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Article ; Online: Elevated CO

Vanaja, M / Sarkar, B / Sathish, P / Jyothi Lakshmi, N / Yadav, S K / Mohan, Ch / Sushma, A / Yashavanth, B S / Srinivasa Rao, M / Prabhakar, M / Singh, V K

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2928

Abstract: The rising temperatures and levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are anticipated to have a significant impact on the productivity of agricultural crops. Although, the individual effects of elevated ... ...

Abstract	The rising temperatures and levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are anticipated to have a significant impact on the productivity of agricultural crops. Although, the individual effects of elevated CO
MeSH term(s)	Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Temperature ; Zea mays ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; Edible Grain/metabolism ; Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-53343-2
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Article ; Online: Temperature-based phenology model for predicting the present and future establishment and distribution of recently invasive

Prasad, T V / Srinivasa Rao, M / Rao, K V / Bal, S K / Muttapa, Y / Choudhary, J S / Singh, V K

Bulletin of entomological research

2021 , Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a polyphagous and highly destructive invasive insect pest of many crops. It was recently introduced into India and widely reported in almost all parts of India. Development of a temperature-based ... ...

Abstract	Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a polyphagous and highly destructive invasive insect pest of many crops. It was recently introduced into India and widely reported in almost all parts of India. Development of a temperature-based phenology model for predicting its rate of development and distribution will help in understanding the establishment and further spread of introduced invasive insect pests. Development, survival and reproduction parameters of S. frugiperda at six constant temperature conditions (15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C) were investigated and further validated with data generated under fluctuating temperature conditions. The estimated lower developmental threshold temperatures were 12.1°C for eggs, 11°C for larvae, 12.2°C for pupae, 15.13°C for males and 12.66°C for females. Degree-day (DD) requirements for the development of the different stages of S. frugiperda were 50, 250 and 200 DD for egg, larva and pupa, respectively. The best-fitted functions were compiled for each life stage to yield a phenology model, which was stochastically simulated to estimate the life table parameters. The developed phenology model predicted temperature ranges between 27 and 30°C as favourable for S. frugiperda development, survival and reproduction. The results revealed that maximum net reproductive rate (215.66 females/female/generation) and total fecundity (981.08 individuals/female/generation) were attained at 30°C constant temperature. The mean length of generations decreased from 74.29 days at 15°C to 38.74 days at 30°C. The maximum intrinsic rate of increase (0.138 females/female/day) and shortest doubling time (4.9 days) were also observed at 30°C. Results of simulated life table parameters showed high temperature-dependent development of S. frugiperda and complete development within all the tested constant temperature ranges (15-35°C). Simulated life table parameters for predicting risk indices of S. frugiperda in India indicated a significant increase in activity indices and establishment risk indices with a higher number of generations during future (2050 and 2070) climatic change scenarios compared to present conditions. Our results indicate that India will be highly suitable for the establishment and survival of S. frugiperda in future time periods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280516-9
ISSN	1475-2670 ; 0007-4853
ISSN (online)	1475-2670
ISSN	0007-4853
DOI	10.1017/S0007485321000882
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Article ; Online: Pest scenario of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on pigeonpea during future climate change periods under RCP based projections in India.

Srinivasa Rao, M / Rama Rao, C A / Raju, B M K / Subba Rao, A V M / Gayatri, D L A / Islam, Adlul / Prasad, T V / Navya, M / Srinivas, K / Pratibha, G / Srinivas, I / Prabhakar, M / Yadav, S K / Bhaskar, S / Singh, V K / Chaudhari, S K

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6788

Abstract: Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is the major insect pest of pigeonpea and prediction of number of generations (no. of gen.) and generation time (gen. time) using growing degree days (GDD) approach during three future climate change periods ... ...

Abstract	Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is the major insect pest of pigeonpea and prediction of number of generations (no. of gen.) and generation time (gen. time) using growing degree days (GDD) approach during three future climate change periods viz., Near (NP), Distant (DP) and Far Distant (FDP) periods at eleven major pigeonpea growing locations of India was attempted. Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 of Coupled Model Inter comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models was adopted here. The increase in projected Tmax and Tmin are significant during 3 climate change periods (CCPs) viz., the NP, DP and FDP over base line (BL) period under four RCP scenarios at all locations and would be higher (4.7-5.1 °C) in RCP 8.5 and in FDP. More number of annual (10-17) and seasonal (5-8) gens. are expected to occur with greater percent increase in FDP (8 to 38%) over base line followed by DP (7 to 22%) and NP (5to 10%) periods with shortened annual gen. time (4 to 27%) across 4 RCPs. The reduction of crop duration was substantial in short, medium and long duration pigeonpeas at all locations across 4 RCPs and 3 CCPs. The seasonal no.of gen. is expected to increase (5 to 35%) with shortened gen. time (4 to 26%) even with reduced crop duration across DP and FDP climate periods of 6.0 and 8.5 RCPs in LD pigeonpea. More no. of gen. of H. armigera with reduced gen. time are expected to occur at Ludhiana, Coimbatore, Mohanpur, Warangal and Akola locations over BL period in 4 RCPs when normal duration of pigeonpeas is considered. Geographical location (66 to 72%), climate period (11 to 19%), RCPs (5-7%) and their interaction (0.04-1%) is vital and together explained more than 90% of the total variation in future pest scenario. The findings indicate that the incidence of H. armigera would be higher on pigeonpea during ensuing CCPs in India under global warming context.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Climate Change ; Moths ; Global Warming ; Temperature ; India
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-32188-1
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Article ; Online: Production characterization and working characteristics in DICI engine of Pongamia biodiesel.

Srinivasa Rao, M / Anand, R B

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

2015 Volume 121, Page(s) 16–21

Abstract: Renewable energy plays a predominant role in solving the current energy requirement problems and biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel to tide over the energy crisis and conserve fossil fuels. The present work investigates an eco-friendly substitute ... ...

Abstract	Renewable energy plays a predominant role in solving the current energy requirement problems and biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel to tide over the energy crisis and conserve fossil fuels. The present work investigates an eco-friendly substitute for the replacement of fossil fuels and the experiments are designed to determine the effects of a catalyst in the biodiesel production processes. Pongamia pinnata oil was utilized to produce the biodiesel by using catalysts namely KOH and NaOH and the properties of the fuel were found by using Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur (CHNS) elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography & Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR) Spectroscopy and the thermophysical properties were compared with those of neat diesel. In continuation, the working characteristics of the biodiesel and biodiesel-water emulsions were accomplished in a four stroke compression ignition engine and the results were compared to those of neat diesel. It was found that the exhaust emission characteristics like brake specific carbon monoxide (BSCO), brake specific hydrocarbons (BSHC) and smoke opacity were better for neat biodiesel (except brake specific nitric oxide BSNO) than those of neat diesel.
MeSH term(s)	Biofuels/analysis ; Carbon/chemistry ; Carbon Monoxide/analysis ; Esterification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Hydroxides/chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Plant Oils/chemistry ; Pongamia/chemistry ; Potassium Compounds/chemistry ; Smoke/analysis ; Sodium Hydroxide/chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Sulfur/chemistry ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
Chemical Substances	Biofuels ; Hydrocarbons ; Hydroxides ; Plant Oils ; Potassium Compounds ; Smoke ; Vehicle Emissions ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Sodium Hydroxide (55X04QC32I) ; Sulfur (70FD1KFU70) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452) ; potassium hydroxide (WZH3C48M4T)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	436536-7
ISSN	1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
ISSN (online)	1090-2414
ISSN	0147-6513
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.031
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Article: Pest scenario of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on groundnut under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) based climate change scenarios.

Srinivasa Rao, M / Rama Rao, C A / Sreelakshmi, P / Islam, Adlul / Subba Rao, A V M / Ravindra Chary, G / Bhaskar, S

Journal of thermal biology

2020 Volume 94, Page(s) 102749

Abstract: Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models were generated for ten major ... ...

Abstract	Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models were generated for ten major groundnut growing locations of the India to predict the number of generations of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) using Growing Degree Days approach during three future climate viz., Near (NF), Distant (DF) and Very Distant (VDF) periods and were compared over 1976-2005 baseline period (BL). Projections indicate significant increase in Tmax (0.7-4.7 °C) and Tmin (0.7-5.1 °C) in NF, DF and VDF periods under the four RCP scenarios at the ten groundnut growing locations. Higher percent increase of the number of generations of S. litura was predicted to occur in VDF (6-38%) over baseline, followed by DF (5-22%) and NF (4-9%) periods with reduction of generation time (5-26%) across the four RCP scenarios. Reduction of crop duration was higher (12-22 days) in long duration groundnut than in medium and short duration groundnut. Decrease in crop duration was higher in VDF (12.1-20.8 days) than DF (8.26-13.15 days) and NF (4.46-6.15 days) climate change periods under RCP 8.5 scenario. Increase in number of generations of S. litura was predicted even with altered crop duration of groundnut. Among locations, more number of generations of S. litura with reduced generation time are likely at Vridhachalam and Tirupathi locations. Geographical location (74-77%) and climate period (15-19%), together explained over 90 percent of the total variation in the number of generations and generation time of S. litura. These findings suggest that the incidence of S. litura on groundnut could be higher in future.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arachis/parasitology ; Climate Change ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Models, Theoretical ; Spodoptera/physiology ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1498364-3
ISSN	1879-0992 ; 0306-4565
ISSN (online)	1879-0992
ISSN	0306-4565
DOI	10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102749
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Article: Pest scenario of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on groundnut under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) based climate change scenarios

Srinivasa Rao, M / Rama Rao, C.A / Sreelakshmi, P / Islam, Adlul / Subba Rao, A.V.M / Ravindra Chary, G / Bhaskar, S

Journal of thermal biology. 2020 Dec., v. 94

2020

Abstract	Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models were generated for ten major groundnut growing locations of the India to predict the number of generations of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) using Growing Degree Days approach during three future climate viz., Near (NF), Distant (DF) and Very Distant (VDF) periods and were compared over 1976–2005 baseline period (BL). Projections indicate significant increase in Tmax (0.7–4.7 °C) and Tmin (0.7–5.1 °C) in NF, DF and VDF periods under the four RCP scenarios at the ten groundnut growing locations. Higher percent increase of the number of generations of S. litura was predicted to occur in VDF (6–38%) over baseline, followed by DF (5–22%) and NF (4–9%) periods with reduction of generation time (5–26%) across the four RCP scenarios. Reduction of crop duration was higher (12–22 days) in long duration groundnut than in medium and short duration groundnut. Decrease in crop duration was higher in VDF (12.1–20.8 days) than DF (8.26–13.15 days) and NF (4.46–6.15 days) climate change periods under RCP 8.5 scenario. Increase in number of generations of S. litura was predicted even with altered crop duration of groundnut. Among locations, more number of generations of S. litura with reduced generation time are likely at Vridhachalam and Tirupathi locations. Geographical location (74–77%) and climate period (15–19%), together explained over 90 percent of the total variation in the number of generations and generation time of S. litura. These findings suggest that the incidence of S. litura on groundnut could be higher in future.
Keywords	Spodoptera litura ; climate ; climate change ; models ; peanuts ; pests ; temperature ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1498364-3
ISSN	1879-0992 ; 0306-4565
ISSN (online)	1879-0992
ISSN	0306-4565
DOI	10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102749
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Study of Compton Broadening Due to Electron-Photon Scattering

Srinivasa Rao, M.

Serbian Astronomical Journal, Vol 180, Pp 11-

2010 Volume 17

Abstract: We have investigated the effects of Compton broadening due to electron-photon scattering in hot stellar atmospheres. A purely electron-photon scattering media is assumed to have plane parallel geometry with an input radiation field localized on one side ... ...

Abstract	We have investigated the effects of Compton broadening due to electron-photon scattering in hot stellar atmospheres. A purely electron-photon scattering media is assumed to have plane parallel geometry with an input radiation field localized on one side of the slab. The method is based on the discrete space theory of radiative transfer for the intensity of emitted radiation.The solution is developed to study the importance of scattering of radiation by free electrons in high temperature stellar atmospheres which produces a brodening and shift in spectral lines because of the Compton effect and the Doppler effect arising from mass and thermal motions of scattering electrons.It is noticed that the Comptonized spectrum depends on three parameters: the optical depth of the medium, the temperature of the thermal electrons and the viewing angle.We also showed that the Compton effect produces red shift and asymmetry in the line. These two effects increase as the optical depth increases. It is also noticed that the emergent specific intensities become completely asymmetric for higher optical depths.
Keywords	Stars: atmospheres ; Radiative transfer ; Scattering ; Astronomy ; QB1-991 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Astronomy (General) ; DOAJ:Physics and Astronomy
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Astronomical Observatory, Department of Astronomy, Belgrade
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Temperature-based phenology model for predicting the present and future establishment and distribution of recently invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in India

Prasad, T. V. / Srinivasa Rao, M. / Rao, K. V. / Bal, S. K. / Muttapa, Y. / Choudhary, J. S. / Singh, V. K.

Bulletin of entomological research. 2022 Apr., v. 112, no. 2

2022

Abstract	Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a polyphagous and highly destructive invasive insect pest of many crops. It was recently introduced into India and widely reported in almost all parts of India. Development of a temperature-based phenology model for predicting its rate of development and distribution will help in understanding the establishment and further spread of introduced invasive insect pests. Development, survival and reproduction parameters of S. frugiperda at six constant temperature conditions (15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C) were investigated and further validated with data generated under fluctuating temperature conditions. The estimated lower developmental threshold temperatures were 12.1°C for eggs, 11°C for larvae, 12.2°C for pupae, 15.13°C for males and 12.66°C for females. Degree-day (DD) requirements for the development of the different stages of S. frugiperda were 50, 250 and 200 DD for egg, larva and pupa, respectively. The best-fitted functions were compiled for each life stage to yield a phenology model, which was stochastically simulated to estimate the life table parameters. The developed phenology model predicted temperature ranges between 27 and 30°C as favourable for S. frugiperda development, survival and reproduction. The results revealed that maximum net reproductive rate (215.66 females/female/generation) and total fecundity (981.08 individuals/female/generation) were attained at 30°C constant temperature. The mean length of generations decreased from 74.29 days at 15°C to 38.74 days at 30°C. The maximum intrinsic rate of increase (0.138 females/female/day) and shortest doubling time (4.9 days) were also observed at 30°C. Results of simulated life table parameters showed high temperature-dependent development of S. frugiperda and complete development within all the tested constant temperature ranges (15–35°C). Simulated life table parameters for predicting risk indices of S. frugiperda in India indicated a significant increase in activity indices and establishment risk indices with a higher number of generations during future (2050 and 2070) climatic change scenarios compared to present conditions. Our results indicate that India will be highly suitable for the establishment and survival of S. frugiperda in future time periods.
Keywords	Spodoptera frugiperda ; climate change ; eggs ; fecundity ; females ; heat sums ; insect pests ; invasive species ; life tables ; models ; phenology ; pupae ; research ; risk ; temperature ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 271-285.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280516-9
ISSN	1475-2670 ; 0007-4853
ISSN (online)	1475-2670
ISSN	0007-4853
DOI	10.1017/S0007485321000882
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Prediction of Pest Scenarios of Spodoptera litura Fab. in Peanut Growing Areas of India During Future Climate Change

Srinivasa Rao, M / C. A. Rama Rao / D. Manimanjari / M. Maheswari

National Academy science letters. 2015 Dec., v. 38, no. 6

2015

Abstract: The present study predicted a pest scenario of pheromone trap catch of adults of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura. The relationship between temperature and adult pheromone trap catch was quantified using historical insect pest data obtained from ... ...

Abstract	The present study predicted a pest scenario of pheromone trap catch of adults of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura. The relationship between temperature and adult pheromone trap catch was quantified using historical insect pest data obtained from respective locations and these models were adopted to predict the future pest scenarios during three decadal periods of ânear futureâ (NF-2021-2050) viz., I (2021â2030), II (2031â2040) and III (2041â2050). It is predicted that the moth catch would be higher (233) during all three future decades (172â233) than present period (93.46) at Dharwad location and similar trend was observed at other three locations with significant year wise variations. The present work indicates that the temperature could play a significant role in population dynamics of S. litura and it is likely that the pest incidence would be higher during future climate change scenario.
Keywords	adults ; climate change ; insect pests ; models ; moths ; peanuts ; pheromone traps ; population dynamics ; prediction ; Spodoptera litura ; temperature ; tobacco ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-12
Size	p. 465-468.
Publishing place	Springer India
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2677544-X
ISSN	2250-1754 ; 0250-541X
ISSN (online)	2250-1754
ISSN	0250-541X
DOI	10.1007/s40009-015-0386-0
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Article: Tritrophic Interactions of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata subsp unguiculata(L.)], Aphids [Aphis craccivora (Koch)] and Coccinellids [Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fab.)] under eCO2 and eTemp

Srinivasa Rao, M / A.V.M. Subba Rao / K. Sammi Reddy / M. Maheswari / M. Vanaja / O. Shaila / P. Sreelakshmi / S. Vennila

Journal of Asia-Pacific entomology. 2018 June, v. 21, no. 2

2018

Abstract: Experiments were conducted to understand the direct and indirect effects of temperature and elevated CO2 (eCO2), on tritrophic interactions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata L.), legume aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and coccinellid predator ... ...

Abstract	Experiments were conducted to understand the direct and indirect effects of temperature and elevated CO2 (eCO2), on tritrophic interactions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata L.), legume aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and coccinellid predator Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. Reduction of the leaf nitrogen (6%), amino acid (6%) and protein (7%) of cowpea foliage with increased carbon (13%) and C:N ratio (21%) at eCO2 over aCO2 indicated the dilution of biochemical constituents at first trophic level. Shortened development time, DT and increment of reproductive rate, RR at eCO2 over ambient CO2(aCO2)was significant with increase in temperature from 20 to 35 °C. Reduction of the mean degree day, DD requirement of both nymphal (75.79 ± 15.163) and adult stages (157.15 ± 67.04) at eCO2 over aCO2 and same was reflected in the summation DD for both the stages at eCO2 (232.96 ± 80.32)and aCO2 (247.07 ± 64.77) across six temperatures. The ‘rm’ and ‘Ro’ increased gradually with increase in temperature followed the non-linear trend and reached maximum values at 27 °C with shortened ‘T’ across 20 to 35 °C temperatures at eCO2 indicating the significant variation of growth and development at the second trophic level. Decreased grub duration (23%) with increased predation capacity (19%) of M. sexmaculatus on A. craccivora at eCO2 over ambient was noted, indicating the incidence of A. craccivora is likely to be higher with increased predation in the future climate change scenario.
Keywords	adults ; amino acids ; Aphis craccivora ; carbon ; carbon dioxide ; carbon dioxide enrichment ; carbon nitrogen ratio ; climate change ; Coccinellidae ; cowpeas ; heat sums ; leaves ; nitrogen ; predation ; temperature ; tritrophic interactions ; trophic levels
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-06
Size	p. 531-537.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1226-8615
DOI	10.1016/j.aspen.2018.03.003
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