostasis. Therefore, alterations of tissue mechanics are linked to disease onset and progression. This study aims to characterize the tissue elasticity of the murine bladder wall considering its different anatomical components, both in healthy conditions and in actinic cystitis, a state characterized by tissue fibrosis. Here, we exploit Brillouin microscopy, an emerging technique in the mechanobiology field that allows mapping tissue mechanics at the microscale, in non-contact mode and free of labeling. We show that Brillouin imaging of bladder tissues is able to recognize the different anatomical components of the bladder wall, confirmed by histopathological analysis, showing different tissue mechanical properties of the physiological bladder, as well as a significant alteration in the presence of tissue fibrosis. Our results point out the potential use of Brillouin imaging on clinically relevant samples as a complementary technique to histopathological analysis, deciphering complex mechanical alteration of each tissue layer of an organ that strongly relies on mechanical properties to perform its function.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Microscopy ; Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging ; Elasticity ; Cystitis/diagnostic imaging ; Fibrosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-51006-2
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Article ; Online: IL-10-Engineered Human CD4

Locafaro, Grazia / Andolfi, Grazia / Russo, Fabio / Cesana, Luca / Spinelli, Antonello / Camisa, Barbara / Ciceri, Fabio / Lombardo, Angelo / Bondanza, Attilio / Roncarolo, Maria Grazia / Gregori, Silvia

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

2024 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 853–854

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2010592-7
ISSN	1525-0024 ; 1525-0016
ISSN (online)	1525-0024
ISSN	1525-0016
DOI	10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.012
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Article ; Online: Bremsstrahlung radiation detection for small animal imaging using a CCD detector.

Spinelli, Antonello E / Boschi, Federico

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)

2016 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 706–708

Abstract: The use of optical methods for the detection of radionuclides is becoming an established tool for preclinical molecular imaging experiments. In this paper we present a set of proof of principle experiments showing that planar bremsstrahlung radiation ... ...

Abstract	The use of optical methods for the detection of radionuclides is becoming an established tool for preclinical molecular imaging experiments. In this paper we present a set of proof of principle experiments showing that planar bremsstrahlung radiation images can be detected with an intensifying screen using a small animal optical imager based on charge coupled device detector. We develop a bremsstrahlung source using a (32)P-ATP vial placed in a Plexiglas box, the source with an intensifying screen on top was placed inside a small animal optical imaging system. Bremsstrahlung radiation images were produced with the (32)P-ATP source only and also with a pair of pliers placed between the source and the screen. We found that the pair of pliers absorption image matches the shape of the object. Spatial resolution measurements were not performed however, the bremsstrahlung image of the pliers show that the resolution is relatively poor due to a large penumbra effect. We conclude that it is possible to produce planar bremsstrahlung images using optical imaging devices.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Gamma Cameras ; Mice ; Monte Carlo Method ; Optical Imaging/instrumentation ; Radioisotopes/chemistry ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Technetium/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Radioisotopes ; Technetium (7440-26-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1122650-x
ISSN	1724-191X ; 1120-1797
ISSN (online)	1724-191X
ISSN	1120-1797
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.04.002
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Zs.B 2941: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Weak light emission of soft tissues induced by heating.

Spinelli, Antonello E / Durando, Giovanni / Boschi, Federico

Journal of biomedical optics

2018 Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 1–5

Abstract: The main goal of this work is to show that soft tissue interaction with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or direct heating leads to a weak light emission detectable using a small animal optical imaging system. Our results show that the ... ...

Abstract	The main goal of this work is to show that soft tissue interaction with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or direct heating leads to a weak light emission detectable using a small animal optical imaging system. Our results show that the luminescence signal is detectable after 30 min of heating, resembling the time scale of delayed luminescence. The imaging of a soft tissue after heating it using an HIFU field shows that the luminescence pattern closely matches the shape of the cone typical of the HIFU beam. We conclude that heating a soft tissue using two different sources leads to the emission of a weak luminescence signal from the heated region with a decay half-life of a few minutes (4 to 6 min). The origin of such light emission needs to be further investigated.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens ; Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy/methods ; Hot Temperature ; Luminescent Measurements/methods ; Models, Biological ; Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging ; Muscle, Skeletal/radiation effects ; Optical Imaging/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1309154-2
ISSN	1560-2281 ; 1083-3668
ISSN (online)	1560-2281
ISSN	1083-3668
DOI	10.1117/1.JBO.23.4.046003
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Article ; Online: Novel biomedical applications of Cerenkov radiation and radioluminescence imaging.

Spinelli, Antonello E / Boschi, Federico

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)

2015 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 120–129

Abstract: The main goals of this review is to provide an up-to-date account of the different uses of Cerenkov radiation (CR) and radioluminescence imaging for pre-clinical small animal imaging. We will focus on new emerging applications such as the use of Cerenkov ...

Abstract	The main goals of this review is to provide an up-to-date account of the different uses of Cerenkov radiation (CR) and radioluminescence imaging for pre-clinical small animal imaging. We will focus on new emerging applications such as the use of Cerenkov imaging for monitoring radionuclide and external radiotherapy in humans. Another novel application that will be described is the monitoring of radiochemical synthesis using microfluidic chips. Several pre-clinical aspects of CR will be discussed such as the development of 3D reconstruction methods for Cerenkov images and the use of CR as excitation source for nanoparticles or for endoscopic imaging. We will also include a discussion on radioluminescence imaging that is a more general method than Cerenkov imaging for the detection using optical methods of alpha and gamma emitters.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Humans ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Radioactive Tracers ; Radioisotopes
Chemical Substances	Radioactive Tracers ; Radioisotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1122650-x
ISSN	1724-191X ; 1120-1797
ISSN (online)	1724-191X
ISSN	1120-1797
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.12.003
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Article ; Online: Small animal irradiator dose distribution verification using radioluminescence imaging.

Spinelli, Antonello E / D'Agostino, Emilano / Broggi, Sara / Claudio, Fiorino / Boschi, Federico

Journal of biophotonics

2020 Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e201960217

Abstract: The main objective of this work was the development of a novel 2D dosimetry approach for small animal external radiotherapy using radioluminescence imaging (RLI) with a commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor detector. Measurements of RLI were ...

Abstract	The main objective of this work was the development of a novel 2D dosimetry approach for small animal external radiotherapy using radioluminescence imaging (RLI) with a commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor detector. Measurements of RLI were performed on the small animal image-guided platform SmART, RLI data were corrected for perspective distortion using Matlab. Four irradiation fields were tested and the planar 2D dose distributions and dose profiles were compared against dose calculations performed with a Monte Carlo based treatment planning system and gafchromic film. System linearity and RLI image noise against dose were also measured. The maximum difference between beam size measured with RLI and nominal beam size was less than 8% for all the tested beams. The image correction procedure was able to reduce perspective distortion. A novel RLI approach for quality assurance of a small animal irradiator was presented and tested. Results are in agreement with MC dose calculations and gafchromic film measurements.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Monte Carlo Method ; Radiometry
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2390063-5
ISSN	1864-0648 ; 1864-063X
ISSN (online)	1864-0648
ISSN	1864-063X
DOI	10.1002/jbio.201960217
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Article ; Online: Human Cerenkov imaging using 18F-FDG.

Spinelli, Antonello E / Boschi, Federico

Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

2014 Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 523

MeSH term(s)	Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Male ; Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Optical Imaging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Chemical Substances	Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	80272-4
ISSN	1535-5667 ; 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
ISSN (online)	1535-5667
ISSN	0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
DOI	10.2967/jnumed.113.135384
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