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Article ; Online: Urinary immunoglobulins in viral diagnosis

Sreelekshmy Mohandas / Sudeep Balan / Devendra T Mourya

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 155, Iss 1, Pp 11-

An overview

2022 Volume 21

Abstract: Antibody detection by serological methods gained a lot of interest in recent years and has become the backbone of virological diagnosis. Despite the detection of all five classes of immunoglobulins in urine, not much attention has been paid to the use of ...

Abstract	Antibody detection by serological methods gained a lot of interest in recent years and has become the backbone of virological diagnosis. Despite the detection of all five classes of immunoglobulins in urine, not much attention has been paid to the use of urine as a diagnostic sample to detect viral antibodies. Unlike venipuncture, this non-invasive mode of sample collection can help cover all age groups, especially paediatric and old age patients, where blood collection is difficult. Using urine as a sample is also economical and involves lesser risk in sample collection. The antibodies are found to be stable in urine at room temperature for a prolonged period, which makes the sample transport management easier as well. A few recent studies, have also shown that the detection limit of antibodies in urine is at par with serum or other clinical material. So, the ease in sample collection, availability of samples in large quantity and stability of immunoglobulins in urine for prolonged periods can make urine an ideal sample for viral diagnosis.
Keywords	antibody detection - diagnostics - immunoglobulins - urine - viral diseases ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A qualitative IgG ELISA for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in Syrian hamster serum samples

Anita Shete / Sreelekshmy Mohandas / Rajlaxmi Jain / Pragya D. Yadav

STAR Protocols, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 100573- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Summary: This protocol describes an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for qualitative detection of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Syrian hamster serum samples. We describe the preparation ... ...

Abstract	Summary: This protocol describes an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for qualitative detection of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Syrian hamster serum samples. We describe the preparation of inactivated virus antigens and the negative control antigen and the use of antigen-coated microtiter plates to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies from SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, including the criteria for differentiating positive versus negative reaction. The limited batch-to-batch variability of this assay has been verified with two batches of independently prepared antigens.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mohandas et al. (2021).
Keywords	Immunology ; Microbiology ; Model Organisms ; Antibody ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of the immunogenicity & protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in non-human primates

Labanya Mukhopadhyay / Pragya D Yadav / Nivedita Gupta / Sreelekshmy Mohandas / Deepak Y Patil / Anita Shete-Aich / Samiran Panda / Balram Bhargava

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 153, Iss 1, Pp 93-

2021 Volume 114

Abstract: Background & objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global public health crisis and research groups worldwide are engaged in developing vaccine candidates to curb its transmission, with a few vaccines having progressed to advanced stages of ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global public health crisis and research groups worldwide are engaged in developing vaccine candidates to curb its transmission, with a few vaccines having progressed to advanced stages of clinical trials. The aim of this systematic review was to compare immunogenicity and protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates tested in non-human primate (NHP) models. Methods: Literature on effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in NHP models reported on PubMed and preprint platforms (medRxiv and bioRxiv) till October 22, 2020, was searched with the following terms: coronavirus vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, nonhuman primate, and rhesus macaque. Results: Our search yielded 19 studies, which reported immune response elicited by 18 vaccine candidates in NHP. All the vaccines induced detectable neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres in the serum of vaccinated animals, with some showing effective viral clearance from various organs. The vaccinated animals also showed nil to mild histopathological changes in their lungs compared to placebo groups in the trials that performed necropsy. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings highlighted onset of quick immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mRNA-1273, followed by Ad26.CoV2.S, NVX-CoV2373, BNT162b2, RBD and BBV152 vaccine candidates in preclinical trials as compared to the others. NHP data also showed correlation with clinical trial data available for a few vaccines. Preclinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in NHPs yielded promising results, with some candidates faring better than others.
Keywords	covid-19 - immune response - inactivated vaccine - neutralizing antibody - non-human primate - protein subunit vaccine - t-cell response - vaccine - viral clearance ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (R346K) variant in Syrian hamsters and its cross-neutralization with different variants of concern

Sreelekshmy Mohandas / Pragya D. Yadav / Gajanan Sapkal / Anita M. Shete / Gururaj Deshpande / Dimpal A. Nyayanit / Deepak Patil / Manoj Kadam / Abhimanyu Kumar / Chandrashekhar Mote / Rajlaxmi Jain

EBioMedicine, Vol 79, Iss , Pp 103997- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Summary: Background: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is rampantly spreading across the globe. We assessed the pathogenicity and immune response generated by BA.1.1 sub-lineage of SARS-CoV-2 [Omicron (R346K) variant] in 5 to 6-week old Syrian hamsters and ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is rampantly spreading across the globe. We assessed the pathogenicity and immune response generated by BA.1.1 sub-lineage of SARS-CoV-2 [Omicron (R346K) variant] in 5 to 6-week old Syrian hamsters and compared the observations with that of Delta variant infection. Methods: Virus shedding, organ viral load, lung disease and immune response generated in hamsters were sequentially assessed. Findings: The disease characteristics of the Omicron (R346K) variant were found to be similar to that of the Delta variant infection in hamsters like viral replication in the respiratory tract and interstitial pneumonia. The Omicron (R346K) infected hamsters demonstrated lesser body weight reduction and viral RNA load in the throat swab and nasal wash samples in comparison to the Delta variant infection. The viral load in the lungs and nasal turbinate samples and the lung disease severity of the Omicron (R346K) infected hamsters were found comparable with that of the Delta variant infected hamsters. Neutralizing antibody response against Omicron (R346K) variant was detected from day 5 and the cross-neutralization titre of the sera against other variants showed severe reduction ie., 7 fold reduction against Alpha and no titers against B.1, Beta and Delta. Interpretation: This preliminary data shows that Omicron (R346K) variant infection can produce moderate to severe lung disease similar to that of the Delta variant and the neutralizing antibodies produced in response to Omicron (R346K) variant infection shows poor neutralizing ability against other co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants like Delta which necessitates caution as it may lead to increased cases of reinfection. Funding: This study was supported by Indian Council of Medical Research as an intramural grant (COVID-19) to ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; Omicron (R346K) ; BA.1.1 ; R346K ; Syrian hamsters ; Pathogenicity ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.28.2 (P2) variant and pathogenicity comparison with D614G variant in hamster model

Pragya Yadav / Sreelekshmy Mohandas / Prasad Sarkale / Dimpal Nyayanit / Anita Shete / Rima Sahay / Varsha Potdar / Shrikant Baradkar / Nivedita Gupta / Gajanan Sapkal / Priya Abraham / Samiran Panda / Balram Bhargava

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 2, Pp 164-

2022 Volume 171

Abstract: Background: Considering the potential threat from emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the rising COVID-19 cases, SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance is ongoing in India. We report herewith the isolation of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Considering the potential threat from emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the rising COVID-19 cases, SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance is ongoing in India. We report herewith the isolation of the P.2 variant (B.1.1.28.2) from international travelers and further its pathogenicity evaluation and comparison with D614G variant (B.1) in hamster model. Methods: Virus isolation was performed in Vero CCL81 cells and genomic characterization by next generation sequencing. The pathogenicity and host immune response of the isolate was assessed in Syrian hamster model and compared with B.1 variant. Results: B.1.1.28.2 variant was isolated from nasal/throat swabs of international travelers returned to India from United Kingdom and Brazil. The B.1.1.28.2 variant induced body weight loss, viral replication in the respiratory tract and caused severe lung pathology in infected Syrian hamster model in comparison, with B.1 variant infected hamsters. The sera from B.1.1.28.2 infected hamsters efficiently neutralized the D614G variant virus whereas 6-fold reduction in the neutralization was seen in case of D614G variant infected hamsters’ sera with the B.1.1.28.2 variant. Conclusions: B.1.1.28.2 lineage variant could be successfully isolated and characterization could be performed. Pathogenicity of the isolate was demonstrated in Syrian hamster model and the findings of neutralization reduction is of great concern and point towards the need for screening the vaccines for efficacy.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; B.1.1.28.2 ; P2 variant ; India ; Pathogenicity ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Detection of possible Nipah virus infection in Rousettus leschenaultii and Pipistrellus Pipistrellus bats in Maharashtra, India.

Gokhale, Mangesh D / Sreelekshmy, Mohandas / Sudeep, Anakkatil B / Shete, Anita / Jain, Rajlaxmi / Yadav, Pragya D / Mathapati, Basavraj / Mourya, Devendra T

Journal of infection and public health

2021 Volume 14, Issue 8, Page(s) 1010–1012

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chiroptera ; Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Henipavirus Infections/veterinary ; Humans ; India/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2467587-8
ISSN	1876-035X ; 1876-0341
ISSN (online)	1876-035X
ISSN	1876-0341
DOI	10.1016/j.jiph.2021.05.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Possible Role of Accessory Proteins in the Viral Replication for the 20I/501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) SARS CoV-2 Variant

Dimpal A. Nyayanit / Prasad Sarkale / Anita Shete-Aich / Abhinendra Kumar / Savita Patil / Triparna Majumdar / Shrikant Baradkar / Pranita Gawande / Sreelekshmy Mohandas / Pragya D Yadav

Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1586, p

2021 Volume 1586

Abstract: The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) has been a global concern. The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS CoV-2 is reported to cause higher transmission. The study investigates the replication cycle and transcriptional ... ...

Abstract	The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) has been a global concern. The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS CoV-2 is reported to cause higher transmission. The study investigates the replication cycle and transcriptional pattern of the B.1.1.7 to hypothesis the possible role of different genes in viral replication. It was observed that the B.1.1.7 variant required a longer maturation time. The transcriptional response demonstrated higher expression of ORF6 and ORF8 compared to nucleocapsid transcript till the eclipse period which might influence higher viral replication. The number of infectious viruses titer is higher in the B.1.1.7, despite a lesser copy number than B.1, indicating higher transmissibility. The experimental evidence published linked ORF6 and ORF8 to play important role in replication and we also observed their higher expression. This leads us to hypothesis the possible role of ORF6 and ORF8 in B.1.1.7 higher replication which causes higher transmission.
Keywords	20I/501Y.V1 ; SARS CoV-2 ; replication ; RPKM ; TCID 50 ; next-generation sequencing ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant from UAE travelers

Pragya D. Yadav / Prasad Sarkale / Alpana Razdan / Nivedita Gupta / Dimpal A. Nyayanit / Rima R. Sahay / Varsha Potdar / Deepak Y. Patil / Shreekant Baradkar / Abhinendra Kumar / Neeraj Aggarwal / Anita M. Shete / Harmanmeet Kaur / Sreelekshmy Mohandas

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 2, Pp 182-

2022 Volume 186

Abstract: Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in places where the virus is uncontained poses a global threat from the perspective of public health and vaccine efficacy. Travel has been important factor for the easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants ... ...

Abstract	Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in places where the virus is uncontained poses a global threat from the perspective of public health and vaccine efficacy. Travel has been important factor for the easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide. India has also observed the importation of SARS-CoV-2 variants through international travelers. Methods: In this study, we have collected the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 58 individuals with travel history from United Arab Emirates (UAE), East, West and South Africa, Qatar, Ukraine and Saudi Arabia arrived in India during February–March 2021. The clinical specimens were initially screened for SARS-CoV-2 using Real time RT-PCR. All the specimens were inoculated on to Vero CCL-81 cells for virus isolation. The viral isolates were further sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing. Results: All 58 cases were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using Real time RT-PCR. Four specimens showed progressive infectivity with fusion of the infected cells with neighboring cells leading to large mass of cells. Replication competent virus was confirmed from culture supernatant of the passage 2 using Real time RT-PCR. Two plaque purified SARS-CoV-2 isolates demonstrated high viral RNA load of 3.8–7.5 × 1011 and 1.1–1.6 × 1011 at passage 4 and 5 respectively. Nucleotide variations along with amino acid changes were also observed among these two isolates at passage 2–5. All four cases were male with no symptoms and co-morbidity. The sequence analysis has shown two different clusters, first cluster with nucleotide deletions in the ORF1ab and the spike, while second cluster with deletions in spike region. The viral isolates demonstrated 99.88–99.96% nucleotide identity with the representative sequences of Beta variant (B.1.351). Conclusion: These findings suggest easier transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants with human mobility through international travel. The isolated Beta variant would be useful to determine the protective efficacy of the currently available ...
Keywords	Variant of concern ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Beta variant ; Traveler ; United Arab Emirates ; India ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Th1 skewed immune response of whole virion inactivated SARS CoV 2 vaccine and its safety evaluation

iScience, Vol 24, Iss 4, Pp 102298- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Summary: We report the development and evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a whole virion inactivated (WVI) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152), adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel (Algel), or TLR7/8 agonist chemisorbed Algel. We used a well- ... ...

Abstract	Summary: We report the development and evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a whole virion inactivated (WVI) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152), adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel (Algel), or TLR7/8 agonist chemisorbed Algel. We used a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 strain and an established Vero cell platform to produce large-scale GMP-grade highly purified inactivated antigen. Product development and manufacturing process were carried out in a BSL-3 facility. Immunogenicity and safety were determined at two antigen concentrations (3μg and 6μg), with two different adjuvants, in mice, rats, and rabbits. Our results show that BBV152 vaccine formulations generated significantly high antigen-binding and neutralizing antibody titers (NAb), at both concentrations, in all three species with excellent safety profiles. The inactivated vaccine formulation contains TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant-induced Th1-biased antibody responses with elevated IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and increased levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ CD4+ T lymphocyte response. Our results support further development for phase I/II clinical trials in humans.
Keywords	Immune Response ; Immunology ; Virology ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BBV152, whole virion inactivated SARS- CoV-2 vaccine candidates in the Syrian hamster model

Sreelekshmy Mohandas / Pragya D. Yadav / Anita Shete-Aich / Priya Abraham / Krishna Mohan Vadrevu / Gajanan Sapkal / Chandrashekhar Mote / Dimpal Nyayanit / Nivedita Gupta / Vellimedu Kannappa Srinivas / Manoj Kadam / Abhimanyu Kumar / Triparna Majumdar / Rajlaxmi Jain / Gururaj Deshpande / Savita Patil / Prasad Sarkale / Deepak Patil / Raches Ella /

Sai D. Prasad / Sharda Sharma / Krishna M. Ella / Samiran Panda / Balram Bhargava

iScience, Vol 24, Iss 2, Pp 102054- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Summary: The availability of a safe and effective vaccine would be the eventual measure to deal with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) threat. Here, we have assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated ... ...

Abstract	Summary: The availability of a safe and effective vaccine would be the eventual measure to deal with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) threat. Here, we have assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates BBV152A, BBV152B, and BBV152C in Syrian hamsters. Three dose vaccination regimes with vaccine candidates induced significant titers of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies. BBV152A and BBV152B vaccine candidates remarkably generated a quick and robust immune response. Post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccinated hamsters did not show any histopathological changes in the lungs. The protection of the hamster was evident by the rapid clearance of the virus from lower respiratory tract, reduced virus load in upper respiratory tract, absence of lung pathology, and robust humoral immune response. These findings confirm the immunogenic potential of the vaccine candidates and further protection of hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Of the three candidates, BBV152A showed the better response.
Keywords	Biological Sciences ; Immunity ; Immunology ; Viral Microbiology ; Virology ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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