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  1. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Protection by Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Potential Mechanisms.

    Staels, Bart

    The American journal of medicine

    2017  Volume 130, Issue 6S, Page(s) S30–S39

    Abstract: The mechanism of action of empagliflozin in reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes vs placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease in the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in ... ...

    Abstract The mechanism of action of empagliflozin in reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes vs placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease in the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients-Removing Excess Glucose (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) trial is currently unknown. An antiatherosclerotic effect is considered unlikely given the speed of the observed decrease in cardiovascular mortality. Hemodynamic effects, such as reductions in blood pressure and intravascular volume, and involving osmotic diuresis, may provide a more plausible explanation. Metabolic effects, such as cardiac fuel energetics, and hormonal effects, such as increased glucagon release, may also contribute to the results observed during EMPA-REG OUTCOME. This review discusses the main hypotheses suggested to date.
    MeSH term(s) Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism ; Glucosides/therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics ; Hormones/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy ; Hyperglycemia/etiology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/antagonists & inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Benzhydryl Compounds ; Glucosides ; Hormones ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 ; empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80015-6
    ISSN 1555-7162 ; 1873-2178 ; 0002-9343 ; 1548-2766
    ISSN (online) 1555-7162 ; 1873-2178
    ISSN 0002-9343 ; 1548-2766
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.04.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Treating NASH by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.

    Staels, Bart / Butruille, Laura / Francque, Sven

    Journal of hepatology

    2023  Volume 79, Issue 5, Page(s) 1302–1316

    Abstract: The pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) encompasses a complex set of intra- and extrahepatic driving mechanisms, involving numerous metabolic, inflammatory, vascular and fibrogenic pathways. The peroxisome proliferator-activated ... ...

    Abstract The pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) encompasses a complex set of intra- and extrahepatic driving mechanisms, involving numerous metabolic, inflammatory, vascular and fibrogenic pathways. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, β/δ and γ belong to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. Activated PPARs modulate target tissue transcriptomic profiles, enabling the body's adaptation to changing nutritional, metabolic and inflammatory environments. PPARs hence regulate several pathways involved in NASH pathogenesis. Whereas single PPAR agonists exert robust anti-NASH activity in several preclinical models, their clinical effects on histological endpoints of NASH resolution and fibrosis regression appear more modest. Simultaneous activation of several PPAR isotypes across different organs and within-organ cell types, resulting in pleiotropic actions, enhances the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists as pharmacological agents for NASH and NASH-related hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity, with some compounds having already shown clinical efficacy on histological endpoints.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605953-3
    ISSN 1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
    ISSN (online) 1600-0641
    ISSN 0168-8278
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Protection by Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Potential Mechanisms.

    Staels, Bart

    The American journal of cardiology

    2017  Volume 120, Issue 1S, Page(s) S28–S36

    Abstract: The mechanism of action of empagliflozin in reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes vs placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease in the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in ... ...

    Abstract The mechanism of action of empagliflozin in reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes vs placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high risk of cardiovascular disease in the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients-Removing Excess Glucose (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) trial is currently unknown. An antiatherosclerotic effect is considered unlikely given the speed of the observed decrease in cardiovascular mortality. Hemodynamic effects, such as reductions in blood pressure and intravascular volume, and involving osmotic diuresis, may provide a more plausible explanation. Metabolic effects, such as cardiac fuel energetics, and hormonal effects, such as increased glucagon release, may also contribute to the results observed during EMPA-REG OUTCOME. This review discusses the main hypotheses suggested to date.
    MeSH term(s) Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism ; Glucosides/therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics ; Hormones/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/drug therapy ; Hyperglycemia/etiology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/antagonists & inhibitors
    Chemical Substances Benzhydryl Compounds ; Glucosides ; Hormones ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 ; empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80014-4
    ISSN 1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
    ISSN (online) 1879-1913
    ISSN 0002-9149
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.05.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Hepatic sexual dimorphism - implications for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

    Lefebvre, Philippe / Staels, Bart

    Nature reviews. Endocrinology

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) 662–670

    Abstract: The liver is often thought of as a single functional unit, but both its structural and functional architecture make it highly multivalent and adaptable. In any given physiological situation, the liver can maintain metabolic homeostasis, conduct ... ...

    Abstract The liver is often thought of as a single functional unit, but both its structural and functional architecture make it highly multivalent and adaptable. In any given physiological situation, the liver can maintain metabolic homeostasis, conduct appropriate inflammatory responses, carry out endobiotic and xenobiotic transformation and synthesis reactions, as well as store and release multiple bioactive molecules. Moreover, the liver is a very resilient organ. This resilience means that chronic liver diseases can go unnoticed for decades, yet culminate in life-threatening clinical complications once the adaptive capacity of the liver is overwhelmed. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) predisposes individuals to cirrhosis and increases liver-related and cardiovascular disease-related mortality. This Review discusses the accumulating evidence of sexual dimorphism in NAFLD, which is currently rarely considered in preclinical and clinical studies. Increased awareness of the mechanistic causes of hepatic sexual dimorphism could lead to improved understanding of the biological processes that are dysregulated in NAFLD, to the identification of relevant therapeutic targets and to improved risk stratification of patients with NAFLD undergoing therapeutic intervention.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology ; Sex Characteristics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2489381-X
    ISSN 1759-5037 ; 1759-5029
    ISSN (online) 1759-5037
    ISSN 1759-5029
    DOI 10.1038/s41574-021-00538-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Immune-metabolic interactions in homeostasis and the progression to NASH.

    Hoogerland, Joanne A / Staels, Bart / Dombrowicz, David

    Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 10, Page(s) 690–709

    Abstract: The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased significantly over the past two decades. NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and predisposes to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( ... ...

    Abstract The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased significantly over the past two decades. NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and predisposes to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The importance of the immune system in hepatic physiology and in the progression of NAFLD is increasingly recognized. At homeostasis, the liver participates in immune defense against pathogens and in tolerance of gut-derived microbial compounds. Hepatic immune cells also respond to metabolic stimuli and have a role in NAFLD progression to NASH. In this review, we discuss how metabolic perturbations affect immune cell phenotype and function in NAFL and NASH, and then focus on the role of immune cells in liver homeostasis and in the development of NASH.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1042384-9
    ISSN 1879-3061 ; 1043-2760
    ISSN (online) 1879-3061
    ISSN 1043-2760
    DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2022.07.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: An optimized protocol with a stepwise approach to identify specific nuclear receptor ligands from cultured mammalian cells.

    Berthier, Alexandre / Staels, Bart / Lefebvre, Philippe

    STAR protocols

    2021  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 100658

    Abstract: Here, we describe an optimized protocol to identify specific nuclear receptor ligands. First, to rule out any compound interference with luciferase activity per se, we describe ... ...

    Abstract Here, we describe an optimized protocol to identify specific nuclear receptor ligands. First, to rule out any compound interference with luciferase activity per se, we describe an
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Constitutive Androstane Receptor ; Cytological Techniques/methods ; Drug Discovery/methods ; Ligands ; Pregnane X Receptor ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Constitutive Androstane Receptor ; Ligands ; Pregnane X Receptor ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100658
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Intestine-liver crosstalk in Type 2 Diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

    Nawrot, Margaux / Peschard, Simon / Lestavel, Sophie / Staels, Bart

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2021  Volume 123, Page(s) 154844

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are pathologies whose prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Both diseases are precipitated by an excessive caloric intake, which promotes insulin resistance and fatty liver. The ... ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are pathologies whose prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Both diseases are precipitated by an excessive caloric intake, which promotes insulin resistance and fatty liver. The role of the intestine and its crosstalk with the liver in the development of these metabolic diseases is receiving increasing attention. Alterations in diet-intestinal microbiota interactions lead to the dysregulation of intestinal functions, resulting in altered metabolite and energy substrate production and increased intestinal permeability. Connected through the portal circulation, these changes in intestinal functions impact the liver and other metabolic organs, such as visceral adipose tissue, hence participating in the development of insulin resistance, and worsening T2D and NAFLD. Thus, targeting the intestine may be an efficient therapeutic approach to cure T2D and NAFLD. In this review, we will first introduce the signaling pathways linking T2D and NAFLD. Next, we will address the role of the gut-liver crosstalk in the development of T2D and NAFLD, with a particular focus on the gut microbiota and the molecular pathways behind the increased intestinal permeability and inflammation. Finally, we will summarize the therapeutic strategies which target the gut and its functions and are currently used or under development to treat T2D and NAFLD.
    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Dyslipidemias/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Intestines/physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/physiopathology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy ; Signal Transduction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154844
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: PPAR control of metabolism and cardiovascular functions.

    Montaigne, David / Butruille, Laura / Staels, Bart

    Nature reviews. Cardiology

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) 809–823

    Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), PPARδ and PPARγ are transcription factors that regulate gene expression following ligand activation. PPARα increases cellular fatty acid uptake, esterification and trafficking, and regulates ... ...

    Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), PPARδ and PPARγ are transcription factors that regulate gene expression following ligand activation. PPARα increases cellular fatty acid uptake, esterification and trafficking, and regulates lipoprotein metabolism genes. PPARδ stimulates lipid and glucose utilization by increasing mitochondrial function and fatty acid desaturation pathways. By contrast, PPARγ promotes fatty acid uptake, triglyceride formation and storage in lipid droplets, thereby increasing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. PPARs also exert antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on the vascular wall and immune cells. Clinically, PPARγ activation by glitazones and PPARα activation by fibrates reduce insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, respectively. PPARs are also physiological master switches in the heart, steering cardiac energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes, thereby affecting pathological heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Novel PPAR agonists in clinical development are providing new opportunities in the management of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Humans ; PPAR alpha/metabolism ; PPAR delta/metabolism ; PPAR gamma/metabolism
    Chemical Substances PPAR alpha ; PPAR delta ; PPAR gamma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2490375-9
    ISSN 1759-5010 ; 1759-5002
    ISSN (online) 1759-5010
    ISSN 1759-5002
    DOI 10.1038/s41569-021-00569-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: The Circadian Clock and Obesity.

    Sebti, Yasmine / Hebras, Aurore / Pourcet, Benoit / Staels, Bart / Duez, Hélène

    Handbook of experimental pharmacology

    2022  Volume 274, Page(s) 29–56

    Abstract: The modern way of life has dramatically affected our biological rhythms. Circadian rhythms, which are generated by an endogenous circadian clock, are observed in a large number of physiological functions including metabolism. Proper peripheral clock ... ...

    Abstract The modern way of life has dramatically affected our biological rhythms. Circadian rhythms, which are generated by an endogenous circadian clock, are observed in a large number of physiological functions including metabolism. Proper peripheral clock synchronization by different signals including appropriate feeding/fasting cycles is essential to coordinate and temporally gate metabolic processes. In this chapter, we emphasize the importance of nutrient sensing by peripheral clocks and highlight the major role of peripheral and central clock communication to locally regulate metabolic processes and ensure optimal energy storage and expenditure. As a consequence, changes in eating behavior and/or bedtime, as occurs upon shift work and jet lag, have direct consequences on metabolism and participate in the increasing prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this setting, time-restricted feeding has been suggested as an efficient approach to ameliorate metabolic parameters and control body weight.
    MeSH term(s) Circadian Clocks/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Obesity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-02
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0171-2004
    ISSN 0171-2004
    DOI 10.1007/164_2021_579
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Benzopyran hydrazones with dual PPARα/γ or PPARα/δ agonism and an anti-inflammatory effect on human THP-1 macrophages.

    García, Ainhoa / Vila, Laura / Duplan, Isabelle / Schiel, María Ayelén / Enriz, Ricardo D / Hennuyer, Nathalie / Staels, Bart / Cabedo, Nuria / Cortes, Diego

    European journal of medicinal chemistry

    2024  Volume 265, Page(s) 116125

    Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in regulating inflammatory processes, and dual or pan-PPAR agonists with PPARγ partial activation have been recognised to be useful to manage both metabolic syndrome and metabolic ... ...

    Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in regulating inflammatory processes, and dual or pan-PPAR agonists with PPARγ partial activation have been recognised to be useful to manage both metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Previous works have demonstrated the capacity of 2-prenylated benzopyrans as PPAR ligands. Herein, we have replaced the isoprenoid bond by hydrazone, a highly attractive functional group in medicinal chemistry. In an attempt to discover novel and safety PPAR activators, we efficiently prepared benzopyran hydrazone/hydrazine derivatives containing benzothiazole (series 1) or 5-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridine moiety (series 2) with a 3- or 7-carbon side chain at the 2-position of the benzopyran nucleus. Benzopyran hydrazones 4 and 5 showed dual hPPARα/γ agonism, while hydrazone 14 exerted dual hPPARα/δ agonism. These three hydrazones greatly attenuated inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and MCP-1 on the THP-1 macrophages via NF-κB activation. Therefore, we have discovered novel hits (4, 5 and 14), containing a hydrazone framework with dual PPARα/γ or PPARα/δ partial agonism, depending on the length of the side chain. Benzopyran hydrazones emerge as potential lead compounds which could be useful for treating metabolic diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; PPAR alpha/agonists ; Benzopyrans/chemistry ; Hydrazones/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; PPAR gamma/agonists ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    Chemical Substances PPAR alpha ; Benzopyrans ; Hydrazones ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; PPAR gamma ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188597-2
    ISSN 1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
    ISSN (online) 1768-3254
    ISSN 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116125
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