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  1. Article: Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Therapy: Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress.

    Ho, Jenni / Chaiswing, Luksana / St Clair, Daret K

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 6

    Abstract: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cancer development and cancer therapy, and is a major contributor to normal tissue injury. The unique characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have made them potentially useful as a diagnostic tool in ... ...

    Abstract Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cancer development and cancer therapy, and is a major contributor to normal tissue injury. The unique characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have made them potentially useful as a diagnostic tool in that their molecular content indicates their cell of origin and their lipid membrane protects the content from enzymatic degradation. In addition to their possible use as a diagnostic tool, their role in how normal and diseased cells communicate is of high research interest. The most exciting area is the association of EVs, oxidative stress, and pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, the relationship between oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of EVs is still unclear, which limits full understanding of the clinical potential of EVs. Here, we discuss how EVs, oxidative stress, and cancer therapy relate to one another; how oxidative stress can contribute to the generation of EVs; and how EVs' contents reveal the presence of oxidative stress. We also point out the potential promise and limitations of using oxidatively modified EVs as biomarkers of cancer and tissue injury with a focus on pediatric oncology patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox11061194
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Therapy: Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress

    Ho, Jenni / Chaiswing, Luksana / St. Clair, Daret K.

    Antioxidants. 2022 June 17, v. 11, no. 6

    2022  

    Abstract: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cancer development and cancer therapy, and is a major contributor to normal tissue injury. The unique characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have made them potentially useful as a diagnostic tool in ... ...

    Abstract Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cancer development and cancer therapy, and is a major contributor to normal tissue injury. The unique characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have made them potentially useful as a diagnostic tool in that their molecular content indicates their cell of origin and their lipid membrane protects the content from enzymatic degradation. In addition to their possible use as a diagnostic tool, their role in how normal and diseased cells communicate is of high research interest. The most exciting area is the association of EVs, oxidative stress, and pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, the relationship between oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of EVs is still unclear, which limits full understanding of the clinical potential of EVs. Here, we discuss how EVs, oxidative stress, and cancer therapy relate to one another; how oxidative stress can contribute to the generation of EVs; and how EVs’ contents reveal the presence of oxidative stress. We also point out the potential promise and limitations of using oxidatively modified EVs as biomarkers of cancer and tissue injury with a focus on pediatric oncology patients.
    Keywords biomarkers ; cancer therapy ; carcinogenesis ; diagnostic techniques ; lipids ; oxidative stress
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0617
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox11061194
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment: focus on the intersection of oxidative stress and TNFα

    Rummel, Nicole G. / Chaiswing, Luksana / Bondada, Subbarao / St. Clair, Daret K. / Butterfield, D. Allan

    Cellular and molecular life sciences. 2021 Oct., v. 78, no. 19-20

    2021  

    Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) has been observed in a large fraction of cancer survivors. Although many of the chemotherapeutic drugs do not cross the blood–brain barrier, following treatment, the structure and function of the brain are ...

    Abstract Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) has been observed in a large fraction of cancer survivors. Although many of the chemotherapeutic drugs do not cross the blood–brain barrier, following treatment, the structure and function of the brain are altered and cognitive dysfunction occurs in a significant number of cancer survivors. The means by which CICI occurs is becoming better understood, but there still remain unsolved questions of the mechanisms involved. The hypotheses to explain CICI are numerous. More than 50% of FDA-approved cancer chemotherapy agents are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to oxidative stress and activate a myriad of pathways as well as inhibit pathways necessary for proper brain function. Oxidative stress triggers the activation of different proteins, one in particular is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Following treatment with various chemotherapy agents, this pro-inflammatory cytokine binds to its receptors at the blood–brain barrier and translocates to the parenchyma via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once in brain, TNFα initiates pathways that may eventually lead to neuronal death and ultimately cognitive impairment. TNFα activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways may contribute to both memory decline and loss of higher executive functions reported in patients after chemotherapy treatment. Chemotherapy also affects the brain’s antioxidant capacity, allowing for accumulation of ROS. This review expands on these topics to provide insights into the possible mechanisms by which the intersection of oxidative stress and TNFΑ are involved in chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment.
    Keywords antioxidant activity ; blood-brain barrier ; brain ; cognitive disorders ; death ; drug therapy ; endocytosis ; memory disorders ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; neurons ; oxidative stress ; reactive oxygen species ; transactivators ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-10
    Size p. 6533-6540.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-021-03925-4
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment: focus on the intersection of oxidative stress and TNFα.

    Rummel, Nicole G / Chaiswing, Luksana / Bondada, Subbarao / St Clair, Daret K / Butterfield, D Allan

    Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

    2021  Volume 78, Issue 19-20, Page(s) 6533–6540

    Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) has been observed in a large fraction of cancer survivors. Although many of the chemotherapeutic drugs do not cross the blood-brain barrier, following treatment, the structure and function of the brain are ...

    Abstract Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) has been observed in a large fraction of cancer survivors. Although many of the chemotherapeutic drugs do not cross the blood-brain barrier, following treatment, the structure and function of the brain are altered and cognitive dysfunction occurs in a significant number of cancer survivors. The means by which CICI occurs is becoming better understood, but there still remain unsolved questions of the mechanisms involved. The hypotheses to explain CICI are numerous. More than 50% of FDA-approved cancer chemotherapy agents are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to oxidative stress and activate a myriad of pathways as well as inhibit pathways necessary for proper brain function. Oxidative stress triggers the activation of different proteins, one in particular is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Following treatment with various chemotherapy agents, this pro-inflammatory cytokine binds to its receptors at the blood-brain barrier and translocates to the parenchyma via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once in brain, TNFα initiates pathways that may eventually lead to neuronal death and ultimately cognitive impairment. TNFα activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways may contribute to both memory decline and loss of higher executive functions reported in patients after chemotherapy treatment. Chemotherapy also affects the brain's antioxidant capacity, allowing for accumulation of ROS. This review expands on these topics to provide insights into the possible mechanisms by which the intersection of oxidative stress and TNFΑ are involved in chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment/metabolism ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-021-03925-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Mitochondrial superoxide targets energy metabolism to modulate epigenetic regulation of NRF2-mediated transcription.

    Dhar, Sanjit K / Scott, Timothy / Wang, Chi / Fan, Teresa W M / St Clair, Daret K

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2021  Volume 179, Page(s) 181–189

    Abstract: Mitochondria are central to the metabolic circuitry that generates superoxide radicals/anions ( ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondria are central to the metabolic circuitry that generates superoxide radicals/anions (O
    MeSH term(s) Acetylation ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Histones/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Superoxides/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Histones ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Superoxides (11062-77-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.309
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A Redox-active Mn Porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP

    Chaiswing, Luksana / Yarana, Chontida / St Clair, William / Tovmasyan, Artak / Batinic-Haberle, Ines / Spasojevic, Ivan / St Clair, Daret

    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 9664636

    Abstract: We have employed a redox-active MnP (MnTnBuOE-2- ... ...

    Abstract We have employed a redox-active MnP (MnTnBuOE-2-PyP
    MeSH term(s) Antioxidants ; Carboplatin/pharmacology ; Carboplatin/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Metalloporphyrins/therapeutic use ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Porphyrins ; Superoxide Dismutase
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Metalloporphyrins ; Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin ; Porphyrins ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Carboplatin (BG3F62OND5) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2455981-7
    ISSN 1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
    ISSN (online) 1942-0994
    ISSN 1942-0994
    DOI 10.1155/2022/9664636
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: UVB-induced inactivation of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase promotes mitophagy via ROS-mediated mTORC2 pathway activation.

    Dhar, Sanjit K / Batinic-Haberle, Ines / St Clair, Daret K

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2019  Volume 294, Issue 17, Page(s) 6831–6842

    Abstract: Mitochondria are major sites of energy metabolism that influence numerous cellular events, including immunity and cancer development. Previously, we reported that the mitochondrion-specific antioxidant enzyme, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase ( ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondria are major sites of energy metabolism that influence numerous cellular events, including immunity and cancer development. Previously, we reported that the mitochondrion-specific antioxidant enzyme, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), has dual roles in early- and late-carcinogenesis stages. However, how defective MnSOD impacts the chain of events that lead to cell transformation in pathologically normal epidermal cells that have been exposed to carcinogens is unknown. Here, we show that UVB radiation causes nitration and inactivation of MnSOD leading to mitochondrial injury and mitophagy. In keratinocytes, exposure to UVB radiation decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increased glycolysis and the expression of autophagy-related genes, and enhanced AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT) phosphorylation and cell growth. Interestingly, UVB initiated a prosurvival mitophagy response by mitochondria-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling via the mammalian target of the mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) pathway. Knockdown of rictor but not raptor abrogated UVB-induced mitophagy responses. Furthermore, fractionation and proximity-ligation assays reveal that ROS-mediated mTOC2 activation in mitochondria is necessary for UVB-induced mitophagy. Importantly, pretreatment with the MnSOD mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autophagy/physiology ; Cell Line ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/drug effects ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitophagy/radiation effects ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein/physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR/physiology ; Superoxide Dismutase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Chemical Substances Nitrates ; Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR ; Rptor protein, mouse ; rictor protein, mouse ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA118.006595
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Chemotherapy-Induced Tissue Injury: An Insight into the Role of Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Oxidative Stress Responses.

    Yarana, Chontida / St Clair, Daret K

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2017  Volume 6, Issue 4

    Abstract: The short- and long-term side effects of chemotherapy limit the maximum therapeutic dose and impair quality of life of survivors. Injury to normal tissues, especially chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, is an unintended outcome that presents devastating ...

    Abstract The short- and long-term side effects of chemotherapy limit the maximum therapeutic dose and impair quality of life of survivors. Injury to normal tissues, especially chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, is an unintended outcome that presents devastating health impacts. Approximately half of the drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer treatment are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, and Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of them. Dox undergoes redox cycling by involving its quinone structure in the production of superoxide free radicals, which are thought to be instrumental to the role it plays in cardiomyopathy. Dox-induced protein oxidation changes protein function, translocation, and aggregation that are toxic to cells. To maintain cellular homeostasis, oxidized proteins can be degraded intracellularly by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or by autophagy, depending on the redox status of the cell. Alternatively, the cell can remove oxidized proteins by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be transferred to neighboring or distant cells, thereby instigating an intercellular oxidative stress response. In this article, we discuss the role of EVs in oxidative stress response, the potential of EVs as sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress, and the role of superoxide dismutase in attenuating EV-associated oxidative stress response resulting from chemotherapy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox6040075
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  9. Article ; Online: Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Normal Versus Malignant.

    Carroll, Dustin / St Clair, Daret K

    Antioxidants & redox signaling

    2017  Volume 29, Issue 16, Page(s) 1612–1632

    Abstract: Significance: The long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) demonstrates characteristics of self-renewal and the ability to manage expansion of the hematopoietic compartment while maintaining the capacity for differentiation into hematopoietic stem/ ... ...

    Abstract Significance: The long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) demonstrates characteristics of self-renewal and the ability to manage expansion of the hematopoietic compartment while maintaining the capacity for differentiation into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and terminal subpopulations. Deregulation of the HSPC redox environment results in loss of signaling that normally controls HSPC fate, leading to a loss of HSPC function and exhaustion. The characteristics of HSPC exhaustion via redox stress closely mirror phenotypic traits of hematopoietic malignancies and the leukemic stem cell (LSC). These facets elucidate the HSC/LSC redox environment as a druggable target and a growing area of cancer research. Recent Advances: Although myelosuppression and exhaustion of the hematopoietic niche are detrimental side effects of classical chemotherapies, new agents that modify the HSPC/LSC redox environment have demonstrated the potential for protection of normal HSPC function while inducing cytotoxicity within malignant populations.
    Critical issues: New therapies must preserve, or only slightly disturb normal HSPC redox balance and function, while simultaneously altering the malignant cellular redox state. The cascade nature of redox damage makes this a critical and delicate line for the development of a redox-based therapeutic index.
    Future directions: Recent evidence demonstrates the potential for redox-based therapies to impact metabolic and epigenetic factors that could contribute to initial LSC transformation. This is balanced by the development of therapies that protect HSPC function. This pushes toward therapies that may alter the HSC/LSC redox state but lead to initiation cell fate signaling lost in malignant transformation while protecting normal HSPC function. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1483836-9
    ISSN 1557-7716 ; 1523-0864
    ISSN (online) 1557-7716
    ISSN 1523-0864
    DOI 10.1089/ars.2017.7326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Dysregulation of cytokine mediated chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment.

    Ren, Xiaojia / St Clair, Daret K / Butterfield, D Allan

    Pharmacological research

    2017  Volume 117, Page(s) 267–273

    Abstract: One of the major complaints patients who survive cancer often make is chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment (CICI), which survivors often call "chemo brain." CICI is a side effect of chemotherapy due to the cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity of anti- ... ...

    Abstract One of the major complaints patients who survive cancer often make is chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment (CICI), which survivors often call "chemo brain." CICI is a side effect of chemotherapy due to the cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs causing structural and functional changes in brain, even when drugs that do not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) are used. Diminished cognitive functions including diminution of learning and memory, concentration and attention, processing speed and executive functions that reduce quality of life and ability to work are common signs and symptoms of CICI. There still is not a clarified and complete mechanism for CICI, but researchers have pointed to several biochemical candidates. Chemotherapy-induced, cytokine-mediated involvement in CICI will be mainly discussed in this review paper with emphasis on different types of cytokines, correlated with BBB and epigenetic changes. Mechanisms of ROS-generating, anti-cancer drugs and their relation to cytokine-mediated CICI will be emphasized.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced ; Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.001
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